Lord Kagato has quite a few abilities. I'll try to go into some detail on them.
I'll go with what I think is the most interesting to the least.�
Energy Blades : I won't go into so much detail on this because my friend is
developing an essay on them. Energy blades work as an extension of the user
and are effectively weightless. Energy blades, once constructed are solid
and do have a defined cutting edge and definite width. The interesting thing
is that the energy is only there for visibility, it is the shielding around
the energy that does all the work. For this reason it is possible to have a
clear energy blade.
Non-corporeal : Lord Kagato can choose not to be solid. The best explanation
for this (and it makes a lot of other stuff fit) is that he is an energy being.
So in a way it's actually choosing to be solid as well.
Shadows : Shadows are basically dopplegangers made of energy. I have a couple
theories on this. One, the energy is drawn from the Soja, and so is considered
part of the ship. That would explain why Ayeka's blast was stopped. Lord Kagato
would be controlling the shadow like a puppet. And two, the shadow could actually
be an extension of our Lord. That way he could see out of it and control it without
getting disoriented.
Gating : With gating, from what I've seen, he actually turns himself into
the same sort of energy as almost everything else energy based. If you watch out
from the gate comes this black stuff, and Lord Kagato forms from that. That means
the gate is part of his body, at least while he's in it. This would make the gate
doing things like blasting through the onsen roof make sense.
Regeneration : This isn't so much regeneration as reforming. He's most likely set
his body up to do more human things like bleed. There are also things like his glove
reappearing on his hand after he took it off to put it through Ayeka's head. I'm not
sure whether his clothes would be considered part of his body.
Teleporting : My guess is that he turns himself into an invisible form of energy and
moves to the area he visualized. That would mean after a certain distance the teleport
wouldn't be 'instantaneous'.
Energy Blasts : Lord Kagato has several different types of energy blasts. Energy bolts,
energy whips, and wind manipulation. If you watch carefully after some of the blasts
there is a small crackle in the air, this can be explained by the blast ionizing the air.
I'm not sure whether he uses his own energy, the Soja's or both.
Material Metamorphosis : This was seen when Lord Kagato turned Ryoko to stone. Now one of
my thoughts on this is that perhaps the object he changes has to be 'a part of him'. Much
like he can manipulate his own body he can change Ryoko's. For this reason I suspect that
Lord Kagato is as much Ryoko's father as Washu is her mother. He did also turn her into
energy in the gating remember?
Control Ryoko : Lord Kagato does this through the gems. I'm not sure exactly how this is
done. But when he does, her eyes glow green and so do the gems.
Mind Reading : Lord Kagato can speak directly to someone's mind. He can't just get
information, so it's not really mind reading. It's basically done in a void where he
can create illusionary surroundings. While in the person's mind he can manipulate what
they see and feel. I'm not exactly sure how this is done. He may have to be in contact
with the person, and they might have to be unconscious or a willing participant.
Telekinesis : Lord Kagato can move things around with his mind. I'm not sure how this is done.
Shield : Considering that it can block (more like deflect really) energy bolts, this shield
is most likely the same sort of thing that holds the energy blades.
Spirit Fire : I haven't given this much thought other than it looks like a bit of energy that
looks like fire. It's bright enough to light up Ryoko's cave.
And that's it for his known abilities.