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ADB controversy: Govt. rejected liberal aid from Australian bank

(Kerala Kaumudi 10.3.2002)
NEW DELHI: Giving a new twist to the ADB controversy it has been revealed that Kerala government has rejected more liberal aid from Australia based South East Asia bank (SEAB) for the aid from the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

South East Asian bank has made an offer of Rs 5000 cr to the Kerala government through their Indian representative. The bank representative has also conducted discussions with Kerala chief secretary at his chamber on February 11th, 2002 regarding this. During the talks government expenditure secretary K A Abraham also participated. On the basis of these discussions officials also decided to hold talks with chief minister. While ADB aid has a annual interest of 7% South East Asian Bank's aid has only an annual interest of 5%. Even the repayment time limit is 20 years for South East Asian Bank while it is only 15 years for ADB.

Other significant aspect of SEAB aid is that it can be repaid in Indian currency while the ADB aid has to be rayed in Dollars.Despite all this facilties Kerala government was adamant on accepting ADB aid.

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Comments by Keralaforum:

The Manila-based Asian Development bank was created in 1966 to provide loans and technical assistance to so-called "developing" nations in the Asia-Pacific region. India was never been in their sphere of activities. But the current liberalization ahs opened the door of India.

History shows that ADB has created local millionnairs in several countries, but made the people's life poorer and miserable. ADB is a cut-throat money lender, just like the World Bank. The borrower becomes a slave and eventually end up borrowing more money to repay the debts. Also natural resources and raw products are to be sold to outside agencies at dead cheap rate. The devaluation of currency is another trick ADB and WorldBank force upon developing nations.

Readers may recall that ADB imposed sanctions against India after the 1998 Nuclear test. But Scantions did not have any effect on India. Then wagging their tail to the US Masters, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) resumed lending to India the moment US economic sanctions, imposed after the may 1998 nuclear tests, were lifted.

True Face of the ADB?

The Asian Development Bank provides development loans to countries of the Asia-Pacific region--with the aim of opening up this whole region to imperialist penetration and control. The ADB was formed in 1966 as a vehicle for regional suppression of national liberation struggles, especially in Vietnam. Some of its first projects were undertaken in cooperation with U.S. pacification plans for the region. Today there are many liberation struggles being fought throughout Asia and the Pacific--including Maoist People's Wars in Nepal and the Philippines. And the ADB continues to fund projects designed to strengthen imperialist control and defeat any struggles which threaten neo-colonialism.

The ADB is based in Manila and has 60 member countries. Rich countries that provide funds for the loans are called "donor countries," and countries that receive the loans are referred to as "recipient countries." Donor countries include the U.S., Japan, Australia, Germany, France and other wealthy nations. Recipient countries are poor, oppressed countries in Asia and the Pacific. Among the largest debtor countries to the ADB are Indonesia, Pakistan, the Philippines, India and Vietnam. Countries that owe more than 50% of their external debt to the ADB include Bhutan (73%), Nepal (68%), Samoa (62%), Mongolia (52%), and Solomon Islands (51%). The ADB expects to disburse $6 billion in loans at its meeting in Honolulu.

The ADB is a for-profit bank that makes its money by making loans to some of the poorest countries in the world. To guarantee repayment it holds the country's resources--labor power and raw materials--as collateral. It funds infrastructure projects like dams and communications systems that benefit the capitalists but impoverish the poor. It makes agricultural loans that force peasants to plant export crops that require huge inputs of fertilizers and pesticides, depriving poor farmers of food crops and polluting the land and water on which the people rely. It provides loans to Asian and Pacific countries to bring in Western "consultants" to design laws that enable imperialist corporations to exploit these countries more efficiently.

More True Face of ADB

KeralaForum Denouces the ADB Deal!


Here is "Indran" in March 2002

A-lï-pïY F-Vï-fï o--Yï - lï-÷m-nêv-‹-Yï _ C-ÿu

F.-Vï.-fï.- lê-iç Fª dñ-Yïi o--Yï-öi H-¼-öŒ-Tñ-Œú F.-öJ.- Bus-Xï Eê-kêw Jò-Tñ-÷ª-T-öŒ-këêù ÷dê-iï -Eïv-¼ñ-ª-Yï-öus dï-ªï-ök añ-jñ-÷‰-máù oï.-dï.-F-˜ï-Eú h-Eoæï-kê-Jê-iú-J-i-kë.- Eïv-¼ñ-ª-Yñù o-pï-¼êù.- -d-ö&,- o--Yï-iñ-öT dï-Yê-lú C-T-Yñ-hñ-ª-Xï ot-¼ê-sê-öX-ªú,- Vï.-Fu.-F.- öT-‚ï-öus sï-÷dçêt-ˆú Dit-Œï-dçï-Tï-Oþú -Eï-i-h-o-g-iïv lê-aï-Oþ-Yú Æò-j-Y-iê-iï-÷dçê-iï.-

-o-Yá-hê-iñù,- C-¦-÷Œê-qù où-g-lï-¼ñ-öh-ªú C-T-Yñ-hñ-ª-Xï oô-dî-Œïv lï-Oê-jï-Oþï-jñ-ªï-kë.- F.-Vï.-fï.- oê-iú-d-Óêt -C-T-Yñ-hñ-ª-Xï g-jï-¼ñª Jê-k-Œú Yï-jñ-l-E-dñ-j-Œú lï-hê-Ehï-s-Ÿï-iï-jñ-ªñ-öl-ª-Yú o-Yá-hê-Xú.- ÷Jê-l-q-Œú h-X-kïv -h-kt-ªñ-Jï-T-¼êu-÷l-ûï ÷kê-J-Œï-öus Eê-Eê-gê-L-Ÿ-qïv Eï-ªú d-k-Y-jù hê-Eoï-J-÷jê-Lï-Jw lï-hê-Eù -÷J-sï-l-jê-sñ-û-÷këê.- A-Œ-j-Œïv-ödçˆ B-÷jê B-iï-jï-¼ñ-öh-ªê-Xú B-aáù J-jñ-Yï-i-Yú.- dï-ªð-÷T lï-l-j-h-sï-ƒñ-Èò.- oê-iú-d-Óêt -÷J-j-q-Œï-ök aê-jï-ÎáöŒ l-J-l-jñ-Œêu dñ-s-ödçˆ Jò-ˆ-jê-iï-jñ-ªñ.- G-náu V-l-k-dú-öhusú fê-Ëú F-öªê-jñ Jñ-Ôê-û-hê-Xú -A-l-öj-iï-÷Ÿê-ˆú d-s-ƒñ-lï-ˆ-Yú.- `ööe-šï-Ÿú ÷dê-lt-ˆï Cu G-ná Busú d-o-eï-Jú'- F-ªê-Xú F.-Vï.-fï.-iñ-öT öEšï-iïv -F-rñ-Yï H-ˆï-Oþñ-öl-Oþï-ˆñ-È-Yú.- Oþêv,- aê-jï-ÎáöŒ J-ûêv öJê-këñù F-ª-öª.-

lï-dë-l-Oð-Eiñù lð-j-lï-i-šú-Eê-hñù Dw-ödç-öT-iñÈ J-˜áò-Xï-‚ú oôt-L-Ÿ-qïv-l-öj C-¼ò-ˆt a-jï-Î-lê-oï-J-öq-iñù -d-ˆï-Xï-¼ê-÷j-iñù ööJ-Jê-jáù öO-Âï-ˆñ-û-ö¦.- A-÷h-jï-¼-iï-kñù Qt-h-Eï-iï-kñù Q-dçê-Eï-kñù aê-jï-ÎáöŒ ÷Ejï-Tñù -÷dê-ök-i-kë C-Yú.- hñ-Y-kê-qïŒ Ej-J-Ÿ-qê-X-l-öi-këêù.- F-it-÷dêt-ˆïv Y-öª d-ˆï-Xï-¼êt `Jáò'- Eïv-¼ñ-ªñ-ûê-lñù.- -lï-hê-Ehï-s-Ÿïi DT-öE ööJ-Jê-jáù öO-àê-lñ-ª-÷Y-iñ-Èò-.- lï-dë-l-Oð-Eiñù lð-j-lï-i-šú-Eê-hñù -A-Ÿ-öEi-kë.- j-ûï-T-Œñù J-˜áò-Xï-‚ú lï-dël lê-o-Å-hï ET-Œï-i-Yê-Xú.- aê-jï-Îá-lñù d-ˆï-Xï-iñù A-lï-öT -Q-Eï-¼ñ-J-÷i C-kë.- F-ªï-ˆñù F.-Vï.-fï.- oê-iú-d-Óêt A-lï-öT Y-k-Ÿñù lï-k-Ÿñù gò-Y-¼-¯ê-Tï-öl-Oþú -A-jï-Oþñ-öd-sñ-¼ï-iê-l-Xù a-jï-Î-lê-oï-J-öq J-ûñ-dï-Tï-Oþú ööJ-Jê-jáù öO-Â-Yú.- Jñ-ös ÷Jê-Tï A-lï-öT-iñù ödê-ˆï-Oþï-ˆñ-ûú.-

B -l-rï ÷E-öj-i-lt Vv-pï-iï-kê-Xú l-ªï-s-Ÿï-i-Yú.- F-it-÷dêt-ˆïv Tò-sï-où Vï-dçêt-ˆú-öhusú Jø-û-sïv Yï-j-¼ï.- -h-bá-‹-÷a-mï-÷k-¼ñù Lñ-Q-sê-Œï-÷k-¼ñù Hê-÷jê öo-šï-öE lï-ˆñ.- dï-öª-iê-Xú ÷J-j-q-öŒ Jñ-sï-Oþú lï-l-jù Jï-ˆï-i-Yú.- -A-œ-Yñ-öJê-kë-hê-iï J-˜áò-Xï-‚ñ-Jê-jñù,- J-˜áò-¼-÷q-¼êw hò-¼ñª lï-dël ÷Jêx-Ü-oæñ-Jê-jñù hê-sï-hê-sï aê-jï-ÎáöŒ -A-Tï-öOþê-Yñ-¼ñª où-zê-Eh-÷kë ÷J-j-qù.- Yðt-Oþ-iê-iñù C-lï-öT a-jï-Î-lê-oï-J-qñ-öT d-T-Y-öª Dûê-l-Xù.- dï-öª -ööl-Jï-iï-kë,- ÷E-öj C-÷Ÿê-ˆñ-÷dê-ªñ.-

dï-öª-iï-lï-öT J-X-¼-dçï-È-hêt-¼ñù Lñ-h-z-Óêt-¼ñù ÷Yê-h-oú-öF-o-¼ñ-hêt-¼ñù dï-Tï-dç-Yñ-d-Xï-iê-iï-jñ-ªñ.- d-lt öo-Jú-št -V-l-k-dú-öhusú ÷‹ê-Üêù F-öªê-jñ ‹-f-‡ù Jñ-Œï-ö¼-ˆï.- ``o-oú-öš-iï-Efïw At-fu V-l-k-dçú-öhusú Busú ÷dê-lt-ˆï -sï-V-Jú-nu Cu ÷J-jq''- Fª h-öšê-ªú.- o-÷dçêt-ˆï-Ÿú eï-oú-Jv sï-÷eêù-oú Cu ÷J-jq ÷‹ê-Q-Åú F-ªú ÷l-ös-öiê-ªñù.- J-Èù,- -öd-jñ-Ë-Èù,- zï-Yï-lï-l-j-¼-X-¼ú Yñ-T-Ÿï-il dê-J-Œï-Eú ÷Ot-Œú öl-Oþ oêu-Vú-lï-Oþê-¼ï hò-ªñ-÷Ejù f-J-Óêt-¼ú -öJê-Tñ-¼-X-h-÷këê.- A-Yñù-÷dêj aï-l-÷o-E A-l-š-Jw-¼ú Hê-÷jê A-§ñ-Y-¼ê-×-Jw Jê-ˆï-ö¼ê-Tñ-¼ñ-J-iñù ÷l-Xù.- o-díê-§ñ-Y-Ÿ-qñù -J-ûñ-lª Jò-ˆ-jê-öX-ªú d-s-ƒï-öˆê-ªñù Jê-já-hï-kë.- öo-Æ-÷ˆ-sï-i-šú,- Eï-i-h-o-gê-h->ï-jù,- F.-öJ.-Qï.- öoust Yñ-T-Ÿï-il -Jê-Xï-Oþï-öˆê-ªñù A-lt Cù-‹-oú-Vú B-iï-kë.- dï-öª-öiê-jñ A-š-ööJ ‹-÷iê-L-÷h Eï-l-ý-Œï-iñ-ûê-iï-jñ-ªñ-Èò.- -A-Ÿ-öEiê-Xú A-l-öj Jò-ˆï-ö¼ê-ûñ-÷dê-iï F.-öJ.- Bus-Xï-öi Jê-Xï-Oþñ-öJê-Tñ-Œ-Yú.- A-÷Yê-öT A-l-Óêt öY-ökëê-ª-T-Ÿï.-

C-öYê-ö¼-iê-öX-Ëï-kñù C-T-Yñ-hñ-ª-Xï H-dçï-ˆñ-öJê-Tñ-¼êu l-r-Ÿï-iï-jñ-ªï-kë.- H-dçï-ˆêv A-÷Yê-öT J-rï-ƒï-÷kë JZ.- -d-Öê-j-d-s-iñ-J-iñù Jñ-Xñ-Ÿñ-J-iñù H-ö¼ öO-Âï-jñ-ªñ-öl-ª-Yú m-jï-iê-iï-jï-¼êù.- A-öYê-ªñù öO-àê-öY C-¼ê-k-Œú Jê-jáù l-÷këêù -ET-¼ñ-÷hê.- oê-iú-d-Óêt H-dçï-Tñ-lï-¼êu dk lï-aá-J-qñù ‹-÷iê-Lï-Oþñ-÷Eê-¼ï-i-Yê-Xú.- ET-ªï-kë.- B-iï-öT -Yï-j-öƒ-Tñ-dçú ET-¼ñ-J-iñù gê-Lá-l-mêv ÷Yê-šú Yñ-ªù-dê-Tñ-J-iñù öO-Âñ.- ÷Yê-šï-këê-iï-jñ-öª-Ëïv F-Vï-fï-¼ú l-r-Ÿï -hê-Eù ÷dê-Jñ-hê-iï-jñ-ªñ.- F.-öJ.- Bus-Xï-¼ú hê-EŒï-öus ‹-mî-hï-kë.- o-Yá-‹-YïÉ öO-Â-iñ-T-öE -÷dê-öiê-dçï-ˆñ-öJê-Tñ-Œñ-Jê-X-Xù.- C-Eï ‹-Yï-d-&-÷EYê-lê-iï-jñ-ª-÷dçêw Y-öª H-dçï-ˆï-ˆñ-ûê-lñ-÷hê?- Bt-¼-sï-iêù.- -C-¼ê-k-Œê-÷j-iñù lï-mô-oï-Oþñ-Jò-Tê.- oê-iú-d-Óêt A-Yñù- H-dçï-¼êu h-Tï-¼ñª l-J-J-q-kë.-

A-Ÿ-öE Q-Eï-Oþ-Yê-Xú Jò-ˆ-÷j Cø lê-içê-o--Yï.- C-T-Yñ-hñ-ª-Xï-iê-Xú A-öYê-dçï-Oþ-öY-öªê-ö¼ Bus-Xï öl-sñ-öY -d-s-iñ-ª-Yê-Xú.- Bus-Xï-öi Dï-Œ-Èï lê-Yï-÷kê-qù öJê-ûñ-÷dê-i-Yú o-Yá-hê-Xú.- fê-¼ï ET-ª-Yï-öEkëêù -Bus-Xï-iñù oê-iú-dñ-hê-Xñ-Œ-j-lê-aï.- S-Ÿ-öqê-ªñù A-sï-ƒï-jñ-ªï-÷kë jê-h-Eê-jê-i-Xê...-

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1966v -G-ná-iï-ök a-jï-Î-lê-oï jê-Qá-Ÿw Oï-kës Eê-X-i-Ÿ-qñù G-náöi Eªê-¼ï-÷i A-T-Ÿò F-ªñ lê-mï-iñÈ A-÷h-jï¼ -Yñ-T-Ÿïi l-kï-i-dñ-Èï-Jw l-kïi ÷Eê-ˆñ-J-qñù C-ˆú Yñ-T-Ÿï-öl-Oþ-Yê-Xú F.-Vï.-fï.- C-Ÿ-öE-öiê-ªï-öE A-ªú -d-T-Oþñ-lï-ˆï-këê-iï-jñ-ªñ-öl-Ëïv F-ê-Jñ-hê-iï-jñ-ªñ ÷J-j-q-Œï-öus zï-Yï?- b-Eh-Ôï m-Ë-j-Eê-jê-i-X-Eñù -hñ-Ká-h-Ôï-¼ñù A-Yê-÷kê-Oï-¼êu ÷dê-kñù là.- ÷J-j-qù öY-ûï-÷dçê-Jñ-hê-iï-jñ-ªñ.-

j-&-J-Óêt oò-ˆú-÷J-oïv ÷Eê-ˆñ-öJ-ˆñ-J-qñ-hê-iï l-ªñ-Eïv-¼ñ-÷œêw,- A-Oáñ-Yê-E>-Eñù dï-X-sê-iï-¼ñù -A-oò-i-öJê-ûú J-¯ñ-Jê-Xê-Yê-lñ-J-iê-Xú.- ÷J-j-qù J-Tù-lê-Ÿï j-&-ödç-Tñ-ª-Yú A-lt-¼ñ J-ûñ-Jò-Tê.- J-T-ö¼-Xï-iïv -lð-Xñ-÷dê-Jñ-h-÷¦.- 26,000 ÷Jê-Tï-jòd C-Yñ-l-öj J-Tù lê-Ÿï J-T-¼-T-kïv Yê-rú-ªñ-öJê-ûï-jï-¼ñª ÷J-j-q-öŒ 3000÷Jê-Tï-iñ-öT -F.-Vï.-fï.-Yñ-jñ-œïv dï-Tï-dçï-Oþñ j-&-ödç-Tñ-Œñ-J-iê-Xú m-Ë-j-Eê-jê-i-X-öus-iñù Bus-Xï-iñ-öT-iñù d-jï-dê-Tï.- C-Yñ-öJê-ûñù -j-&-ödç-Tñ-ªï-ökë-Ëïv A-TñŒ C-T-Yñ-hñ-ª-Xï L-l-ö´-ûñ-l-jñ-÷œêw ÷l-ösê-jñ 5000 ÷Jê-Tï lê-Ÿï-÷¼ê-öˆ.- F.-Vï.-fï.-iï-ökë-Ëïv,- -öl-÷s Eï-j-l-bï-iñ-ûú A-ê-jê^ ÷fë-Vú J-œ-Eï-Jw.-

C-¦-iñù Jñ-sƒ d-kï-m-Àú J-Tù Y-jñª ÷fë-Vñ-Jw ÷l-ös-iï-ökë-ªê-Xú b-Eh-Ôï d-s-iñ-ª-Yú.- G-rñ -m-Y-hê-EŒï-Eú ÷l-ös-iê-jñ-Y-jñù lê-iç ?- C-á-iï-kê-jñù Y-jï-kë.- A-÷h-jï-¼-iï-kñù h-šñù Eê-k-j-m-Y-hê-Ehê-Xú -d-kï-m-Eï-j-ö¼-ªñù Oï-kt d-s-iñ-ªñ-ûú,- B-iï-÷¼ê-È-öˆ.- kê-g-öhê-ªñù C-këê-öY a-jï-Î-lê-oï-J-öq o-pê-iï-¼êu -F.-Vï.-fï ET-Œñ-ª-Yú h-a-t-öY-÷j-o-öiê-ªñ-h-kë-÷këê.-

Eï-j--j-hê-iï J-Tù lê-Ÿï-iêv hñ-Tï-ƒñ-÷dê-Jñ-öh-ªú ‹-Yï-d-&-Œï-jï-¼ñª oê-œ-Œï-J-mê-£-É-Óêt-¼ú hê-¦-÷h -÷Yê-ªê-sñ-Èò.- g-j-X-Œï-ök-Œï-iêvA-Ÿ-öE ÷Yê-ªñ-J-÷i C-kë.- A-÷h-jï-¼-iïv Eï-ªú C-á Y-k-Ÿñù lï-k-Ÿñù J-Tù lê-Ÿï-iï-jñ-ª-Yú A-÷h-jï-¼-öi -dê-qð-oê-¼êu ÷l-ûï-iê-öXª oï-Šê-ù G-Yú oê-œ-ŒïJ mê-£-É-Eê-Xú j-Oï-Oþï-jñ-ª-Yú?- öJ-iïu-÷oê A-kë -`lï-öJ-iu'-÷oê?-


World Bank Loan too!

As if the ADB loan is not enough (to destroy the state), now there is the World Bank, the master crook and money lender of the World, also in the picture. Recorded history shows that no country has ever come up as a result of World Bank Loan. The loan will bribe some officials and politicians, create some local millionnairs, but eventually destroy the state. Kerala will end up borrowing more to repay the old loan. Here is the news as it appeared in 16th March 2002

tIc-f-¯n\v 1300 tImSn-bpsS temI-_m¦v hmbv] A\p-h-Zn¨p

Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw: tIc-f-¯n\v 1300 tImSn cq]-bpsS temI-_m¦v hmbv] A\p-h-Zn¨p. tdmUv, I\m hnI-k-\-¯n\pw tdmUv kpc-£-bv¡p-am-bmWv Cu XpI sNe-h-gn-¡p-¶Xv. hmbv] A\p-h-Zn-¨p-sIm-WvSpÅ ktµiw C¶se Xncp-h-\-´-]p-c¯p e`n¨p.

kwØm-\s¯ 600 Intem-ao-äÀ tdmUv hoXn-Iq-«p-¶-Xn\pw Bbncw Intem-ao-äÀ tdmUnsâ Aä-Ip-ä-¸-Wn-IÄ XoÀ¡p-¶-Xn-\p-ap-Å-XmWv ]²Xn. IqSmsX \qdp Intem-ao-äÀ Pe-]mX hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw ]²-Xn-bn ]Ww A\p-h-Zn-¨n-«pWvSv. tdmUvkp-c-£bv¡pw hnhn[ ]²-Xn-IÄ CXnsâ `mK-ambn \S-¸m¡pw.

temI-_m-¦nsâ A´n-am-\p-aXn e`n-¨-tXmsS \nÀam-W-{]-hÀ¯-\-§Ä Ft¸mÄ thW-sa-¦nepw Bcw-`n-¡m³ Ignbpw. Pq¬ H¶p-ap-X temI-_m-¦nÂ\n-¶pÅ XpI e`n-¨p-Xp-S§pw. Bbncw Intem-ao-äÀ tdmUv _e-s¸-Sp-¯Â{]-hÀ¯-\-§Ä aq¶p-hÀj-¯n-\-Ihpw hoXn-Iq-«Â {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä A©p-hÀj-¯n-\-Ihpw ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡n-bn-cn-¡-W-sa-¶mWv hyhØ.

BsI 1300 tImSn cq]-bpsS hmbv]-bmWv temI-_m-¦nÂ\n¶p e`n-¡p-¶Xv. CXp-Iq-SmsX tIcfw ]²-Xn-¡p-thWvSn 400 tImSn-tbmfw cq] sNe-h-gn-¡Ww.

hoXn-Iq-«p¶ tdmUp-I-fpsS Unssk-\p-I-fpw-aäpw CXn-\-Iw-Xs¶ ]qÀ¯n-bm-bn-«pWvSv. Fw.kn. tdmUv, Be-¸pgþN§-\m-ticn tdmUv, ]p\-eqÀþaqhm-äp-]pg tdmUv, XriqÀþIpän-¸pdw tdmUv, sjmÀWqÀþ ]me-¡mSv tdmUv, Xe-ticnþhf-hp-]md tdmUv, ]m¸n-\n-ticnþ]nem-¯d tdmUv, ImkÀtKmUvþImª-§mSv tdmUv XpS-§n-bh hoXn-Iq-«p¶ tdmUp-I-fn DÄs¸Spw. _e-s¸-Sp-¯Â {]hÀ¯-\-§-fpsS `mK-ambn Bbncw Intem-ao-äÀ tdmUv doSmÀ sN¿pw.

Be-¸pgþtIm«bw, tIm«bwþssh¡w Pe-]m-X-I-fpsS hnI-k-\-amWv Dt±-in-¡p-¶Xv. CXp-Iq-SmsX tdmUv ]t{Sm-fnw-Kn\v t]meo-kn\v hml\w hm§p-¶-Xn\pw aäv B[p-\nI kÖo-I-c-W-§Ä¡pw ]Ww e`n¡pw. ss{UhÀamÀ¡v ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\pw hnZym-`ym-k-Øm-]-\-§-fn DÄs¸sS t_m[-h-XvI-c-W-{]-hÀ¯-\-§Ä \S-¯p-¶-Xn\pw Cu XpI hn\n-tbm-Kn-¡m-hp-¶-XmWv. tIc-f-¯n tdmU-]-I-S-§Ä hÀ[n-¨p-h-cp¶ kml-N-cy-¯n-emWv tdmUv kpc-£-bv¡mbn {]tXyI ^WvSv \ÂIp-¶Xv.

1997þ XpS-§n-h¨ {]hÀ¯-\-§-fpsS ^e-am-bmWv Ct¸mÄ hmbv] A\p-h-Zn-¨n-«p-ÅXv. 99 s^{_p-h-cn-bn Unssk-\nwKv tPmen-IÄ Bcw-`n¨p. Ct¸mÄ sS³UÀ \S-¯n-s¡m-WvSn-cn-¡p-I-bmWv.

temI-_m¦v hmbv]-bpsS A´n-a-L« NÀ¨-bv¡mbn s]mXp-a-cm-a¯v {]n³kn-¸Â sk{I-«dn _m_p tP¡-_nsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯n-epÅ kwLw Ign-ª-amkw hmjnw-KvS-Wn hni-Z-amb NÀ¨-IÄ \S-¯n-bn-cp¶p.

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