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The Plaintiff
Personal History: (Anticipate every question in the answers to Interrogatories being
posed again!) The following questions are just some of the questions a defense attorney
can ask a personal injury plaintiff. We obtained these questions from a list prepared by
insurance companies and given to their defense attorneys.
Name in Full
- Given Name
- Name on Birth Certificate
- Ever Used Any Other Name
- If Plaintiff Female
- Any Name When Married
- Previous Names By Marriage
- Nicknames or Names by Which Generally Known
Day, Month & Year of Birth
- Place of Birth
- Ever Given Any Other Day of Birth
- If So, Why
Schooling:
- What schools attended
- What schools graduated
- When left such school
- Any special training schools
- High schools
- Special Training in military service
Past Employment:
- First job after leaving school
- Names, Addresses of employers
- If small corporation, who was owner
- Is company still in business
- Present address
- Actual reason for leaving, resigned, discharged
- Stated reason to employer for leaving
- Ever left employment or changed place of employment for reasons of health
- What employer plan or hospitalization if any, what insurance company
Present Employment if not Employee of Defendant:
- When first employed
- Was any condition of health concealed from present employer or any employer
- If so, what and why
- Any workmen's compensation benefits ever received from present employer
- Any hospitalization or medical services furnished by employer or employers or insurance
company
Condition of Health Prior to Accident:
- Name of Regular Family Doctor
- Doctor normally called by plaintiff or members of family when necessary
- Present and past addresses of such doctor still in practice
- Physical conditions for which treated or examined by such doctor
- Any regular physical checkups by such doctor
- Physical examination if any by present employer by past employers
- Ever hospitalized for any condition of health
Ever X-Rayed:
- If so, what hospitals, when, where, what condition of health, period of stay, period of
disability from work
- Ever have any prior condition of health causing pain in any part of body, when, what
part of body
- Ever have numbness, tingling, dizziness any trouble with eye sight, hearing, breathing,
maintaining balance, and pain in area
Claim History:
- Ever have accident/injury for which claim was made by plaintiff or against plaintiff
- Ever received any money from any insurance company for claimed personal illness or
accident
- Any health insurance (even if no claim)
- What company at present
- Any other companies in the past
- Any benefits received from other company
Life Insurance:
- Medical examinations for life insurance
- When, where, what doctor
- Names of companies with which policies >presently held or formerly held
- Ever rejected on application for life insurance
Family History:
- Married or single
- Name of wife, husband
- Ever divorced
- Names of previous wives, husbands
- Former residences
- Place where divorce occurred
- Present name of previous spouse
- Children
- Age of children
- Residence of children
- Children by other marriages
- Any dependent children
Driver's License:
- What state, when issued
- Record number & date of issue
- Any restrictions on license
- Ever have license suspended
- Ever licensed in other states which was suspended or restrictions
Criminal record:
- Ever been arrested
- Ever jailed
- Ever suspended sentence
- Ever convicted of felony
- Ever placed on probation
- Driving license ever suspended for traffic violation for other reasons
Personal Habits:
- Use of alcohol
- Frequency
- Any alcohol on day of accident
- Any alcohol within 24 hours before accident
Personal Information:
- Ever wear glasses for reading or generally
- Where glasses obtained
- Reason for wearing glasses
- Name of doctor prescribing glasses
- Have glasses recently been
- changed since accident
- Same glasses now as before accident
- Why not
- Glasses broke in accident
- Glasses on person in accident
Previous earning:
- Employment at time of accident
- Hourly rate of pay
- Normal rate of pay
- Normal working hours
- Overtime
- Average yearly earnings
- Average monthly earnings presented paid
- Average paycheck take home
- Previous earnings from other employers
- Present rate of pay
If plaintiff not returned to employment:
- Rate of pay presently being paid for or a time of accident
- Any earnings from second jobs
- Any earnings from self-employment
- Any past earnings from any source
- Any past income from any source
Military Service:
- When and where registered for military service
- If deferred, for what reason
- Classification
- Draft Card
- Social Security Number
- If in service :
- serial number
- place entered service
- place discharged from service
- Request authorization to obtain records
- Army
- Navy
- Veteran's Bureau
- Selected Service records
- Any disability payment at present or ever
- Date of discharge
- Does plaintiff have copy of discharge papers
Ability to read:
- Inquire as to schooling
- If schooling limited inquire as to ability to read on asking questions about eyesight
- Does Plaintiff have any difficulty in reading newspapers, books and letters from friends
THE ACCIDENT/MEDICALS:
- Location:
- Exact location, if possible
- Landmarks
- Special objects in vicinity
- Is condition of area the same now
- What changes
- Was condition of area the same on other occasions before accident
- Any special condition on day of accident
- Familiarity of plaintiff with the area
- Prior to accident any different condition noted
- How frequently is plaintiff in area
Conditions in area:
- Lighting
- If artificial lights, were lights on
- Any light bulbs missing
- Any unusual condition of lighting nor normal
- Any obstructions to visibility
- Darkness, smoke, haze, clouds, dust, sun in eyes, raining, frosty, dampness, mud,
slippery
- If wears glasses, was plaintiff wearing glasses at time of accident: sun glasses or
goggles.
The Accident
Plaintiffs full story of the accident in narrative form and then in chronological order
After Plaintiff has related inquire into circumstance.
Plaintiff's Oral Statements:
Did plaintiff tell anyone how accident happened immediately after the accident
If so, who, when
Did person informed make any responses as to knowledge of accident, or any comments as
to conditions surrounding accident
If another employee involved in accident, any conversation with any employee
Court rules on deposition 2002:
RULE 4:14. DEPOSITIONS UPON ORAL EXAMINATION
4:14-1. When Depositions May Be Taken
Except as otherwise provided by R. 4:14-9(a), after
commencement
of the action, any party may take the testimony of
any person, including a party, by deposition upon
oral
examination. Leave of court, granted with or without notice,
must be obtained only if the plaintiff seeks to take
a deposition
prior to the expiration of 35 days after service of the
summons and complaint upon the defendant by any
manner, except
that leave is not required if the defendant has
already served a notice of taking deposition or
otherwise sought
discovery. The attendance of witnesses may be
compelled by subpoena as provided in R. 4:14-7. The
deposition of
a person confined in prison may be taken only by
leave of court on such terms as the court prescribes.
Note: Source-R.R. 4:16-1. Former rule deleted and new R. 4:14-1 adopted
July 14, 1972 to be effective September 5, 1972
(formerly R. 4:10-1); amended July 21, 1980 to be effective September 8,
1980; amended July 10, 1998 to be effective
September 1, 1998; amended July 5, 2000 to be effective September 5,
2000.
4:14-2. Notice of Examination; General Requirements; Deposition of
Organization
(a) Notice. Except as otherwise provided by R.
4:14-9(b), a party
desiring to take the deposition of any person upon
oral examination shall give not less than 10 days
notice in
writing to every other party to the action. The notice shall
state the time and place for taking the deposition,
which shall
be reasonably convenient for all parties, and the name and
address of each person to be examined, if known, and,
if the name
is not known a general description sufficient to
identify the person or the particular class or group
to which the
person belongs. If a defendant fails to appear or answer
in any civil action within the time prescribed by
these rules,
depositions may be taken without notice to that defendant.
(b) Time. The court may for cause shown enlarge or
shorten the
time for taking the deposition.
(c) Organizations. A party may in the notice name as
the deponent
a public or private corporation or a partnership or
association or governmental agency and designate with
reasonable
particularity the matters on which examination is
requested. The organization so named shall designate
one or more
officers, directors, or managing agents, or other
persons who consent to testify on its behalf, and may
set forth
for each person designated the matters on which
testimony will be given. The persons so designated
shall testify
as to matters known or reasonably available to the
organization.
(d) Production of Things. The notice to a party
deponent may be
accompanied by a request made in compliance with
and in accordance with the procedure stated in R.
4:18-1 for the
production of documents and tangible things at the
taking of the deposition.
Note: Source-R.R. 4:20-1. Former rule deleted and new R. 4:14-2 adopted
July 14, 1972 to be effective September 5, 1972
(formerly in R. 4:10-1 and 4:14-1); paragraph (a) amended July 21, 1980
to be effective September 8, 1980; paragraphs (a) and
(c) amended July 13, 1994 to be effective September 1, 1994.
4:14-3. Examination and Cross-Examination; Record of Examination; Oath;
Objections
(a) Examination and Cross-Examination. Examination
and
cross-examination of deponents may proceed as permitted in
the trial of actions in open court, but the
cross-examination
need not be limited to the subject matter of the examination
in chief.
(b) Oath; Record. The officer before whom the
deposition is to be
taken shall put the witness on oath and shall
personally, or by some one acting under the officer's
direction
and in the officer's presence, record the testimony of the
witness. The testimony shall be recorded and
transcribed on a
typewriter unless the parties agree otherwise.
(c) Objections. No objection shall be made during the
taking of a
deposition except those addressed to the form of a
question or to assert a privilege, a right to
confidentiality or
a limitation pursuant to a previously entered court order.
The right to object on other grounds is preserved and
may be
asserted at the time the deposition testimony is proffered
at trial. An objection to the form of a question
shall include a
statement by the objector as to why the form is
objectionable so as to allow the interrogator to
amend the
question. No objection shall be expressed in language that
suggests an answer to the deponent. Subject to R.
4:14-4, an
attorney shall not instruct a witness not to answer a
question unless the basis of the objection is
privilege, a right
to confidentiality or a limitation pursuant to a previously
entered court order. All objections made at the time
of the
examination to the qualifications of the officer taking the
deposition or the person recording it, or to the
manner of taking
it, or to the evidence presented, or to the conduct of
any party, and any other objection to the
proceedings, shall be
noted by the officer upon the deposition. Evidential
objections to a videotaped deposition of a treating
physician or
expert witness which is taken for use in lieu of trial
testimony shall be made and proceeded upon in
accordance with R.
4:14-9(f).
(d) No Adjournment. Except as otherwise provided by
R. 4:14-4 and
R. 4:23-1(a) all depositions shall be taken
continuously and without adjournment unless the court
otherwise
orders or the parties and the deponent stipulate
otherwise.
(e) Written Questions. In lieu of participating in an
oral
examination, parties may serve written questions in a sealed
envelope on the party taking the deposition and that
party shall
transmit them to the officer, who shall propound them
to the witness and record the answers verbatim.
(f) Consultation With the Deponent. Once the deponent
has been
sworn, there shall be no communication between the
deponent and counsel during the course of the
deposition while
testimony is being taken except with regard to the
assertion of a claim of privilege, a right
toconfidentiality or a
limitation pursuant to a previously entered court order.
Note: Source-R.R. 4:16-3, 4:20-3. Paragraphs (b), (d) and (e) amended
July 14, 1972 to be effective September 5, 1972
(Paragraph (a) formerly R. 4:10-3); paragraph (c) amended July 21, 1980
to be effective September 8, 1980; paragraphs (b) and
(e) amended July 13, 1994 to be effective September 1, 1994; paragraph
(c) amended and paragraph (f) added June 28, 1996 to
be effective September 1, 1996.
4:14-4. Motion or Application to Terminate or Limit Examination or for
Sanctions
At any time during the taking of the deposition, on
formal motion
or telephone application to the court of a party or of
the deponent and upon a showing that the examination
or any part
thereof is being conducted or defended in bad faith
or in such manner as unreasonably to annoy, embarrass
or oppress
the deponent or party, or in violation of R.
4:14-3(c) or (f), the court may order the person
conducting the
examination to cease forthwith from taking the
deposition, or may limit the scope and manner of the
taking of
the deposition as provided in R. 4:10-3. If the order
made terminates the examination, it shall be resumed
thereafter
only upon further order of the court in which the action
is pending. Upon demand of the objecting party or
deponent, the
taking of the deposition shall be suspended for the
time necessary to make a motion or telephone
application for an
order. The provisions of R. 4:23-1(c) shall apply to
the award of expenses incurred in making or defending
against the
motion or telephone application.
Note: Source-R.R. 4:20-4. Amended July 14, 1972 to be effective
September 5, 1972; amended June 28, 1996 to be effective
September 1, 1996.
4:14-5. Submission to Witness; Changes; Signing
If the officer at the taking of the deposition is a
certified
shorthand reporter, the witness shall not sign the deposition. If
the officer is not a certified shorthand reporter,
then unless
reading and signing of the deposition are waived by
stipulation of the parties, the officer shall request
the
deponent to appear at a stated time for the purpose of reading
and signing it. At that time or at such later time as
the officer
and witness agree upon, the deposition shall be submitted
to the witness for examination and shall be read to
or by the
witness, and any changes in form or substance which the
witness desires to make shall be entered upon the
deposition by
the officer with a statement of the reasons given by the
witness for making them. The deposition shall then be
signed by
the witness. If the witness fails to appear at the time
stated or if the deposition is not signed by the
witness, the
officer shall sign it and state on the record the fact of the
witness' failure or refusal to sign, together with
the reason, if
any, given therefor; and the deposition may then be used
as fully as though signed, unless on a motion to
suppress under
R. 4:16-4(d) the court holds that the reasons given for
the refusal to sign require rejection of the
deposition in whole
or in part.
Note: Source-R.R. 4:20-5. Amended July 14, 1972 to be effective
September 5, 1972; amended July 13, 1994 to be effective
September 1, 1994.
4:14-6. Certification and Filing by Officer; Exhibits; Copies
(a) Certification and Filing. The officer shall
certify on the
deposition that the witness was duly sworn and that the
deposition is a true record of the testimony. The
officer shall
then promptly file with the deputy clerk of the Superior
Court in the county of venue a statement captioned in
the cause
setting forth the date on which the deposition was
taken, the name and address of the witness, and the
name and
address of the reporter from whom a transcript of the
deposition may be obtained by payment of the
prescribed fee. The
reporter shall furnish the party taking the
deposition with the original and a copy thereof.
Depositions
shall not be filed unless the court so orders on its or a
party's motion. The original deposition shall,
however, be made
available to the judge to whom any proceeding in the
matter has been assigned for disposition at the time
of the
hearing or as the judge may otherwise request. Filed
depositions shall be returned by the court to the
party taking
the deposition after the termination of the action. A
videotaped deposition shall be sealed and filed in
accordance
with R. 4:14-9(d).
(b) Documentary Evidence. Documentary evidence
exhibited before
the officer or exhibits proved or identified by the
witness, may be annexed to and returned with the
deposition; or
the officer shall, if requested by the party producing
the documentary evidence or exhibit, mark it as an
exhibit in the
action, and return it to the party offering the same, and
the same shall be received in evidence as if annexed
to and
returned with the deposition.
(c) Copies. The party taking the deposition shall
bear the cost
thereof and of promptly furnishing a copy of the
transcript to the witness deposed, if an adverse
party, and if
not, to any adverse party. The copy so furnished shall be
made available to all other parties for their
inspection and
copying. Copies of videotaped depositions shall be made and
furnished in accordance with R. 4:14-9(d).
Note: Source-R.R. 4:20-6(a)(b)(c). Paragraph (c) amended July 14, 1972
to be effective September 5, 1972; paragraphs (a) and
(c) amended July 21, 1980 to be effective September 8, 1980; paragraph
(a) amended July 15, 1982 to be effective September
13, 1982; paragraphs (a) and (c) amended July 13, 1994 to be effective
September 1, 1994; paragraph (a) amended June 28,
1996 to be effective September 1, 1996.
4:14-7. Subpoena for Taking Depositions
(a) Form; Contents; Scope. The attendance of a
witness at the
taking of depositions may be compelled by subpoena,
issued and served as prescribed by R. 1:9 insofar as
applicable,
and subject to the protective provisions of R. 1:9-2 and
R. 4:10-3. The subpoena may command the person to
whom it is
directed to produce designated books, papers,
documents or other objects which constitute or
contain evidence
relating to all matters within the scope of examination
permitted by R. 4:10-2.
(b) Time and Place of Examination by Subpoena;
Witness' Expenses.
(1) Fact Witnesses. A resident of this State
subpoenaed for the
taking of a deposition may be required to attend an
examination only at a reasonably convenient time and
only in the
county of this State in which he or she resides, is
employed or transacts business in person, or at such
other
convenient place fixed by court order. A nonresident of this
State subpoenaed within this State may be required to
attend only
at a reasonably convenient time and only in the
county in which he or she is served, at a place
within this State
not more than 40 miles from the place of service, or at
such other convenient place fixed by court order. The
party
subpoenaing a witness, other than one subject to
deposition on notice, shall reimburse the witness for
the
out-of-pocket expenses and loss of pay, if any, incurred in
attending at the taking of depositions.
(2) Expert Witnesses and Treating Physicians. If the
expert or
treating physician resides or works in New Jersey, but
the deposition is taken at a place other than the
witness'
residence or place of business, the party taking the deposition
shall pay for the witness' travel time and expenses,
unless
otherwise ordered by the court. If the expert or treating
physician does not reside or work in New Jersey, the
proponent of
the witness shall either (A) produce the witness, at
the proponent's expense, in the county in which the
action is
pending or at such other place in New Jersey upon which
all parties shall agree, or (B) pay all reasonable
travel and
lodging expenses incurred by all parties in attending the
witness' out-of-state deposition, unless otherwise
ordered by the
court.
(c) Notice; Limitations. A subpoena commanding a
person to
produce evidence for discovery purposes may be issued
only to a person whose attendance at a designated
time and place
for the taking of a deposition is simultaneously
compelled. The subpoena shall state that the
subpoenaed evidence
shall not be produced or released until the date
specified for the taking of the deposition and that
if the
deponent is notified that a motion to quash the subpoena has
been filed, the deponent shall not produce or release
the
subpoenaed evidence until ordered to do so by the court or the
release is consented to by all parties to the action.
The
subpoena shall be simultaneously served no less than 10 days
prior to the date therein scheduled on the witness
and on all
parties, who shall have the right at the taking of the
deposition to inspect and copy the subpoenaed
evidence produced.
If evidence is produced by a subpoenaed witness
who does not attend the taking of the deposition, the
parties to
whom the evidence is so furnished shall forthwith
provide notice to all other parties of the receipt
thereof and of
its specific nature and contents, and shall make it
available to all other parties for inspection and
copying.
Note: Source-R.R. 4:20-1 (last sentence), 4:46-4(a) (b). Paragraphs (a)
and (b) amended July 14, 1972 to be effective September
5, 1972; paragraph (c) adopted November 5, 1986 to be effective January
1, 1987; paragraph (b) recaptioned paragraph (b)(1)
and amended, paragraph (b)(2) adopted and paragraph (c) amended July 14,
1992 to be effective September 1, 1992.
4:14-8. Failure to Attend or Serve Subpoena; Expenses
If the party giving notice of the taking of a
deposition fails to
attend and proceedtherewith and another party attends in
person or by attorney pursuant to the notice, or if
the party
giving the notice fails to serve a subpoena upon a witness
who because of such failure does not attend and
another party
attends in person or by attorney because that party
expects the deposition of that witness to be taken,
the court may
order the party giving the notice to pay to such other
party the reasonable expenses incurred as a result of
attendance
either by the attending party or that party's attorney,
including reasonable attorney's fees.
Note: Source-R.R. 4:20-7(a)(b). Amended July 14, 1972 to be effective
September 5, 1972; amended July 13, 1994 to be
effective September 1, 1994.
4:14-9. Videotaped Depositions
Videotaped depositions may be taken and used in
accordance with
the applicable provisions of these discovery rules
subject to the following further requirements and
conditions:
(a) Time for Taking Videotaped Depositions. The
provisions of R.
4:14-1 shall apply to videotaped depositions except
that such a deposition of a treating physician or
expert witness
which is intended for use in lieu of trial testimony shall
not be noticed for taking until 30 days after a
written report of
that witness has been furnished to all parties. Any party
desiring to take a discovery deposition of that
witness shall do
so within such 30-day period.
(b) Notice. A party intending to videotape a
deposition shall
serve the notice required by R. 4:14-2(a) not less than 30
days prior to the date therein fixed for the taking
of the
deposition. The notice shall further state that the deposition is
to be videotaped.
(c) Transcript. The videotaping of a deposition shall
not be
deemed to except it from the general requirement of
stenographic recording and typewritten transcript.
Prior to the
swearing of the witness by the officer, the name, address
and firm of the videotape operator shall be stated on
the record.
(d) Filing, Sealing, Copies. Immediately following
the conclusion
of the videotaped deposition, the videotape operator
shall deliver the tape to the officer who shall take
physical
custody thereof for the purpose of arranging for the making
of one copy thereof. Upon return to the officer of
the original
and copy of the tape, the officer shall seal and file the
original with the deputy clerk of the Superior Court
in the
county in which the matter is pending and shall deliver the
copy to the party taking the deposition. That party
shall then
furnish a copy of the tape to an adverse party who shall
make it available for copying and inspection to all
other
parties.
(e) Use. Videotaped depositions may be used at trial
in
accordance with R. 4:16-1. In addition, a videotaped deposition
of a treating physician or expert witness, which has
been taken
in accordance with these rules, may be used at trial in
lieu of testimony whether or not such witness is
available to
testify and provided further that the party who has taken
the deposition has produced the witness for further
videotaped
deposition necessitated by discovery completed
following the original videotaped deposition or for
other good
cause. Disputes among partiesregarding the recall of a
treating physician or expert witness shall be
resolved by motion,
which shall be made as early as practicable before trial.
The taking of a videotaped deposition of a treating
physician or
expert witness shall not preclude the party taking the
deposition from producing the witness at trial.
(f) Objections. Where a videotaped deposition of a
treating
physician or expert witness is taken for use at trial in lieu of
testimony, all evidential objections shall, to the
extent
practicable, be made during the course of the deposition. Each
party making such objection shall, within 30 days
following the
completion of the deposition, file a motion for rulings
thereon and all such motions shall be consolidated
for hearing. A
copy of the tape shall be edited in accordance with
said rulings and the copy so edited shall be sealed
and filed
with the clerk after all parties have had the opportunity to
view and copy it.
(g) Cost of Videotaped Depositions. All out-of-pocket
expenses
incurred in connection with a videotaped deposition,
including the making of copies herein required and
the editing of
tapes, shall be borne, in the first instance, by the party
taking the deposition. The cost of court presentation
of the
deposition shall be borne, in the first instance, by the party
offering the deposition.
(h) Record on Appeal. Where a videotaped deposition
is used at
trial, a typewritten transcript thereof shall be included
in the record on appeal. The videotape itself shall
not
constitute part of the record on appeal except on motion for good
cause shown.
Note: Adopted July 21, 1980 to be effective September 8, 1980; paragraph
(e) amended June 29, 1990 to be effective
September 4, 1990; paragraph (c) amended July 13, 1994 to be effective
September 1, 1994; paragraph (d) amended June 28,
1996 to be effective September 1, 1996.
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