Kevin Young

Mr., Haskell

History e-core

18 November 2004

 

Chapter 19 Outline

 

1. The Old Regime

A. In 1789 France was still using the 3 class social system from the Middle Ages.

B. The bourgeoisie were the middle class and included prosperous bankers, merchants, and manufactures who helped the French economy.

C. Peasants were given a heavy tax on all things even things that were not supposed to be taxed, they weren’t allowed to kill animals either even though nobles could.

 

2. A Financial Crisis

A. They suffered this crisis due to the fact that they spent more money than they brought in, the name for this is deficit spending.

B. The economy began to crumble and there was an economic decline in the 1770s, then in 1780 there were bad harvests, which raised food prices and caused peasants to starve and go hungry.

C. Louis XV ruled from 1715 to 1774 was a poor ruler who raised the debt of France, this caused Louis the XVI to higher Jacques Necker as an advisor.

 

3. The King Takes Action

A. France was on the edge of bankruptcy in the year 1788, bread riots began from the peasants and the nobles were denouncing royal tyranny.

B. Louis established cahiers to take notes of what the peasants wanted some of the things included fair taxes, and lower prices on leather.

C. The crisis of France deepened in July of 1788 even with the help of Necker, some of the problems were due to the disastrous harvest.

 

4. Storming the Bastille

A. Paris seized the spotlight from the National Assembly meeting in Versailles on July 14.

B. More than 800 Parisians assembled outside the Bastille, which was a grim medieval fortress.

C. When Louis XVI herd of the attacks he asked his noble men if it was a revolt he replied no it is a revolution.

 

5.Revolts in Paris and the Provinces

A.  The political crisis in 1789 was the worst famine in memory and people with jobs paid 80 percent of their income on grain as the prices skyrocketed.

B. The famine and fear caused peasants to burn and destroy noble’s houses and to break in and steal grain from storehouses.

C. Marquis de Lafayette fought alongside George Washington and headed the National Guard that would meet the troops in Paris.

 

6. Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

A. The uprisings of the peasants caused the nobles to give up their special privileges, which included no taxes, and their privilege to hunt.

B. In late August the first steps to writing a declaration were made when the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen were issued by the assembly.

C. Louis XVI was slow to accept the reforms of the National Assembly.

 

7. Women March on Versailles

A. Angry mobs in France were not uncommon but seeing that the mob was made of thousands of women showed they were as determined as the men.

B. Much of the anger was directed at queen Marie Antoinette and ever since she married Louis she was attacked that she had become extravagant.

C. Lafayette and the National Guard calmed the crowd and were able to get their demand of bringing the king to Paris.

 

8. A Time of Triumph

A. To help pay off debts the assembly voted to sell off the Church Lands.

B. By 1791 the National Assembly set up a constitution, this limited the monarchy and would keep the absolute monarchy out of France.

C. The constitution of 1791 completed the revolution by ending the churches interference with the government and insured equality before the law of all citizens.

 

9. Reaction Outside France

A. Supporters of the enlightenment saw the reforms of the National Assembly as a dawn of new age for justice and equality.

B. European rulers and nobles denounced the French Revolution, they increased border patrol fearing the spread of the French plague.

C. The Declaration of Pilnitz threatened to intervene if necessary to protect the French monarchy.

 

10. War at Home and Abroad

A. In October of 1791 the newly elected legislative Assembly took office, this would survive for less than a year due to the crises at home and abroad.

B. The working class men and women were called sans- culottes, they pushed the revolution further and demanded a revolution.

C. In April of 1792 the war of words between the Europeans and French Revolutionists moved onto the battlefield.

 

11. Downfall of the Monarchy

A. Suffrage was the right to vote, this was extended to all male citizens not only ones with property.

B. In September of 1792 the Assembly that met was much more radical and voted to abolish the monarchy and to declare France a republic.

C. Louis XVI was put on trial as a traitor to France, he was convicted and put to death on a foggy morning January 1973.

 

12. The Convention Under Siege

A. In early 1793 France was in danger on all sides as it was at war with most of Europe including Britain, Spain, and Prussia.

B. Robespierre was a chief architect of the reign of Terror, which lasted from July 1793 to July of 1794.

C. The engine of terror was the guillotine, its fast falling blade extinguished life instantly.

 

13.Reaction and the Directory

A. The Constitution of 1795 set up a five-man directory and a two-house legislature, property-owning males elected this.

B. The directory held power from 1795 to 1799, leaders helped solve their own problems but did little to solve the public’s problems.

C. Politicians planned to turn to Napoleon for help but Napoleon outwitted them and soon became the ruler of France.

 

14. Women in the Revolution

A. Women were disappointed when they found out that the Declaration of the Rights of Man did not grant equal citizenship to women as they participated in the revolution.

B. In 1793 a committee declared that women did not have the moral and physical strength needed to practice political rights.

C. Women were involved with the revolution from the beginning as the working class women fought in street battles and women formed their own political club.

 

15. Changes in Daily Life

A. By 1799 the French Revolution, which was now ten years old, had dramatically changed France.

B. Nationalism spread throughout France and was an aggressive feeling of pride in the devotion to one’s country.

C. The French arts were moving towards a grand classical style which echoed the grander of ancient Rome, one of the top artists was Jacques Louis David.

 

16. The Man From Corsica

A. Napoleon Buonaparte was born on the French-ruled island of Corsica in the Mediterranean.

B. Napoleon was twenty years old when the revolution broke out he was young and eager to make a name for himself, he was in favor of the republican rule.

C. He rose quickly in the army as he defeated the British troops out of the French port of Toulon, he went on to win several other dazzling victories defeating the Austrians and capturing most of Northern Italy.

 

17. France Under Napoleon

A. To restore prosperity he regulated the economy to control prices, encourage new industry, he also promoted a system of public schools under strict government rule.

B. Napoleon backed off some of the social reforms of the revolution; he made peace with the Catholic Church in the Concordat of 1801.

C. One of Napoleons most lasting reforms was often called the Napoleonic Code, this embodied the enlightenment of the equality of citizens.

 

18. Subduing an Empire

A. During the years of 1804 to 1814 Napoleon furthered his reputation on the battlefield as he faced down the combined forces of the greatest European powers.

B. Britain relied on its naval power to stop Napoleons drive to rule the continent.

C. Britain put up blockades on European ports, blockades are the shutting off of ports to keep people or supplies from moving in or out.

 

19. Challenges to Napoleon’s Empire

A. Under Napoleon the French armies spread the ideas of the revolution throughout Europe, and backed liberal reforms on the land they conquered.

B. Spanish patriots conducted a campaign of guerilla warfare known as hit and run raids, in this case against the French.

C. Napoleon took his army of 600,000 into Russia heading to Moscow, but he soon retreated as he realized there would not be enough food to supply his troops with through the long Russian winter.

 

20. Downfall of Napoleon

A. In the year 1813 Napoleon was defeated in the Battle of the Nations at Leipzig, the next year Napoleon abdicated or stepped down from power.

B. Napoleon died in 1821, but his legend lived on in France and around the world, historians have long debated his legacy.

C. Napoleons ideas spread the ideas of the revolution even though he failed to make Europe a French empire.

 

21. The Congress of Vienna

A. The congress met for ten months from September 1814 to June 1815 this was a brilliant gathering of European leaders.

B. The chief goal of the Vienna decision makers was to create a lasting peace by establishing a combination of power and protecting the system of monarchy.

C. Alexander I urged a holy alliance of Christian monarchs to suppress any future revolutions.

 

22. The Vienna Settlement

A. Architects of the peace promoted legitimacy, restoring hereditary monarchies that the French Revolution or Napoleon had unseated.

B. The Vienna statement achieved their immediate goals, but when redrawing the borderlines they mixed different cultures together, this was not a good thing.

C. The Vienna statement would keep the piece for over one hundred years and Europe wouldn’t see another war until 1914.