The following
passage is taken from Andre Breton’s, Manifesto
of Surrealism.
1) Within the
limits where they operate (or are thought to operate) dreams give every evidence of being continuous and show signs of
organization. Memory alone arrogates to itself the right to excerpt from
dreams, to ignore the transitions, and to depict for us rather a series of
dreams than the dream itself. By the same token, at any given moment we
have only a distinct notion of realities, the coordination of which is a
question of will.* (Account must be taken of the depth of the dream. For
the most part I retain only what I can glean from its most superficial layers.
What I most enjoy contemplating about a dream is everything that sinks back
below the surface in a waking state, everything I have forgotten about my
activities in the course of the preceding day, dark foliage, stupid
branches. In "reality," likewise, I prefer to fall.) What is
worth noting is that nothing allows us to presuppose a greater dissipation of
the elements of which the dream is constituted. I am sorry to have to speak about
it according to a formula which in principle excludes the dream. When will we
have sleeping logicians, sleeping philosophers? I would like to sleep, in order
to surrender myself to the dreamers, the way I surrender myself to those who
read me with eyes wide open; in order to stop imposing, in this realm, the
conscious rhythm of my thought. Perhaps my dream last night follows that of the
night before, and will be continued the next night, with an exemplary
strictness. It's quite possible, as the saying goes. And since it has
not been proved in the slightest that, in doing so, the "reality"
with which I am kept busy continues to exist in the state of dream, that it
does not sink back down into the immemorial, why should I not grant to dreams what
I occasionally refuse reality, that is, this value of certainty in itself
which, in its own time, is not open to my repudiation? Why should I not expect
from the sign of the dream more than I expect from a degree of consciousness
which is daily more acute? Can't the dream also be used in solving the
fundamental questions of life? Are these questions the same in one case as in
the other and, in the dream, do these questions already exist? Is the dream any
less restrictive or punitive than the rest? I am growing old and, more than
that reality to which I believe I subject myself, it is perhaps the dream, the
difference with which I treat the dream, which makes me grow old.
2) Let me
come back again to the waking state. I have no choice but to consider it a
phenomenon of interference. Not only does the mind display, in this state, a
strange tendency to lose its bearings (as evidenced by the slips and mistakes
the secrets of which are just beginning to be revealed to us), but, what is
more, it does not appear that, when the mind is functioning normally, it really
responds to anything but the suggestions which come to it from the depths of
that dark night to which I commend it. However conditioned it may be, its balance is relative. It scarcely dares express itself
and, if it does, it confines itself to verifying that such and such an idea, or
such and such a woman, has made an impression on it. What impression it would
be hard pressed to say, by which it reveals the degree of its subjectivity, and
nothing more. This idea, this woman, disturb it, they tend to make it less
severe. What they do is isolate the mind for a second from its solvent and
spirit it to heaven, as the beautiful precipitate it can be, that it is. When
all else fails, it then calls upon chance, a divinity even more obscure than
the others to whom it ascribes all its aberrations. Who can say to me that the angle by which that idea which affects it is offered, that
what it likes in the eye of that woman is not precisely what links it to its
dream, binds it to those fundamental facts which, through its own fault, it has
lost? And if things were different, what might it be capable of? I would like
to provide it with the key to this corridor.
3) The mind
of the man who dreams is fully satisfied by what happens to him. The agonizing
question of possibility is no longer pertinent. Kill,
fly faster, love to your heart's content. And if you should die, are you not
certain of reawaking among the dead? Let yourself be carried along, events will
not tolerate your interference. You are nameless. The ease of everything is
priceless.
What reason,
I ask, a reason so much vaster than the other, makes dreams seem so natural and
allows me to welcome unreservedly a welter of episodes so strange that they
could confound me now as I write? And yet I can believe my eyes, my ears; this
great day has arrived, this beast has spoken.
If man's
awaking is harder, if it breaks the spell too abruptly, it is because he has
been led to make for himself too impoverished a notion of atonement.