Rome/Greece Study Guide
*Minoan civilization and the importance of its location- Location of these early people were important because from there islands home in the eastern Mediterranean they crossed the seas to the Nile and Egypt. Also trade was important.
*Explain how Sparta's location was important- Sparta�s location was important because Sparta isolated themselves from other countries. They also forbade on trade and wealth which made them suffer.
*Trojan war- location- The location of the Trojan War was between Mycenaean and Troy or current day Turkey.
*Geography of Greece created?- The geography helped to create and shape the river valley civilizations early.
* Post Persian wars domination- The Persians had land conquered from Asia Minor to the border of India. They were the dominating force.
*Peloponnesian War- In 431 BC, warfare broke out in between Sparta and Athens. Sparta allied with Persia which ended the Athenian empire.
*Greek theater origins- The Greek theaters had plays performed outdoors in large theaters gouged out of the sides of hills. There was little or no scenery.
*Alexander's achievements and empire- One of Alexander�s achievements was how he spread the Greek culture in his conquered land. His empire was from Egypt to the Fertile Crescent to the borders of India.
*Center of Hellenistic world- The center of the Hellenistic world was the new schools of thought. For example the rise of the schools of philosophy likes Stoicism.
*Geographic characteristics of Greece- Greece is part of the Balkan peninsula, which extends southward into the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Also mountains divide the peninsula into isolated valleys.
*Oligarchy- In an oligarchy, power is in the hands of small, powerful elite, usually from the business class.
*Democracy- Democracy is a government by the people.
*Spartan childhoods- A Spartan boy at the age of seven would begin his training for a lifetime in the military. They moved into barracks, where they endured a brutal existence. Girls also had a rigorous upbringing. As part of a warrior society, they were expected to produce healthy sons.
*Athens' golden age- The years after the Persian Wars were the golden ages for Athens. Under Pericles, the economy thrived and the government became more democratic.
*Aristotle's meritocracy- Aristotle analyzed all types of government, from monarchy to aristocracy to democracy and, and found good and bad examples of each.
*Greek values- The values of Greek were their Poetry and Drama.
Ch. 6
*Augustus- Augustus ruled Rome from 31 BC to AD14. Augustus had ended the 500 year old republic. Augustus helped Rome recover from the long period of civil war.
*Julius Caesar- Over the chaos of all the civil wars emerged Julius Caesar, an able commander who combined soaring ambition with a determination to make drastic reforms. He was a great conqueror who conquered all of Gaul.
*Hannibal- Hannibal was the leader of the Carthaginian army. In 218 BC Hannibal embarked on one of the most daring military expedition in history. He went from Spain, across the Pyrenees, through France, and over the mighty peaks of the Alps into Italy.
*Jesus- Jesus was born about 4 BC in Bethlehem, near Jerusalem. Jesus believed in one God and accepted the Ten Commandments. He preached strict obedience to the laws of Moses and defended the teachings of Jewish prophets.
*Paul- Paul had never seen Jesus before, but he had a vision and converted to Christianity. He then devoted his life to spread the word of Christianity.
*Odoacer- In 476 Odoacer, a Germanic leader, ousted the emperor in Rome. This is referred to as the fall of Rome.
*Ptolemy- In Alexandria, Ptolemy, an astronomer- mathematician proposed his theory that the Earth was the center of the universe, an idea that was accepted in the western world for nearly 1500 years.
*Virgil- Virgil was a poet who wrote Aeneid, which tried to show that Tome�s past was as heroic as that of Greece.
*Martyr- Over centuries Christians became martyrs, or people who suffer or die for their beliefs.
*Mercenary-To meet its need for soldiers Rome hired mercenaries, of foreign soldiers serving for pay, to defend its borders.
*Messiah- Some Jews believed that a messiah, or savior sent by God, would soon appear to lead the Jewish people to freedom.
*Patrician- Patricians are members of the landholding upper class.
*Plebeian- Plebeians were the farmers, merchants, artisans and traders who made up the bulk of the population.
*Aqueduct- Roman engineers built many immense aqueducts, or bridge like stone structures that brought water from the hills into Roman cities.
*Heresy- Heresies are beliefs said to be contrary to official Church teachings.
*Legion- A legion is a basic unit made up of about 5,000 men.
*Republic- A republic was the �thing of the people.� A republic, Romans thought, would keep any individual from gaining too much power.
*Sect � At first, Christianity remained a sect, or small group, within Judaism.
