| History |
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| 1913- Natives Land Act of 1913 creates African Reserves Land between "white" and "black" South Africans. 87 % of the land is considered "white." SANNC sent a petition to Britain protesting the land act, however nothing was changed. |
| 1919- SANN Congress protested the pass laws that had been in existence since 19th century. A huge protest because of low wages in Port Elizabeth. At the protest civilians fire into the crowd. President of the Women's League of the SANNC, Mrs. Charlotte Maxeke, forms a delegation, she procedes in convincing the Prime Minister to modify the pass law system. |
| 1920- White rule is protested by Industrial and Commercial Workers Union of Africa. It is also supported by agricultural labourers, but also involved workers from the cities and reserves as well. It becomes a mass movement. |
| 1921- Unrest among the Africans becomes more violent. The Communist Party of South Africa is founded, creates a new possibily for type of government. |
| 1922- Smuts institute a Martial law . Violence among the people is very widespread. Smuts protested under the slogan: "Worker of the World, Fight and Unite for a White South African." |
| 1927- Chiefs and headmen are given power in local governments of the Reserves under The Native Administration Act. Communist James La Guma visit the Soviet Union. ANC's shift has become apparent with these visits. |
| 1928- The South African Communist party, was made up of many different races. The Communist party suffered from factionalism. Factionalism is a conflict of groups within a larger group. |
| 1933- Two parties of South Africa were joined together. They were National Party and South African Party they together they created the United Party. The Afrkaner Nationalism is strenghtened as a Bible and is published in Afrikaans. |
| 1936- The Hertzog Bills are reintroduced. Davidson Don Jabavu and Dr. Xuma establish a formal black opposition to the government called The All African Convention. The ANC is very weak. A Natives Bill is passed by South African government. |
| 1939- Hertzog resigns as South Africa declares war on Germany. After Hertzog resigns Smuts become Prime Minister. Most Afrikaners are anti-British and Pro-Nazi. |
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| 1944- Walter Sisulu, Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, Anton Lembede, A.P.Mda, and Jordan Ngubane foundANC Youth League. |
| 1947- Walter Sisulu, Nelson Mandela, and Oliver Tambo reamin important leaders of the black resistance,e. LAmbede dies. A miners' srike is lead by J.B. Marks. |
| 1948- Apartheid became the government institution. With D.F. Malan as Prime Minister. National Party is created by election victory. |
| 1949- Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act is passed. This act prohibited blacks from marrying whites as well as any other race in South Africa. However it was manly focused towards black and white intermarriage. |
| 1950- Population Registration Act is enforced. Along with Immorality Act, Group Areas Act, and Suppression of Communism Act. An emergency confernce is called in response to the Suppression of Communism Act. Delegates from the South African Indian Congress, APO, African National Congress and Communist Party were all present at this meeting. |
| 1953- Education for Africans was to be only servants and Labourers under the Bantu Education Bill. The Congress Alliance is established: The Colored People's Congress, the Congress of Democrats, the South African Congress of Trade unions, South African Indian Congress, and African National Congress were included. |
| 1956- Rioutous Assemblies Act is passed to stop mass opposition. August 9 Mass Women's March and Rally, which is later made into by the new democratic governmat as South African Women's Day. |
| 1959- "Homelands" were established because Bantu Self- Government was reaffirmed. These "homelands" were 13% of the country and the most barren and sometimes not even all together. They were supposedly based on ethnicity. Bantustans were not considered "independent nations" by the United Nations or the rest of the world. |
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