I. Minerals: the building
blocks of rocks
A. Mineral definition
B. Mineraloid
- lacks an orderly internal structure
C. Rocks are aggregates
(mixtures) of minerals
II. Composition and
structure of minerals
A. Elements
B. Atoms
III. How atoms are
constructed
A.
Nucleus, which contains
B.
Energy levels, or shells
C. Atomic number is the
number of protons in an atom's nucleus
D. Bonding of atoms
E. Isotopes
IV. Minerals
A. Properties of
minerals
1. Crystal form
2. Luster
3. Color
4. Streak
5. Hardness
6. Cleavage
7. Fracture
8. Specific
gravity
9. Other
properties
B. A few dozen minerals
are called the rock-forming minerals
1.
The eight elements that compose most
rock-forming minerals are
2.
Most abundant atoms in Earth's
crust are
C. Mineral groups
1. Rock-forming
silicates
a. Most
common mineral group
b. Contain
the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron
c. Groups
based upon tetrahedron arrangement
d. Feldspars
are the most plentiful mineral group
e.
Crystallize from molten material
2. Nonsilicate minerals
\
a. Major
groups
b. Carbonates
c. Halite
and gypsum are found in sedimentary rocks
d. Many have
economic value
D. Mineral resources