MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
1) The best
definition of the outer edge of the continental shelf is that place where
__________.
A) the water depth reaches 100 fathoms
B) the gradient becomes very gentle
C) it meets an oceanic ridge
D) a rapid steepening of the gradient occurs
E) none of these
2) The discovery
of black smokers at the ocean ridges was important because these features help
explain how important __________ deposits form.
A) metal-rich sulfide
B) oil
C) gypsum
D) coal
E) rock salt
3) Located within
the continental margin are deep, steep-sided valleys known as __________.
A) continental rises
B) continental shelves
C) ocean basins
D) continental slopes
E) submarine canyons
4) The upper part
of the ocean into which sunlight penetrates is the __________ zone.
A) abyssal B)
photic C) aphotic D) benthic E)
energy
5) Seamounts
__________.
A) are volcanoes that form on the ocean floor
B) are a special type of oceanic trench
C) are submarine canyons found near Australia
D) form only in the Pacific Ocean basin
E) none of these
6) Most available
information favors the view that submarine canyons on the continental slope
have been generated by __________.
A) faulting
B) streams when sea level was much lower than it is today
C) submarine glaciation
D) streams when sea level was much higher than it is
today
E) turbidity currents
7) Which one of
the following is NOT a requirement for coral reef growth?
A) warm water
B) abundant amounts of suspended sediment
C) shallow water
D) abundant sunlight
8) "Black
smokers" are associated with __________.
A) metal-rich sulfide deposits
B) oceanic ridges
C) hot water
D) all of these
E) only oceanic ridges and hot water
9) The Coriolis
effect __________.
A) is greatest near the equator
B) exists only in the Northern Hemisphere
C) is caused by the Earth's rotation
D) applies only to tides
E) results in the ocean's surface currents conforming
exactly to the prevailing wind patterns
10) The gently
sloping submerged surface extending from the shoreline toward the deep ocean is
termed the __________.
A) submarine canyon
B) continental shelf
C) continental slope
D) continental rise
E) ocean basin
11) The speed of
sound in the ocean has been measured to determine changes in __________ of the
ocean.
A) temperature
B) volume
C) salinity
D) density
E) none of these
12) Animals
capable of moving independently of the ocean currents, by swimming or other
means of propulsion, are called __________.
A) plankton B)
nekton
C) benthos organisms D)
biomass
13) The total
amount of solid material dissolved in water is known as __________.
A) total dissolved solids B) solute
C) salinity D)
load
14) A rapid change
in density with depth in the ocean is called the __________.
A) isocline
B) homocline
C) thermocline
D) pycnocline
E) barocline
15) Technically,
algae are called __________.
A) nektoplankton B)
bioplankton C) phytoplankton
D) zooplankton
16) Organisms,
such as algae and bacteria, that drift with ocean currents are known as
__________.
A) benthos organisms
B) plankton
C) biomass
D) nekton
E) none of these
17) Most marine
animals live near the surface of the ocean because of __________, which
supports photosynthesis by marine algae that form the basis of the food chain.
A) warmer temperatures B)
sunlight
C) air D) all of
these
18) Density in
seawater is determined by __________.
A) temperature B)
salinity C) both A and B D) none of these
19) Open ocean of
any depth where animals swim or float freely is known as the __________ zone.
A) benthic B)
unrestricted C) abyssal D) pelagic
20) The __________
zone is the near-surface zone of the ocean where light is strong enough for
photosynthesis to occur.
A) aphotic B)
euphotic C) photic D) synphotic
21) The mass of
all living organisms on Earth is called the __________.
A) biomass B)
nekton
C) plankton D)
benthos organisms
22) Because of the
Coriolis effect, surface ocean currents are deflected to the __________ of
their path of motion in the Southern Hemisphere.
A) left B) right
23) When waves
reach shallow water, they are often bent and tend to become parallel to the
shore. This process is referred to as __________.
A) translation
B) abrasion
C) refraction
D) reflection
E) oscillation
24) Which of the
following is correct regarding a wave in the open ocean?
A) Such waves are called waves of oscillation.
B) The wave form moves forward but the water particles do
not advance appreciably.
C) Water particles move in an almost circular path.
D) all of these
E) only B and C
25) A sand bar
that completely crosses a bay, closing it off from the open ocean is a
__________.
A) tombolo
B) sea stack
C) coastal barrier
D) sea arch
E) none of these
26) The daily
tidal range is greatest during __________ tide.
A) spring
B) neap
C) ebb
D) either ebb or neap
E) none of these
27) When there is
a single high tide and a single low tide each tidal day, the pattern is described
as __________.
A) diurnal B)
semidiurnal C) mixed D) none of these
28) Chesapeake Bay
and Delaware Bay __________.
A) are former river valleys that were flooded by a rise
in sea level
B) are associated with a submergent coast
C) are excellent examples of large estuaries
D) all of these
E) only are associated with a submergent coast and are
former river valleys that were flooded by a rise in sea level
29) Two cities are
located at the same latitude (40degree). City A is in the Southern Hemisphere
and City B is in the Northern Hemisphere. Assume the two cities reflect the
general characteristics of the hemispheres where they are located. Which city
should have the largest annual temperature range?
A) City A
B) City B
C) Both should have nearly identical annual temperature
ranges.
30) This process
involves mass movement within a substance.
A) convection
B) radiation
C) conduction
D) all of these
E) none of these
31) Earth receives
energy from the Sun in this way.
A) conduction
B) radiation
C) convection
D) all of these
E) none of these
32) The tropopause
is __________.
A) an advertisement for Coca Cola in the tropics
B) the layer of high ozone concentration
C) the boundary between tropical and polar air masses
D) the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere
E) the boundary between the troposphere and mesosphere
33) Ozone is
concentrated in the __________.
A) stratosphere
B) troposphere
C) mesosphere
D) ionosphere
E) thermosphere
34) Early in
January, Earth is closer to the Sun than at any other time of year. This
position is referred to as __________.
A) revolution B)
albedo C) aphelion D) equinox E)
perihelion
35) On the average,
for every 1 km increase in altitude in the troposphere, the air temperature
__________.
A) rises about 6.5degreeC
B) rises by day and drops by night
C) decreases about 6.5degreeC
D) remains unchanged for the first 500 meters and then
decreases
E) none of these
36) The amount of
water vapor in the air (by volume) usually does not exceed __________.
A) 14% B) 100%
C) 4% D)
40% E) 28%
37) Desalination
is associated with __________.
A) extraction of magnesium from seawater
B) volcanic outgassing
C) the formation of manganese nodules
D) the creation of fresh water
E) none of these
38) Graded bedding
is characterized by __________.
A) an unsorted mixture of many different sediment sizes
B) an increase in sediment size from bottom to top
C) being found only on the continental slope off the
Newfoundland coast
D) a decrease in sediment size from bottom to top
39) Charles Darwin
was first to explain how reef-building organisms that require shallow, sunlit
water could create reef complexes extending for thousands of meters below sea
level. Darwin hypothesized that __________.
A) as sea level rose during the Pleistocene, these
organisms kept pace by building the reef complex upward
B) in contrast to modern forms, ancient reef-building
organisms could, in fact, live in deep, cold water
C) as volcanic islands with fringing coral reefs began to
sink, these organisms kept pace by building the reef complex upward
D) as sea level dropped during the onset of the ice age,
these organisms built the reef in what is presently much deeper water
40) Which of the
following is associated with mid-ocean ridges?
A) volcanic structures
B) greater heat flow than occurs in other parts of the
ocean
C) mountainous topography
D) rift valleys
E) all of these
41) Graded bedding
is characterized by __________.
A) an unsorted mixture of many different sediment sizes
B) being found only on the continental slope off the
Newfoundland coast.
C) an increase in sediment size from bottom to top
D) a decrease in sediment size from bottom to top
42) Productivity
is highest in __________.
A) polar oceans B)
temperate oceans C) tropical
oceans
43) A rapid change
in temperature with depth in the ocean is called the __________.
A) homocline
B) thermocline
C) isocline
D) barocline
E) pycnocline
44) The proportion
of dissolved substances in seawater is expressed as 0/00 which is the same as
__________.
A) parts per million B)
parts per thousand C) parts per
hundred
45) Salinity in
the ocean is highest in regions where __________ is high and __________ is low.
A) evaporation; precipitation B) precipitation; temperature
C) temperature; evaporation D) precipitation; evaporation
46) Which one of
the following is a landform created by wave erosion?
A) spit
B) estuary
C) breakwater
D) tombolo
E) sea arch
47) The movement
of water within the surf zone that parallels the shore is called __________.
A) salinity current
B) longshore current
C) tidal current
D) rip current
E) beach drift
48) The movement
of sand parallel to the shore __________.
A) is an important reason for the construction of groins
B) is created by waves approaching at an oblique angle
C) may create spits
D) is achieved by longshore currents
E) all of these
49) A
poleward-moving ocean current is __________.
A) cold
B) warm
C) warm in the Northern Hemisphere and cold in the
Southern Hemisphere
D) cold in the Northern Hemisphere and warm in the
Southern Hemisphere
50) A very
important control of the daily range of air temperature is __________.
A) the amount of water vapor in the air
B) air pressure
C) Earth's elliptical orbit
D) parallelism and inclination of Earth's axis
E) wind velocity
51) Which one of
the gases listed below is more important meteorologically (that is, is more
important in weather processes) than the others?
A) argon
B) oxygen
C) carbon dioxide
D) nitrogen
E) hydrogen
52) The dew point
is the temperature at which __________.
A) cumulus clouds change to cumulonimbus clouds
B) water vapor condenses to a liquid
C) hailstones are formed
D) water in the liquid state changes to vapor
E) none of these
53) Directly
seaward of the continental shelf is a more steeply sloping region known as the
__________.
A) continental slope
B) continental shelf
C) continental rise
D) submarine canyon
E) ocean basin
54) Which one of
the following is NOT part of a passive continental margin?
A) continental slope B)
continental shelf
C) continental trench D)
continental rise
55) Thermoclines
in the ocean are best developed at __________.
A) regions close to continents B) both high and low latitudes
C) lower latitudes D)
higher latitudes
56) If the maximum
temperature for a particular day is 26degreeC and the minimum temperature is
14degreeC, the daily mean would be __________.
A) 20degreeC
B) 40degreeC
C) 12degreeC
D) 13degreeC
E) The daily mean cannot be determined with the data
provided.
57) "Anvil
head" is a term applied to __________.
A) cumulonimbus clouds
B) all clouds that form on the windward side of a
mountain
C) any high cloud
D) nimbostratus clouds
E) none of these
58) The
development of this instrument greatly enhanced our knowledge of the ocean
floor.
A) submarine transit
B) tuzometer
C) infrared opscanner
D) pulsar
E) echo sounder
59) The upper part
of the ocean into which sunlight penetrates is called the __________ zone.
A) mixing B)
thermal C) life D) photic
60) Chesapeake Bay
is an excellent example of a(n) __________.
A) estuary
B) coastal barrier
C) emergent coastline
D) all of these
E) both estuary and emergent coastline
61) On the
average, how much of the Sun's energy that is intercepted by Earth is reflected
back to space?
A) 10% B) 20%
C) 40% D) 50% E)
30%
62) This fog
results from adiabatic cooling.
A) precipitation fog
B) upslope fog
C) radiation fog
D) advection fog
E) steam fog