Kevin
Young
Mr.
Haskell
History
E-core
27
October 2004
1.
What Was the Renaissance
A.
This was a time of change in many areas.
B.
People were eager to explore the richness and variety of human experience in
the here and now world, unlike medieval scholars who concentrated on nature of
life after death.
C.
The Renaissance supported a spirit of adventure and a wide-ranging curiosity
that led people to explore new worlds
2.
Italian Begins
A.
The Renaissance began in Italy in the mid 1300s and spread to the north and the
rest of Europe, it reached its height in the 1500s.
B.
In the 1400s the Medici family of Florence organized a banking business then
expanded to mining, wool manufacturing, and more.
C.
Lorenzo held Florence together in difficult times and a patron, which was a
supporter of the arts
3.Humanism
A.
This was the study that was based on the worldly subjects rather than religious
ones.
B.
Humanists believed that education should stimulate the individual’s creative
powers.
C.
Francesco Petrarch was a Florentine who lived from 1304 to 1374, he was an
early Renaissance humanist.
4.
A Golden Age in the Arts
A.
The most glorious expression in the Renaissance was its paintings, sculptures,
and architecture, which was due to the generous patrons.
B. Renaissance artists studied ancient Greek
and Roman works reviving many classical forms, one sculptor responsible for
this was Donatello.
C.
Renaissance artists learned the rules of perspective, making objects farther
away smaller than the objects closer to the picture.
5.
Writing for the New Age
A.
Many how to books began to show up so anybody who was ambitious enough could
learn more and rise in the renaissance world.
B. Niccolo Machiavelli had a book called the
Prince published in 1513, he combined personal experience and his knowledge of
the past to offer a guide to rulers on how to gain and maintain power.
C.
Critics attacked Machiavelli’s books saying they were inspired by the devil,
his work still sparks questions about the nature of government to this day.
6.Artists
of the Northern Renaissance
A.
The Northern Renaissance began in the 1400s in the prosperous cities of
Flanders, a region including present France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
B.
Jan and Hubert van Eycks stand out as the great artists of Flanders, they
developed oil paints as well.
C.
Peter Paul Rubens created a larger and luster style of Flemish painting, this
style blended realistic traditions of the Flemish painters and the classical
themes of the Italian Renaissance.
7.Northern
Humanists
A.
Northern European humanists stressed education and the revival of classics much
like the Italian humanists, but they also stressed the importance of religious
themes.
B.
Desiderius Erasmus a great Dutch humanist used his knowledge of the classical
language to produce a New Greek edition of the New Testatment.
C.
Sir Thomas Moore pressed for social and economic reform, he also described an
ideal society were men and women live in a Utopia.
8.Literature
of the Northern Renaissance
A.
Shakespeare had a towering figure of Renaissance literature; he was an English
poet and wrote 37 plays that are still practiced today.
B.
The best known work of the Renaissance in Spain was Don Quixote by Miguel de
Cervantes in the 1600s.
C.
Rebellious, the French humanist Francois Rebellious had a vied career as a
monk, physician, Greek scholar, and author.
9.The
Printing Revolution
A.
The work of the renaissance reached a large number of people due to the
Printing press
B.
In 1456, Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, Germany printed a bible with a printing
press that had moveable type.
C.
This development made the availability of books more wide spread and cheaper
which made more people learn to read.
10.
Abuses in the Church
A.
During the late Middle Ages churches bean to get caught up in worldly affairs,
popes competed with Italian princes for political power.
B.
By the late 1400s indulgence could be obtained with the donation of money to
the church.
C.
Popes were also patrons, supporting artists to beautify churches; they also
raised the prices of marriages and baptism to help rebuild the cathedral of St.
Peters.
11.Luther’s
Protest
A.
In the year 517 protests against the church turned into a revolt, which was led
by a German monk Martin Luther.
B.
Luther was originally slated by his father to become a lawyer, but was knocked
to the ground by lightning then prayed to St. Anne for help saying if he were
sparred that he would become a monk.
C.
In 1521 the church excommunicated Luther due to his 95 Thesis and will on not
giving up his views.
12.Spread
of Lutheran Ideas
A.
Lutheranism gained widespread support since many saw it as the answer to the
corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.
B.
Peasants took up Luther’s banner in hope to gain his support for social and
economic change as well as religious reform.
C.
The Peace of Augsburg was signed in 1555 allowing each prince to decide on
Catholic or Lutheran as a religion
13.John
Calvin
A.
He preached pre determination, which meant that god already determined who
would gain salvation.
B.
Calvin was born in France and was trained to be a lawyer and priest and in 1536
he published his book Institutes of the Christian Religion.
C.
He taught that God was all powerful and that humans were sinful by nature, also
saying God was the only one that decided who would achieve eternal life.
14.Radical
Reformers
A.
The Reformation continued hundreds of new sects developed and they had ideas
that were even more radical than the ideas of Luther and Calvin
B.
Groups of people that felt baptism should only be allowed for adults were known
as Anabaptists.
C.
Some of the Anabaptist’s wanted radical social change and some wanted to
abolition private property, however most were peaceful women and men.
15.The
English Reformation
A.
The final break of the Catholic Church was not from religious leaders but from
THE English king Henry VIII.
B.
King Henry VIII was unhappy with his marriage and asked the pope for an annul
which canceled the marriage since the church didn’t allow divorce.
C.
The act of supremacy was passed in 1534 and made Henry “the only supreme head
on Earth of the Church of England”.
16.Elizabeth
I Restores Unity to England
A.
She adopted a policy of religious compromise and moved cautiously at first but
soon attacked anyone who protested.
B.
English replaced Latin as the language of the Anglican Church service under
Elizabeth’s rule.
C.
England escaped the religious wars that tore apart other European states in the
1500s, due to her strong rule.
17.The
Catholic Reformation
A.
The leader of the Catholic reformation was Pope Paul III, he set out to restore
moral authority in the churches.
B.
He established the Council of Trent in 1545, this established the direction
that the reform should take.
C.
Pope Paul strengthened the inquisition, which was the churches court that that
was supposed to root out the heresies.
18.Widespread
Persecution
A.
Between 1450 and 1750 thousands of men and women were killed in the
which-hunting craze, people accused were usually accused of being agents of the
devil.
B.
The Jews were encouraged to convert and in Venice Jews were forced to live in a
separate part of the city called the ghetto starting in 1516.
C.
By the 1550s Pope Paul IV made the policy of allowing Jews to stay in Italy
obsolete, which made Jews migrate to Poland-Lithuania and parts of the Ottoman
Empire.
19.Looking
Ahead
A.
Wars of religion were sparked in Europe until the mid-1600s due to the Catholic
and Protestant reformation.
B.
Catholic and Protestant rulers often made decisions based on political
interests and not religious reasons.
C.
Issues of religion began to give way to issues of national power.
20.Changing
Views of the World
A.
Nicolaus Copernicus was a scholar that proposed the theory of the sun being the
center of the universe.
B.
Tycho Brahe was a Danish astronomer that provided evidence that supported
Copernicus’s theory.
C.
Galileo Galilei was able to observe the craters and imperfection of the moon
and other planets with the use of his telescope.
21.Newton
Ties It All Together
A.
He was a student that went to Cambridge University in England and developed a
theory at the age of 24 on why the planets move the way they do.
B.
Newton said that a single force makes the planets orbit around the sun in the
way that they do and that was gravity.
C.
In the year 1687 Newton published a book Mathematical Principals of Natural
Philosophy, this book explained how the universe worked and the law of gravity.
22.More
Scientific Advances
A.
During the 1600s Robert Boyle distinguished the differences between elements
and chemical compounds.
B.
In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published the first accurate book on the anatomy of
the human body.
C.
Early in the 1600s an English scholar named William Harvey described the
circulation of blood explaining that the heart acts as a pump.
23.Bacon
and Descartes
A.
Both of these men thought that Aristotle’s scientific assumption was wrong,
they also challenged the tradition of the medieval universities.
B.
They opened the way to the enlightenment of the 1700s by there pioneering ways
of thinking.
C. Bacon wanted the science to make peoples lives easier and better by leading to practical technologies.