| Kazakhstan or Kazakstan officially Republic of Kazakhstan Country, Central Asia. Area: 1,052,090 sq mi (2,724,900 sq km). Population (2002 est.): 14,884,000.
Capital: Astana. Kazakhs, a Turkic-speaking people who are the region's
original inhabitants. Kazakhstan climate continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid Kazakhstan economy Kazakhstan, the second largest of the former Soviet republics in territory, possesses enormous untapped fossil fuel reserves as well as plentiful supplies of other minerals and metals. It also has considerable agricultural potential with its vast steppe lands accommodating both livestock and grain production. Kazakhstan's industrial sector rests on the extraction and processing of these natural resources and also on a relatively large machine building sector specializing in construction equipment, tractors, agricultural machinery, and some defense items. The breakup of the USSR and the collapse of demand for Kazakhstan's traditional heavy industry products have resulted in a sharp contraction of the economy since 1991, with the steepest annual decline occurring in 1994. In 1995-97 the pace of the government program of economic reform and privatization quickened, resulting in a substantial shifting of assets into the private sector. The December 1996 signing of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium agreement to build a new pipeline from western Kazakhstan's Tengiz oil field to the Black Sea increases prospects for substantially larger oil exports in several years. Kazakhstan's economy turned downward in 1998 with a 2.5% decline in GDP growth due to slumping oil prices and the August financial crisis in Russia. A bright spot in 1999 was the recovery of international oil prices, which, combined with a well-timed tenge devaluation and a bumper grain harvest, pulled the economy out of recession. Kazakhstan environment radioactive or toxic chemical sites associated with its former defense industries and test ranges are found throughout the country and pose health risks for humans and animals; industrial pollution is severe in some cities; because the two main rivers which flowed into the Aral Sea have been diverted for irrigation, it is drying up and leaving behind a harmful layer of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then picked up by the wind and blown into noxious dust storms; pollution in the Caspian Sea; soil pollution from overuse of agricultural chemicals and salination from poor infrastructure and wasteful irrigation practices Kazakhstan background During the 1950s and 1960s Soviet citizens were urged to settle the "New Lands" of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. The influx of immigrants (mostly Russians, but including some deported minority nationalities) skewed the ethnic mixture and enabled non-Kazakhs to outnumber natives. Independence has caused many of these newcomers to emigrate. Current issues include: resolving ethnic differences; speeding up market reforms; establishing stable relations with Russia, China, and other foreign powers; and developing and expanding the country's abundant energy resources. Kazakhstan disputes Caspian Sea boundaries are not yet determined among Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan; Russia leases approximately 6,000 sq km of territory enclosing the Baykonur Cosmodrome Kazakhstan administrative divisions 14 oblystar (singular - oblysy) and 3 cities (qala, singular - qalasy)*; Almaty, Almaty*, Aqmola (Astana), Aqtobe, Astana*, Atyrau, Batys Qazaqstan (Oral), Bayqongyr*, Mangghystau (Aqtau; formerly Shevchenko), Ongtustik Qazaqstan (Shymkent), Pavlodar, Qaraghandy, Qostanay, Qyzylorda, Shyghys Qazaqstan (Oskemen; formerly Ust'-Kamenogorsk), Soltustik Qazaqstan (Petropavl), Zhambyl (Taraz; formerly Dzhambul) |
|
Astana |
|
�@
|
Almaty |
|
Satellite images of
|
|
 |
 |
Nursultan Nazarbayev - president of Kazakhstan
 |
 |
 |
|
with
a president of China
|
Social
activities
|
with
a president of Poland
|
 Mayor of Almaty, Imangali Tasmagambetov |
 Jarmahan Tuyakbay, the powerful opposition leader |
 Dariga Nazarbayeva, opera singer, Leader of Asar party |
 Kasymjomart Tokayev, Foreign Minister of Kazakstan |
 Derbis Ali, Supreme Mufti of the Republic of Kazakhstan |
 mr. Mashkevich, the chief of Jew Congress of Kazakstan (right) |
 Mayra Muhammed Kyzy Opera singer |
 Danial Ahmetov, Prime Minister of Kazakstan (left) |
 (from left to right) mr.Jandosov, a former Finance Minister and mr. Abdildin a leader of Communist Party |
see also - Kazakhstan
Special Weapons
The latest historical and costly action movie, to read discriptoion
click here
|
Business, Commerce, Economy |
|||
| Agency of
the Republic of Kazakhstan on Statistics This site gives access to current and historical statistics about Kazakhstan. |
||||
| BISNIS (Business Information
Service for the Newly Independent States Maintained by the U.S. Department of Commerce, BISNIS is the U. S. Government's primary resource center for companies exploring in Russia and other newly independent state which were formerly part of the USSR. |
||||
| American Chamber of Commerce
of Kazakhstan The web site of the Office of the American Chamber of Commerce in Kazakhstan. |
||||
| European
Community's Relations with Kazakhstan A guide to the relations of Kazakhstan with the European Community. |
||||
| International Monetary Fund The IMF is an �eorganization of 183 member countries, established to promote international monetary cooperation, exchange stability, and orderly exchange ; to foster economic growth and high levels of employment; and to provide temporary financial assistance to countries to help ease balance of payments adjustment.' A search by country will yield reports on the IMF's initiatives and programs in it. |
||||
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs of
Kazakhstan The official web page of the Kazakh Ministry of Foreign Affairs. |
||||
| Official web site of the
President of Kazakhstan An official web site covering all aspects of Kazakh culture, politics and economics. |
||||
| Oil
and Politics in Kazakhstan by Martha Brill Olcott An article on the oil industry in Kazakhstan by a leading American scholar of Kazakhstan. |
||||
| United States Trade Representative As "America's chief trade negotiator" and advisor to the President of the United States on trade policy, the USTR and the Agency itself work with other bodies, such as the World Trade Organization to create new job opportunities for American business, workers and agricultural producers." A search by country yields news, regulations, reports and initiatives on the United States' and USTR's dealings with it. |
||||
| United States. Department
of Commerce. International Trade Administration (ITA) A branch of the US department of Commerce, the ITA site offers trade statistics, export data, publications and reports on a variety of issues related to international trade. |
||||
| The World Bank Group A search by country yields numerous English language reports on the economic development of regions of the world and the World Bank Groups' advice, initiatives and warnings concerning them. |
||||
| World Trade Organization Headquartered in Switzerland the WTO, made up of member governments from around the globe, is dedicated to topics concerning international trade and development. Its English language �ewebsite contains material for a range of users, from the general public to students, academics and trade specialists. It includes introductions to WTO activities and a large database of official documents.' |
||||
| Yahoo! Finance - Currency
Conversion This service provided by Yahoo offers up-to-the-minute universal conversion rates of all foreign currencies. |
||||
| Yellow
Pages Kazakhstan A comprehensive listing of business and cultural entities in Kazakhstan. |
||||
|
|
Media and Communications |
|||
| The Almaty Herald An English Language newspaper from Almaty, the chief city of Kazakhstan. |
||||
| Internet
Public Library of Kazakhstan A website giving access to newspapers published in Kazakhstan in English, Kazakh and Russian. |
||||
| Kazakh
newspapers on-line A site providing access to newspapers from Kazakhstan. |
||||
| Kazakhstan
Resource Page A general resource page covering all aspects of Kazakh life and history. |
||||
| Newspapers
Kazakhstan A website giving access to English Language newspapers from Kazakhstan. |
||||
| Khabar TV channel National TV & Radio station |
||||
| Nursat Internet ISP Company & more |
||||
| Kazak
Telecom National Post-Telegraf and ISP Company |
||||
| Kazakhstan News A site offering comprehensive news coverage of events in Kazakhstan. |
||||
| Welcome to Kazakhstan This site offers information on Kazakhstan, its history, culture and current conditions. |
||||
|
|
Society |
|||
| Open
Directory Portal Page on Islam The Open Directory Projects portal page on Islam offers hundreds of citations on various aspects of Islam as practiced around te globe, as well as sites which contain the complete Arabic and English texts of the Koran. Kazakhstan is a country the majority of whose population is nominally Muslim. |
||||
| Islam All about Islam in Kazakstan. |
||||
| Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch is an independent, non-governmental organization, supported by contributions from private individuals and foundations worldwide.' Search its records for reports on the human rights records, abuses, etc. of any given country. |
||||
| Encyclopedia.com
From the Electronic Library, searching the Encyclopedia.com by country provides numerous narrative articles on, inter alia, its history, culture, politics. |
||||
| Jews
of Kazakhstan The web site of the Jewish community in Kazakhstan. |
||||
| The
History of the Republic of Qazaqstan This site provides information about the history of Kazakhstan from the earliest times until the present. |
||||
|
|
Search Engines |
|||
| Gateway
to Kazakhstan A comprehensive index to all subjects concerning Kazakhstan. |
||||
| Kazakhstan
Subject Index An index of web sites and web pages prepared by Columbia University. |
||||
| Google.kz Most powerful search engine in Kazakstan |
||||
|
|
National Security |
|||
| CIA
-- The World Factbook The CIA Fact book, an annual publication of the CIA, contains up-to-date information on all aspects of the political, social and military history of a particular country. It is often, faute de mieux, the best narrative source on such topics. |
||||
| Federation of American Scientists
The Federation of American Scientists (FAS) �eis the oldest organization dedicated to ending the worldwide arms race, achieving complete nuclear disarmament, and avoiding the use of nuclear weapons for any purpose.' Whatever one's views are on its goals, a search of the site yields valuable information on a country's armament found only with difficulty elsewhere. |
||||
|
|
Libraries and Archives |
|||
| Columbia
University Library Columbia University Library has significant holdings about Kazakhstan and the Kazakhs. Language. |
||||
| Indiana University
Library Indiana University Library has significant holdings about Kazakhstan and the Kazakhs. |
||||
| UCLA
Library Collections & Internet Resources The UCLA Library has one of the most extensive collections of materials related to Kazakhstan. |
||||
| University of Washington
Library The University of Washington Library has significant holdings about Kazakhstan and the Kazakhs. |
||||
|
|
Geography and Environment |
|||
| UT library
online, Perry-Castaneda The University of Texas' Perry Castaneda Library Map collection here offers a variety of historical, geological and political maps of Kazakhstan. |
||||
| United States. Library
of Congress. Geography and Map Division Website of one of the largest map repository in the world. |
||||
|
|
Embassies |
|||
| Embassy World
A search of the index of this database yields all the embassies and missions both in a particular country and from that country to others throughout the world. |
||||
|
|
Personal pages |
|||
| �@ | ||||
Also you may get alternative info about Kazakhstan from many trusted web sources:Domestic web sites Foreign web sites or direct to ask a Google at http://answers.google.com/ (Paid service) An additional useful sources which might related with Kazakhstan |
Kazakhstan as definition in other languages |
||
|
Kazak (original) | Qazaqstan Respublikasy, Kazakstan Respublikasy is also available |
|
Japanese | �J�U�t�X�^��, �����A�W�A�ɂ��鋤�a���i���\�A�̈ꕔ�j |
|
English | Republic of Kazakhstan |
|
Russian | Respublika Kazahstan |
|
Turkish | Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti |
|
|
Astana city
