War and Peace

Tolstoy, " War and Peace", Penguin Popular Classics, 1997
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Andrew:�Q��ߥ\�ط~�A��h�B�ç��A��Austerlitz�@�бq��k�^�A�lıNapoleon��^��p�B�Ԫ�
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Pierre:��ä@��B�S��H�ͥؼЪ��ŷQ�̡A��~��B�èϥL�W�o�A�[�J�@�ٷ|�ϥL��ͩR�]��H��P�R�ӥR��
�C��L�n��`�A��oı��Natasha��R��~�ĵo�A��h�o��Y�O��i�઺�C�L�t��Napoleon��p�e��ѡA�Q
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Natasha��B��A��ô��|�ﭲ�A��կ��K�F�ҡC

Natasha:�ѯu��A��PDoris�n�n�A�ӫ��Denisov��D�B�C�PAndrew�۷R�Ϧo��֡A��o��@��
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�~�y�L��ɡC��A�]��w��۱��A�ӻPPierre��B�A�B��ߦb�a�x�C

Sonya:��ۥ��H�묹�N�h�A�L�l�]�j�A��Nicholas�̫��٬O�ݤW�㦳�믫�ʪ�Mary�A�P�ɦb�a�ڸg��O�H
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1.Pierre�Ʀܥ��@��s�g��q�d�G��l�C(p.1234)
2.Andrew��ӥu�D�a�A(p.282)�A�ӫ��Ƶ��(p.313)�A��ۤv�Ӭ�(p.414)�A�̫�RNatasha��h(p.1017,
p.1083)�C
3.Pierre��h�ì��A�ܦ��l�D��F�ۥ�(p.1218)�C

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1.Napoleon�D�u�^��A�ꬰ�ɶդ��w�C�L��~�ʥX�A�٤��W�Ѥ~�A�Ŧ��v�O��C
2.Kutuzov�N�x��h�o�F��ëD�L�i�A�ꬰ�z�ʤ��@��C�L�b��Z��j�A�O�u�^��C
3.�k�x��Q�ꬰ�T��Moscow��A�ɭP�ۨ��G�ƩҭP�C
4.�X�x��\�A�ëD�Ѥ~�A�ꬰ�ζըϵM�C
5.�X�x�W�h��t��Y��C
6.��٦P��ķZ��~��A��U�U��Q�C
7.�W�h��R�O�q��u��Q��C

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1.��v��O�q�A�D�X�H��N�өү�M�w�C
2.Freedom & Inevitability: �v�Ǭ�s��̡A�e�̤��i��C�v�ǥت��b�󴬱�e�̡A�H�R��{�ѩ|��
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��But whether because stupidity was just what was needed to run such a salon, or because those
who were deceived found pleasure in the deception, at any rate it remained unexposed and Helene
Bezukhova's reputation as a lovely and clever woman became so firmly established that she could
say the emptiest and stupidest things and everybody would go into raptures over every word of
hers and look for a profound meaning in it of which she herself had no conception.(6-9,p.477)
�]�M��ܷ��F�P�ɤ]�O��N�N�k�H��ب�^

��"How can people be dissatisfied with anything?" thought Natasha. "Especially such a capital
fellow as Bezukhov!" In Natasha's eyes all the people at the ball alike were good, kind, and
splendid people, loving one another; none of them capable of injuring another- and so they ought
all to be happy.(6-17,p.501)�]�ּ֪��H�^

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��"But was it really not possible for Kutuzov to state his views plainly to the Emperor? Is it
possible that on account of court and personal considerations tens of thousands of lives, and my
life, my life," he thought, "must be risked?"(3-12,p.281)�]�ּƤH�M�w�ƸU�H�R�B�^

��Life meanwhile- real life, with its essential interests of health and sickness, toil and rest,
and its intellectual interests in thought, science, poetry, music, love, friendship, hatred, and
passions- went on as usual, independently of and apart from political friendship or enmity with
Napoleon Bonaparte and from all the schemes of reconstruction.(6-1,p.453)�]�ͩR��P��y��¡A��
�ħڡ^

��The Bible legend tells us that the absence of labor- idleness- was a condition of the first
man's blessedness before the Fall. Fallen man has retained a love of idleness, but the curse
weighs on the race not only because we have to seek our bread in the sweat of our brows, but
because our moral nature is such that we cannot be both idle and at ease. An inner voice tells us
we are in the wrong if we are idle. If man could find a state in which he felt that though idle
he was fulfilling his duty, he would have found one of the conditions of man's primitive
blessedness. And such a state of obligatory and irreproachable idleness is the lot of a whole
class- the military. The chief attraction of military service has consisted and will consist in
this compulsory and irreproachable idleness.(7-1,p.531)�]��J�H�o�b��u�@��A�^

��ԮɤE�j��G�z�׬��B��Ȭ��B��J��B�D�M��B�H�B�H�B�O�Ӭ��B�ȧQ��B��[��(p.698)

��marauders....(11-,p.990)�]�X��T�̡^

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��Prince Andrew glanced at Kutuzov's face only a foot distant from him and involuntarily noticed
the carefully washed seams of the scar near his temple, where an Ismail bullet had pierced his
skull, and the empty eye socket. "Yes, he has a right to speak so calmly of those men's death,"
thought Bolkonski.(2-13,p.179)�]�u��g��L��`�A�~��ͦ��`�^

��"Not take prisoners," Prince Andrew continued: "That by itself would quite change the whole war
and make it less cruel. As it is we have played at war- that's what's vile! We play at
magnanimity and all that stuff. Such magnanimity and sensibility are like the magnanimity and
sensibility of a lady who faints when she sees a calf being killed: ��she is so kind-hearted that
she can't look at blood, but enjoys eating the calf served up with sauce. They talk to us of the
rules of war, of chivalry, of flags of truce, of mercy to the unfortunate and so on. It's all
rubbish! I saw chivalry and flags of truce in 1805; they humbugged us and we humbugged them. They
plunder other people's houses, issue false paper money, and worst of all they kill my children
and my father, and then talk of rules of war and magnanimity to foes!�� Take no prisoners, but
kill and be killed! He who has come to this as I have through the same sufferings..."(10-
25,p.857)�]��Ԫ��O�ݻšA��H��i��^

��"But what is war? What is needed for success in warfare? What are the habits of the military?
The aim of war is murder; the methods of war are spying, treachery, and their encouragement, the
ruin of a country's inhabitants, robbing them or stealing to provision the army, and fraud and
falsehood termed military craft. The habits of the military class are the absence of freedom,
that is, discipline, idleness, ignorance, cruelty, debauchery, and drunkenness. And in spite of
all this it is the highest class, respected by everyone. All the kings, except the Chinese, wear
military uniforms, and he who kills most people receives the highest rewards.(10-25,p.857)�]�x�H
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��It was evident that Kutuzov despised cleverness and learning and even the patriotic feeling
shown by Denisov, but despised them not because of his own intellect, feelings, or knowledge- he
did not try to display any of these- but because of something else. He despised them because of
his old age and experience of life. (10-15,p.821)�]�g��ө��ѡ^

��Prince Andrew, listening to this polyglot talk and to these surmises, plans, refutations, and
shouts, felt nothing but amazement at what they were saying. A thought that had long since and
often occurred to him during his military activities- the idea that there is not and cannot be
any science of war, and that therefore there can be no such thing as a military genius- now
appeared to him an obvious truth. "What theory and science is possible about a matter the
conditions and circumstances of which are unknown and cannot be defined, especially when the
strength of the acting forces cannot be ascertained? No one was or is able to foresee in what
condition our or the enemy's armies will be in a day's time, and no one can gauge the force of
this or that detachment. Sometimes- when there is not a coward at the front to shout, 'We are cut
off!' and start running(9-11,p.708)�]�x�ƵL�Ѥ~�^

��"Yes, I have been much blamed," he said, "both for that war and the peace... but everything
came at the right time. Tout vient a point a celui qui sait attendre.* And there were as many
advisers there as here..." he went on, returning to the subject of "advisers" which evidently
occupied him. "Ah, those advisers!" said he. "If we had listened to them all we should not have
made peace with Turkey and should not have been through with that war. Everything in haste, but
more haste, less speed. Kamenski would have been lost if he had not died. He stormed fortresses
with thirty thousand men.�� It is not difficult to capture a fortress but it is difficult to win
a campaign. For that, storming and attacking but ��patience and time are wanted. Kamenski sent
soldiers to Rustchuk, but I only employed these two things and took more fortresses than Kamenski
and made the but eat horseflesh!" He swayed his head. "And the French shall too, believe me," he
went on, growing warmer and beating his chest, "I'll make them eat horseflesh!" And tears again
dimmed his eyes.(10-16,p.823)�]�� patience and time�^�]�𫰩��Ӿ��^

*"Everything comes in time to him who knows how to wait."

��"They must understand that we can only lose by taking the offensive. ��Patience and time are my
warriors, my champions," thought Kutuzov. He knew that an apple should not be plucked while it is
green. It will fall of itself when ripe, but if picked unripe the apple is spoiled, the tree is
harmed, and your teeth are set on edge. Like an experienced sportsman he knew that the beast was
wounded, and wounded as only the whole strength of Russia could have wounded it, but whether it
was mortally wounded or not was still an undecided question. Download the easiest screen capture
(print screen) program. Free trial Now by the fact of Lauriston and Barthelemi having been sent,
and by the reports of the guerrillas, Kutuzov was almost sure that the wound was mortal. But he
needed further proofs and it was necessary to wait.

"They want to run to see how they have wounded it. Wait and we shall see! Continual maneuvers,
continual advances!" thought he. "��What for? Only to distinguish themselves! As if fighting were
fun. They are like children from whom one can't get any sensible account of what has happened ��
because they all want to show how well they can fight. But that's not what is needed now.(13-
17,p.1129)�]�H�Ԥ�ԡA�ӫD�n�ԡ^

��Kutuzov like all old people did not sleep much at night. He often fell asleep unexpectedly in
the daytime, but at night, lying on his bed without undressing, he generally remained awake
thinking.(13-17,p.1128)�]�ѡA�o��k��^

��I consider that on us tomorrow's battle will depend and not on those others.... Success never
depends, and never will depend, on position, or equipment, or even on numbers, and least of all
on position."
"But on what then?"
"On the feeling that is in me and in him," he pointed to Timokhin, "and in each soldier."
(10-25,p.855)�]�h��O��^

��From the battlefield adjutants he had sent out, and orderlies from his marshals, kept galloping
up to Napoleon with reports of the progress of the action, but all these reports were false, both
because it was impossible in the heat of battle to say what was happening at any given moment and
because many of the adjutants did not go to the actual place of conflict but reported what they
had heard from others; and also because while an adjutant was riding more than a mile to Napoleon
circumstances changed and the news he brought was already becoming false. (10-33,p.884)�]�H�_�ǳ_
��^

��He listened to the reports that were brought him and gave directions when his subordinates
demanded that of him; but when listening to the reports it seemed as if he were not interested in
the import of the words spoken, but rather in something else- in the expression of face and tone
of voice of those who were reporting. By long years of military experience he knew, and with the
wisdom of age understood, that it is impossible for one man to direct hundreds of thousands of
others struggling with death, and he knew that the result of a battle is decided not by the
orders of a commander in chief, nor the place where the troops are stationed, nor by the number
of cannon or of slaughtered men, but by that intangible force called�� the spirit of the army,
and he watched this force and guided it in as far as that was in his power.(10-35,p.891)�]��ա^

��"Russia's ancient and sacred capital!" he suddenly said, repeating Bennigsen's words in an
angry voice and thereby drawing attention to the false note in them. "Allow me to tell you, your
excellency, that that question has no meaning for a Russian." (He lurched his heavy body
forward.) "Such a question cannot be put; it is senseless! The question I have asked these
gentlemen to meet to discuss is ��a military one. The question is that of saving Russia. Is it
better to give up Moscow without a battle, or by accepting battle to risk losing the army as well
as Moscow? That is the question on which I want your opinion," and he sank back in his chair.(7-3
,p.918)�]��L�O�@�ӫ��A�󤧥i�]�^

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��"As there's no one to fall in love with on campaign, he's fallen in love with the Tsar," he
said.
"Denisov, don't make fun of it!" cried Rostov. "It is such a lofty, beautiful feeling, such a..."
"I believe it, I believe it, fwiend, and I share and appwove..."
"No, you don't understand!"
And Rostov got up and went wandering among the campfires, dreaming of what happiness it would be
to die- not in saving the Emperor's life
(he did not even dare to dream of that), but simply to die before his eyes. He really was in love
with the Tsar and the glory of the Russian arms and the hope of future triumph. And he was not
the only man to experience that feeling during those memorable days preceding the battle of
Austerlitz: nine tenths of the men in the Russian army were then in love, though less
ecstatically, with their Tsar and the glory of the Russian arms.(3-10,p.273)�]�Ԥh�P�ӫ��ʷR��
�ҡ^

��But as a youth in love trembles, is unnerved, and dares not utter the thoughts he has dreamed
of for nights, but looks around for help or a chance of delay and flight when the longed-for
moment comes and he is alone with her, so Rostov, now that he had attained what he had longed for
more than anything else in the world, did not know how to approach the Emperor, and a thousand
reasons occurred to him why it would be inconvenient, unseemly, and impossible to do so.(3-
18,p.307)�]�b�ӫҭ��e��^

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��Every Russian looking at Moscow feels her to be a mother; every foreigner who sees her, even if
ignorant of her significance as the mother city, must feel her feminine character, and Napoleon
felt it......

"A town captured by the enemy is like a maid who has lost her honor," thought he (he had said so
to Tuchkov at Smolensk). From that point of view he gazed at the Oriental beauty he had not seen
before. It seemed strange to him that his long-felt wish, which had seemed unattainable, had at
last been realized. In the clear morning light he gazed now at the city and now at the plan,
considering its details, and the assurance of possessing it agitated and awed him.(11-19,p.963)�]
��p�Q��}�[�j�ɪ��B�k�A�ӫD�X��H��ˡ^

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��"For what, for whom, must I kill and be killed?....You may go and kill whom you please, but I
don't want to do so any more!"By evening this thought had ripened in every soul.(p.904)

��Rostov was always thinking about that brilliant exploit of his, which to his amazement had
gained him the St. George's Cross and even given him a reputation for bravery, and there was
something he could not at all understand. "So others are even more afraid than I am!" he thought.
"So that's all there is in what is called heroism! And heroism! And did I do it for my country's
sake? And how was he to blame, with his dimple and blue eyes? And how frightened he was! He
thought that I should kill him. Why should I kill him? My hand trembled. And they have given me a
St. George's Cross.... I can't make it out at all."(9-15)�]��ӾԡH�^

��v�GNapoleon

��(It seemed to Napoleon that the chief import of what was taking place lay in the personal
struggle between himself and Alexander.) "From the height of the Kremlin- yes, there is the
Kremlin, yes- I will give them just laws; I will teach them the meaning of true civilization, I
will make generations of boyars remember their conqueror with love. I will tell the deputation
that I did not, and do not, desire war, that I have waged war only against the false policy of
their court; that I love and respect Alexander and that in Moscow I will accept terms of peace
worthy of myself and of my people. I do not wish to utilize the fortunes of war to humiliate an
honored monarch.(11-19,p.964)�]�H�ѩ񬰦W�^

��They were not alarmed by the fact that Moscow had been abandoned by its inhabitants (grave as
that fact seemed), but by the question how to tell the Emperor- without putting him in the
terrible position of appearing ridiculous- that he had been awaiting the boyars so long in vain:
that there were drunken mobs left in Moscow but no one else. (11-19,p.965)�]�ū��p�^

��For that, only very simple and easy steps were necessary: not to allow the troops to loot, to
prepare winter clothing- of which there was sufficient in Moscow for the whole army- and
methodically to collect the provisions, of which(according to the French historians) there were
enough in Moscow to supply the whole army for six months. Yet Napoleon, that greatest of all
geniuses, who the historians declare had control of the army, took none of these steps.
He not merely did nothing of the kind, but on the contrary he used his power to select the most
foolish and ruinous of all the courses open to him. (13-8,p.1104)�]��Ѥ��|�u��@�Ӧ]��^

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��Without each of these causes nothing could have happened. So all these causes- myriads of
causes- coincided to bring it about. And so there was no one cause for that occurrence, but it
had to occur because it had to. Millions of men, renouncing their human feelings and reason, had
to go from west to east to slay their fellows, just as some centuries previously hordes of men
had come from the east to the west, slaying their fellows.�]�Ҧ��]�t�ʤ@��i�^

The actions of Napoleon and Alexander, on whose words the event seemed to hang, were as little
voluntary as the actions of any soldier who was drawn into the campaign by lot or by
conscription. (9-1,p.665)�]��}�[�M�p�h�L�@�˳��O��v�ƥ󪺰t��^

��We are forced to fall back on fatalism as an explanation of irrational events (that is to say,
events the reasonableness of which we do not understand). The more we try to explain such events
in history reasonably, the more unreasonable and incomprehensible do they become to us.

Each man lives for himself, using his freedom to attain his personal aims, and feels with his
whole being that he can now do or abstain from doing this or that action; but as soon as he has
done it, that action performed at a certain moment in time becomes irrevocable and belongs to
history, in which it has not a free but a predestined significance.(9-1,p.665)�]�J�R�ת��߳��^

��Man lives consciously for himself, but is an unconscious instrument in the attainment of the
historic, universal, aims of humanity. A deed done is irrevocable, and its result coinciding in
time with the actions of millions of other men assumes an historic significance. The higher a man
stands on the social ladder, the more people he is connected with and the more power he has over
others, the more evident is the predestination and inevitability of his every action.�]��ı��
�v�i�{�^

"The king's heart is in the hands of the Lord."

A king is history's slave.�]��O��v��AHegel��^

History, that is, the unconscious, general, hive life of mankind, uses every moment of the life
of kings as a tool for its own purposes.(9-1,p.665-6)

��Alexander refused negotiations because he felt himself to be personally insulted. Barclay de
Tolly tried to command the army in the best way, because he wished to fulfill his duty and earn
fame as a great commander. Rostov charged the French because he could not restrain his wish for a
gallop across a level field; and in the same way the innumerable people who took part in the war
acted in accord with their personal characteristics, habits, circumstances, and aims. They were
moved by fear or vanity, rejoiced or were indignant, reasoned, imagining that they knew what they
were doing and did it of their own free will, but ��they all were involuntary tools of history,
carrying on a work concealed from them but comprehensible to us. Such is the inevitable fate of
men of action, and the higher they stand in the social hierarchy the less are they free.�]�H�@��
��v��u��^

The actors of 1812 have long since left the stage, their personal interests have vanished leaving
no trace, and nothing remains of that time but its historic results.(10-1,p.755)

��Napoleon's historian Thiers, like other of his historians, trying to justify his hero says that
he was drawn to the walls of Moscow against his will. He is as right as other historians who look
for the explanation of historic events in the will of one man; he is as right as the Russian
historians who maintain that Napoleon was drawn to Moscow by the skill of the Russian commanders.
Here besides the law of retrospection, which regards all the past as a preparation for events
that subsequently occur, the law of reciprocity comes in, confusing the whole matter. ��A good
chessplayer having lost a game is sincerely convinced that his loss resulted from a mistake he
made and looks for that mistake in the opening, but forgets that at each stage of the game there
were similar mistakes and that none of his moves were perfect. He only notices the mistake to
which he pays attention, because his opponent took advantage of it. How much more complex than
this is the game of war, which occurs under certain limits of time, and where it is not one will
that manipulates lifeless objects, but everything results from innumerable conflicts of various
wills!(10-7,p.785)�]��骺��~�A�D�@�H�ү�P�^

��He(Kutuzov) understands that there is something stronger and more important than his own will,
the inevitable course of events, and he can see them and grasp their significance....(p.824)

��In giving and accepting battle at Borodino, Kutuzov acted involuntarily and irrationally. But
later on, to fit what had occurred, the historians provided cunningly devised evidence of the
foresight and genius the generals who, of all the ��blind tools of history were the most
enslaved and involuntary.

The ancients have left us model heroic poems in which the heroes furnish the whole interest of
the story, and we are still unable to accustom ourselves to the fact that for our epoch histories
of that kind are meaningless.(p.834)�]�^��v�֬O�S��N�q��^

��v��n��(p.910)

��To study the laws of history we must completely change the subject of our obsevation, must
leave aside kings, ministers, and generals, and study the common, infinitesimally small elements
by which the massed are moved.(p.911)�]�߶}�Ҥ��N�۪��F�v�v�^

��Why did it happen in this and not in some other way?
Because it happened so!" Chance created the situation; genius utilized it", says history.(p.1248)
�]��ɾ��ݾ��|�гy�A�^��u�|�Q�ήɾ��^

��A bee settling on a flower has stung a child. And the child is afraid of bees and declares that
bees exist to sting people. A poet admires the bee sucking from the chalice of a flower and says
it exists to suck the fragrance of flowers. A beekeeper, seeing the bee collect pollen from
flowers and carry it to the hive, says that it exists to gather honey. Another beekeeper who has
studied the life of the hive more closely says that the bee gathers pollen dust to feed the young
bees and rear a queen, and that it exists to perpetuate its race. A botanist notices that the bee
flying with the pollen of a male flower to a pistil fertilizes the latter, and sees in this the
purpose of the bee's existence. Another, observing the migration of plants, notices that the bee
helps in this work, and may say that in this lies the purpose of the bee. But the ultimate
purpose of the bee is not exhausted by the first, the second, or any of the processes the human
mind can discern. The higher the human intellect rises in the discovery of these purposes, the
more obvious it becomes, ��that the ultimate purpose is beyond our comprehension.�]��m��e��Ĵ��
�G�H��z�ʪ��^

All that is accessible to man is the relation of the life of the bee to other manifestations of
life. And so it is with the purpose of historic characters and nations.(p.1255)�]��O��H�^

��The subjects for history is not man's will itself, but our presentation of it.(p.1332)

��In the present case it is similarly necessaty to renounce a freedon that does not exist, and to
recognize a dependence of which we are not conscious.(p.1344)�]��y�G��ۥ��[�A�P�O��v�W
�h��l�M�^

��For an historian considering the achievement of a certain aim, there are heroes; for the artist
treating of man's relation to all sides of life there cannot and should not be heroes, but still
should be men.(Some words about war and peace,p.1347)�]��^��٭쬰�H�A�O��Ǫ��ȡ^

��v�G�u��

��When the body, washed and dressed, lay in the coffin on a table, everyone came to take leave of
him and they all wept.
Little Nicholas cried because his heart was rent by painful perplexity. The countess and Sonya
cried from pity for Natasha and because he was no more. The old count cried because he felt that
before long, he, too, must take the same terrible step.
Natasha and Princess Mary also wept now, but not because of their own personal grief; they wept
with a reverent and softening emotion which had taken possession of their souls at the
consciousness of the simple and solemn mystery of death that had been accomplished in their
presence.(p.1085)�]�P�ˬO��A�C�ӤH��ʾ��P�G�x�b�B��L�B�w��B��^

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��R��

��"I shall love him always, but let him be free."Isn't that lovely and noble?(p.321)

��Prince Andrew held her hands(Natasha), looked into her eyes, and did not find in his heart his
former love for her. Something in him had suddenly changed; there was no longer the former poetic
and mystic charm of desire, but there was pity for her feminine and childish weakness, fear at
her devotion and trustfulness, and an oppressive yet joyful sense of the duty that now bound him
to her forever. The present feeling, though not so bright and poetic as the former, was stronger
and more serious.(6-23,p.520)�]��Ѽ��@�ئ��@�ؼ��P�d��^

��She recalled her love for Prince Andrew in all its former strength, and at the same time felt
that she loved Kuragin. She vividly pictured herself as Prince Andrew's wife, and the scenes of
happiness with him she had so often repeated in her imagination, and at the same time, aglow with
excitement, recalled every detail of yesterday's interview with Anatole.

"Why could that not be as well?" she sometimes asked herself in complete bewilderment. "Only so
could I be completely happy; but now I have to choose, and�� I can't be happy without either of
them. Only," she thought, "to tell Prince Andrew what has happened or to hide it from him are
both equally impossible. But with that one nothing is spoiled. But am I really to abandon forever
the joy of Prince Andrew's love, in which I have lived so long?"(p.632)�]�b�E��P�ű��ä�^

��Anatole sat at a table frowning and biting his lips.
"After all, you must understand that besides your pleasure there is such a thing as other
people's happiness and peace, and that you are ruining a whole life for the sake of amusing
yourself! Amuse yourself with women like my wife- with them you are within your rights, for they
know what you want of them. They are armed against you by the same experience of debauchery; but
to promise a maid to marry her... to deceive, to kidnap.... Don't you understand that it is as
mean as beating an old man or a child?..."
Pierre paused and looked at Anatole no longer with an angry but with a questioning look.(p.652)�]
�R��F�l�^

��He felt happy and at the same time sad. He had absolutely nothing to weep about yet he was
ready to weep. What about? His former love? The little princess? His disillusionments?... His
hopes for the future?... Yes and no. The chief reason was a sudden, vivid sense of the terrible
contrast between something infinitely great and illimitable within him and that limited and
material something that he, and even she, was. This contrast weighed on and yet cheered him while
she sang.(p.506)�]�F�רæs��P�ʡ^

��"All over?" he repeated. "If I were not myself, but the handsomest, cleverest, and best man in
the world, and were free, I would this moment ask on my knees for your hand and your love!"
For the first time for many days Natasha wept tears of gratitude and tenderness, and glancing at
Pierre she went out of the room.(p.659)�]��̧t�W�o�̦��O��ա^

��It was plain that l'amour which the Frenchman was so fond of was not that low and simple kind
that Pierre had once felt for his wife, nor was it the romantic love stimulated by himself that
he experienced for Natasha. (Ramballe despised both these kinds of love equally: the one he
considered the "love of clodhoppers" and the other the "love of simpletons.") L'amour which the
Frenchman worshiped consisted principally in the unnaturalness of his relation to the woman and
in a combination of incongruities giving the chief charm to the feeling.(p.1005)�]�k�ꦡ��R�G��
�ӫ��۵M��Y�^

��It is not beauty that endears, it's love that makes us see beauty.(p.1272)�]��H��̥X��I�^

��Every day he said to himself one and the same thing: "It is time I understood her and made up
my mind what she really is. Was I mistaken before, or am I mistaken now? No, she is not stupid,
she is an excellent girl," he sometimes said to himself "she never makes a mistake, never says
anything stupid. She says little, but what she does say is always clear and simple, so she is not
stupid. She never was abashed and is not abashed now, so she cannot be a bad woman!" He had often
begun to make reflections or think aloud in her company, and she had always answered him either
by a brief but appropriate remark- showing that it did not interest her- or by a silent look and
smile which more palpably than anything else showed Pierre her superiority. She was right in
regarding all arguments as nonsense in comparison with that smile.

She always addressed him with a radiantly confiding smile meant for him alone, in which there was
something more significant than in the general smile that usually brightened her face.(p.223)�]�@
��R�W�A�@��ƤF�^

��B��

��She was very pretty and sweet, and evidently deeply in love with him, but he was at the period
of youth when there seems so much to do that there is no time for that sort of thing and a young
man fears to bind himself and prizes his freedom which he needs for so many other things. When he
thought of Sonya, during this stay in Moscow, he said to himself, "Ah, there will be, and there
are, many more such girls somewhere whom I do not yet know. There will be time enough to think
about love when I want to, but now I have no time." (4-2,p.324)�]�ڨS�ɶ��^

��"Never, never marry, my dear fellow! That's my advice: never marry till you can say to yourself
that you have done all you are capable of, and until you have ceased to love the woman of your
choice and have seen her plainly as she is, or else you will make a cruel and irrevocable
mistake. Marry when you are old and good for nothing- or all that is good and noble in you will
be lost. It will all be wasted on trifles. Yes! Yes! Yes! Don't look at me with such surprise. If
you marry expecting anything from yourself in the future, you will feel at every step that for
you all is ended, all is closed except the drawing room, where you will be ranged side by side
with a court lackey and an idiot!... But what's the good?..." and he waved his arm.(1-8,p.28)�]�B
�ìO�ع�H�ͪ��O�^

��k�H

��If you only knew what those society women are, and women in general! My father is right.
Selfish, vain, stupid, trivial in everything- that's what women are when you see them in their
true colors! When you meet them in society it seems as if there were something in them, but
there's nothing, nothing, nothing! No, don't marry, my dear fellow; don't marry!" concluded
Prince Andrew.(1-8,p.29)�]��ŵ�^

��but the pleasure given by real women gifted with a capacity to select and absorb the very best
a man shows of himself. Natasha without knowing it was all attention: she did not lose a word, no
single quiver in Pierre's voice, no look, no twitch of a muscle in his face, nor a single
gesture. She caught the unfinished word in its flight and took it straight into her open heart,
divining the secret meaning of all Pierre's mental travail.(15-17,p.1233)�]��b��R�^

��she is so kind-hearted that she can't look at blood, but enjoys eating the calf served up with
sauce. (10-25,p.857)�]��Ԫ��O�ݻšA��H��i��^

�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X

��L

��Just as in the mechanism of a clock, so in the mechanism of the military machine, an impulse
once given leads to the final result; and just as indifferently quiescent till the moment when
motion is transmitted to them are the parts of the mechanism which the impulse has not yet
reached. Wheels creak on their axles as the cogs engage one another and the revolving pulleys
whirr with the rapidity of their movement, but a neighboring wheel is as quiet and motionless as
though it were prepared to remain so for a hundred years; but the moment comes when the lever
catches it and obeying the impulse that wheel begins to creak and joins in the common motion the
result and aim of which are beyond its ken.(p.275)(3-11)�]��ͩR�P��v��L�P�^

��He knew it was Napoleon- his hero- but at that moment Napoleon seemed to him such a small,
insignificant creature compared with what was passing now between himself and that lofty infinite
sky with the clouds flying over it. At that moment it meant nothing to him who might be standing
over him, or what was said of him; he was only glad that people were standing near him and only
wished that they would help him and bring him back to life, which seemed to him so beautiful now
that he had today learned to understand it so differently......

Everything seemed so futile and insignificant in comparison with the stern and solemn train of
thought that weakness from loss of blood, suffering, and the nearness of death aroused in him.
Looking into Napoleon's eyes Prince Andrew thought of the ��insignificance of greatness, the
unimportance of life which no one could understand, and the still greater unimportance of death,
the meaning of which no one alive could understand or explain.(p.311-3)�]��j�P�ͦ��D�^

��"Spring, love, happiness!" this oak seemed to say. "Are you not weary of that stupid,
meaningless, constantly repeated fraud? Always the same and always a fraud? There is no spring,
no sun, no happiness! Look at those cramped dead firs, ever the same, and at me too, sticking out
my broken and barked fingers just where they have grown, whether from my back or my sides: as
they have grown so I stand, and I do not believe in your hopes and your lies."(p.455)�]�q��[�I
�ݤH�@�^

��That terrible question "Why?" "Wherefore?" which had come to him amid every occupation, was now
replaced, not by another question or by a reply to the former question, but by her image......all
his doubts vanished- not because she had answered the questions that had haunted him, but because
his conception of her transferred him instantly to another, a brighter, realm of spiritual
activity in which no one could be justified or guilty- a realm of beauty and love which it was
worth living for. (p.731)(19-19)�]��R��ѵ��F��L�^

��

��You say you can't see a reign of goodness and truth on earth. Nor could I, and it cannot be
seen if one looks on our life here as the end of everything. On earth, here on this earth"
(Pierre pointed to the fields), "there is no truth, all is false and evil; but in the universe,
in the whole universe there is a kingdom of truth, and we who are now the children of earth are-
eternally- children of the whole universe. Don't I feel in my soul that I am part of this vast
harmonious whole? Don't I feel that I form one link, one step, between the lower and higher
beings, in this vast harmonious multitude of beings in whom the Deity- the Supreme Power if you
prefer the term- is manifest? If I see, clearly see, that ladder leading from plant to man, why
should I suppose it breaks off at me and does not go farther and farther? I feel that I cannot
vanish, since nothing vanishes in this world, but that I shall always exist and always have
existed. I feel that beyond me and above me there are spirits, and that in this world there is
truth."

"Yes, that is Herder's theory," said Prince Andrew, "but it is not that which can convince me,
dear friend- life and death are what convince. What convinces is when one sees a being dear to
one, bound up with one's own life, before whom one was to blame and had hoped to make it right"
(Prince Andrew's voice trembled and he turned away), "and suddenly that being is seized with
pain, suffers, and ceases to exist.... Why? It cannot be that there is no answer. And I believe
there is.... That's what convinces, that is what has convinced me," said Prince Andrew.

"Yes, yes, of course," said Pierre, "isn't that what I'm saying?"

"No. All I say is that it is not argument that convinces me of the necessity of a future life,
but this: when you go hand in hand with someone and all at once that person vanishes there, into
nowhere, and you yourself are left facing that abyss, and look in. And I have looked in...."

"Well, that's it then! You know that there is a there and there is a Someone? There is the future
life. The Someone is- God."(p.419)

��v�СG�W��

��Only it seems to me that Christian love, love of one's neighbor, love of one's enemy, is
worthier, sweeter, and better than the feelings which the beautiful eyes of a young man can
inspire in a romantic and loving young girl like yourself....�]�H��R��N�R��^

If I were asked what I desire most on earth, it would be to be poorer than the poorest beggar...
�]��v�Ъ��W�V�ʡ^

the less we seek to fathom�]�A�ѡ^ what He has been pleased to conceal from us, the sooner will
He vouchsafe its revelation to us through His divine Spirit.�]��᪾�I�I�^(1-25,p.96-7)

��What could all that matter in comparison with the will of God, without Whose care not a hair of
man's head can fall.(p.236)�]�S��W�Ҫ��R�O�A�@��Y�v�]��U�ӡ^

��Remember that misfortunes come from God, and men are never to blame.(Princess Mary, p.695)

��ϴ�

��There is nothing certain, nothing at all except the unimportance of everything I understand,
and the greatness of something incomprehensible but all-important.(p.313)�]��z�Ѫ��̭��n�^

��He is not to be apprehended by reason, but by life.(p.380)

��If we admit that human life can be ruled by reason, the possibiblity of life is destroyed.
(p.1248)

��~�w�F��ū

��We often think that by removing all the difficulties of our life we shall more quickly reach
our aim, but on the contrary, my dear sir, it is only in the midst of worldly cares that we can
attain our three chief aims: (1) Self-knowledge- for man can only know himself by comparison, (2)
Self-perfecting, which can only be attained by conflict, and (3) The attainment of the chief
virtue- love of death. Only the vicissitudes of life can show us its vanity and develop our
innate love of death or of rebirth to a new life." (p.475)�]��ǭW��ӱ�ū�^

��The satisfaction of one's needs- good food, cleanliness, and freedom- now that he was deprived
of all this, seemed to Pierre to constitute perfect happiness; and the choice of occupation, that
is, of his way of life- now that that was so restricted- seemed to him such an easy matter that
he forgot that a superfluity of the comforts of life destroys all joy in satisfying one's needs,
while great freedom in the choice of occupation- such freedom as his wealth, his education, and
his social position had given him in his own life- is just what makes the choice of occupation
insolubly difficult and destroys the desire and possibility of having an occupation.(p.1116)�]�]
��h�ӱo��^

��By being ruined I have become much richer.(p.1223)

��"People speak of misfortunes and sufferings," remarked Pierre, "but if at this moment I were
asked: 'Would you rather be what you were before you were taken prisoner, or go through all this
again?' then for heaven's sake let me again have captivity and horseflesh! We imagine that when
we are thrown out of our usual ruts all is lost, but it is only then that what is new and good
begins. While there is life there is happiness. There is much, much before us. I say this to
you," he added, turning to Natasha.

"Yes, yes," she said, answering something quite different. "I too should wish nothing but to
relive it all from the beginning."(p.1234)�]��h�ۥѤϦӤ~��ñ��ۥѡ^

��D��G

��While imprisoned in the shed Pierre had learned not with his intellect but with his whole
being, by life itself, that man is created for happiness, that happiness is within him, in the
satisfaction of simple human needs, and that ��all unhappiness arises not from privation but from
superfluity�]�h�l��^. And now during these last three weeks of the march he had learned still
another new, consolatory truth- that nothing in this world is terrible. He had learned that ��
as there is no condition in which man can be happy and entirely free, so there is no condition in
which he need be unhappy and lack freedom. He learned that suffering and freedom have their
limits and that those limits are very near together; that the person in a bed of roses with one
crumpled petal suffered as keenly as he now, sleeping on the bare damp earth with one side
growing chilled while the other was warming; and that when he had put on tight dancing shoes he
had suffered just as he did now when he walked with bare feet that were covered with sores- his
footgear having long since fallen to pieces. He discovered that when he had married his wife- of
his own free will as it had seemed to him- he had been no more free than now when they locked him
up at night in a stable. Of all that he himself subsequently termed his sufferings, but which at
the time he scarcely felt, the worst was the state of his bare, raw, and scab-covered feet. (The
horseflesh was appetizing and nourishing, the saltpeter flavor of the gunpowder they used instead
of salt was even pleasant; there was no great cold, it was always warm walking in the daytime,
and at night there were the campfires; the lice that devoured him warmed his body.) The one thing
that was at first hard to bear was his feet.(p.1168)�]��J�M�S��ۥѡA�ҥH�]��໡�S��
�ۥѡ^

��h��

��There was a new feature in Pierre's relations with Willarski, with the princess, with the
doctor, and with all the people he now met, which gained for him the general good will. This was
his acknowledgment of the impossibility of changing a man's convictions by words, and his
recognition of the possibility of everyone thinking, feeling, and seeing things each from his own
point of view. This legitimate peculiarity of each individual which used to excite and irritate
Pierre now became a basis of the sympathy he felt for, and the interest he took in, other people.
The difference, and sometimes complete contradiction, between men's opinions and their lives, and
between one man and another, pleased him and drew from him an amused and gentle smile.(p.1222)�]
�q�@��a�h�è�h��a�Y��^

��`

��"The fowls of the air sow not, neither do they reap, yet your Father feedeth them," he said to
himself and wished to say to Princess Mary; "but no, they will take it their own way, they won't
understand! They can't understand that all those feelings they prize so- all our feelings, all
those ideas that seem so important to us, are unnecessary. We cannot understand one another," and
he remained silent.(p.1080)

�󡹡��Love hinders death. Love is life.All everything that I understand, I understand only
because I love.Everything is united by it alone. Love is God, and to die means that I, a particle
of love, shall return to the general and eternal source.(War and Peace,Bk.XII,p.1083,p.1173)

�󡹡��Yes, it was death!I died--and woke up.Yes,death is an awakening.(War and Peace,
Bk.XII,p.1084)

��Kutuzov did not understand what Europe, the balance of power, or Napoleon meant. He could not
understand it. For the representative of the Russian people, after the enemy had been destroyed
and Russia had been liberated and raised to the summit of her glory, there was nothing left to do
as a Russian. Nothing remained for the representative of the national war but to die, and Kutuzov
died.(p.1216)(15-11)�]��a��ݭn�L�F�A�ҥH�L��^

��he(Pierre) had found that peace and inner harmony only through the horror of death, through
privation, and through what he recognised in Karataev.(p.1115)

��ͩR

��Pierre was right when he said one must believe in the possibility of happiness in order to be
happpy, and now I do believe in it. Let the dead bury their dead, but while one has life one must
live and be happy.(p.507)�]�d�[��[�D�q�^

��Sometimes he remembered how he had heard that soldiers in war when entrenched under the enemy's
fire, if they have nothing to do, try hard to find some occupation the more easily to bear the
danger. To Pierre all men seemed like those soldiers, ��seeking refuge from life: some in
ambition, some in cards, some in framing laws, some in women, some in toys, some in horses, some
in politics, some in sport, some in wine, and some in governmental affairs. "Nothing is trivial,
and nothing is important, it's all the same- only to save oneself from it as best one can,"
thought Pierre. "Only not to see it, that dreadful it!"(p.591)�]��Ҧ��H��b�k�ץͩR�I�I�^

��the feeling which causes a man to perform actions which from an ordinary point of view are
insane, to test, as it were, his personal power and strength, affirming the existence of a
higher, nonhuman criterion of life.(p.994)�]�Ҧ��ƨg�Ҭ��ҩ��W�Ҫ��s�b�^

��Our luck is like water in a drag-net: you pull at it and it bulges, but when you've drawn it
out it's empty! That's how it is.(p.1069)�]��֦p��^

��R

��"Yes, a new happiness was revealed to me of which man cannot be deprived," he thought as he lay
in the semi-darkness of the quiet hut, gazing fixedly before him with feverish wide open eyes. "A
happiness lying beyond material forces, outside the material influences that act on man- a
happiness of the soul alone, the happiness of loving. Every man can understand it, but to
conceive it and enjoin it was possible only for God. But how did God enjoin that law? And why was
the Son...?"(p.1015)�]�x��e�P��R��֡^

��his heart was now overflowing with love, and by loving people without cause he discovered
indubitable�]�T�ꪺ�^ causes for loving them.(p.1241)�]�䤣�X��]��R�~�O�u�R�^

�󡹡��Love hinders death. Love is life.All everything that I understand, I understand only
because I love.Everything is united by it alone. Love is God, and to die means that I, a particle
of love, shall return to the general and eternal source.(War and Peace,Bk.XII,p.1083,p.1173)

��High up in the light sky hung the full moon. Forests and fields beyond the camp, unseen before,
were now visible in the distance. And farther still, beyond those forests and fields, the bright,
oscillating, limitless distance lured one to itself. Pierre glanced up at the sky and the
twinkling stars in its faraway depths. "And all that is me, all that is within me, and it is all
I!" thought Pierre. "And they caught all that and put it into a shed boarded up with planks!" He
smiled, and went and lay down to sleep beside his companions.(p.1124)�]�ѤH�X�@�^

��"One must be indulgent to little weaknesses; who is free from them, Andrew? Don't forget that
she has grown up and been educated in society, and so her position now is not a rosy one. We
should enter into everyone's situation. Tout comprendre, c'est tout pardonner.* Think it must be
for her, poor thing, after what she has been used to, to be parted from her husband and be left
alone the country, in her condition! It's very hard."

*To understand all is to forgive all.(p.107)�]�A�ѴN�O�e��G�P�z�ߡ^

��

��He could not understand the value or significance of any word or deed taken separately.(p.1073)
�]��X�@�^

�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X�X

��

��Natasha betook herself to the ballroom, picked up her guitar, sat down in a dark corner behind
a bookcase, and began to run her fingers over the strings in the bass, picking out a passage she
recalled from an opera she had heard in Petersburg with Prince Andrew. What she drew from the
guitar would have had no meaning for other listeners, but ��in her imagination a whole series of
reminiscences arose from those sounds. She sat behind the bookcase with her eyes fixed on a
streak of light escaping from the pantry door and listened to herself and pondered. She was in a
mood for brooding on the past.(p.565)�]��֥u�Q��ߤHť��^

��

��they could not know the disease Natasha was suffering from, as no disease suffered by a live
man can be known, for every living person has his own peculiarities and always has his own
peculiar, personal, novel, complicated disease, unknown to medicine- not a disease of the lungs,
liver, skin, heart, nerves, and so on mentioned in medical books, but a disease consisting of one
of the innumerable combinations of the maladies of those organs.�]�C�ӤH��f��O�W�S��A�ᦳ��
��^

This simple thought could not occur to the doctors (as it cannot occur to a wizard that he is
unable to work his charms) because the business of their lives was to cure, and they received
money for it and had spent the best years of their lives on that business.�]�̬öQ��C�K��O�b��
�ĩ|�^

ut, above all, that thought was kept out of their minds by the fact that they saw they were
really useful, as in fact they were to the whole Rostov family. Their usefulness did not depend
on making the patient swallow substances for the most part harmful (the harm was scarcely
perceptible, as they were given in small doses), but they were useful, necessary, and
indispensable because they satisfied a mental need of the invalid and of those who loved her- and
that is why there are, and always will be, pseudo-healers, wise women, homeopaths, and allopaths.
(9-16,p.721)�]��ͧ@��f�H�߲z��һݡA�G��t��^

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