Sec. 2 (1-4)
Ch. 8 Sec. 1
1. Identify:
A. Clovis- Clovis was the king of Franks.
B. Islam- Islam is a religion which swept out of the Middle East into the Mediterranean world.
C. Charlemagne- Charlemagne was the grandson of Charles Martel who built an empire reaching across France, Germany, and part of Italy.
D. Alcuin- Alcuin was a scholar who was put in charge of running the schools in Athen.
E. Treaty of Verdun- This treaty was drawn up by Charlemagne�s grandsons, which split the empire into three regions.
F. Vikings-Vikings were the most destructive raiders who were not just fierce warriors, but also traders and explorers as well.
2. The resources which Europe had at the dawn of the Middle Ages was Dense forests, rich black earth, minerals and the seas which helped for trade and exploration.
3.
A. The group that led the first wave of invasions of Europe was the Germanic people.
B. The second invasions was by the Muslims.
C. The affect of these invasions was anger and anxiety by the Christians that the Muslims had conquered.
4. The steps Charlemagne took to improve the government and unify his empire was helping Pope Leo III by destroying the rebellions. This act unified the Christians. Also Charlemagne tried to exercise control over his many lands and crate a united Christian Europe.
Ch. 8 Sec. 2
1. Define:
A. vassal- lesser lords.
B. fief- estate
C. knight- or mounted warrior.
D. chivalry- code of conduct where a knight had to be brave loyal, and true to their word.
E. troubadour- wandering poets
F. manor- lord�s estate
G. serf- Peasants on a lord�s estate, or manor.
2. Three features of the feudal society were that the roles were defined, no middle class and peasants made up most of the populations.
3. Chivalry affected the status of women because the code of chivalry called for women to be protected and cherished.
4.
A. The responsibilities of the peasants towards there lords was several days a week farming the lord�s domain, or lands. Also they had to repair the lord�s roads, bridges, and fences.
B. The responsibilities the lord had toward the peasant was to let tem have the right to farm several acres for themselves and to protect them Viking raids.
