Assignment 7 : Terminology
Assignment 7 : Terminology
1. Go to http://www.w3.org and find an answer to this question: What is the W3C World Wide Web Consortium. Find a simple explanation. Use your own words.
W3C, short for World Wide Web Consortium, is the main standards body for World-Wide Web. It produces reference software and international standards for client and server protocols that allow international communications and on-line commerce on the Internet. It was created by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) with participating from other European organizations in 1994. Although it is funded by industrial members, its products are all free.
2. Find and write simple explanations for the following terms.
a. Cyberspace
This term is created by a novelist William Gibson in his book, and it means the on-line world that all available information is communicated through computer networks.
b. download
Transfer a file or program from a central computer to a smaller or remotely located computer through the Internet.
c. upload
Transfer a file or program from a smaller or remotely located computer to a central computer through the Internet.
d. GIF
It's short for Graphics interchange Format, and one of the most popular standardized file formats to store graphics. But it can only store 256 colors.
e. JPG
It stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group, which was the original name of the committee that designed the standard image compression algorithm. It is also one of the most popular standardized file formats for images and graphics.
f. PNG
It is short for Portable Network Graphics, also called as ��ping��. This is a relatively new bitmap image format that is used popularly on the World Wide Web these days. PNG was developed to cover the problems of GIF.
[Know what the initials for the above-mentioned formats stand for.]
g. login (as a noun and a verb)
As a noun, login means the ability to access a service or account, and also the UNIX program that reads and confirms a user��s name and password to start intercation.
To login is to start communication and interaction on World Wide Web by putting a user��s name and password.
h. mailing lists (listserv and majordomo)
This is a list of names and addresses that advertising materials are mailed.
- Listserv : This is an electronic mailing list software, and was developed for the Bitnet computer in the mid 1980s. Two other major mailing list processors are Listproc and Majordomo, a free system while Listserv is commercial, and these programs run under UNIX.
- Majordomo : It is a freeware mailing list manager(MLM) which runs under UNIX.
i. newsgroups
A newsgroup is a repository for messages posted from many users at different locations. It is usually within the Usenet system. The term is somewhat confusing because it is usually a discussion group. Newsgroups are technically distinct from, but functionally similar to, discussion forums on the World Wide Web.
- What is USENET?
Usenet, or Unix User Network, is a communications medium which users read and post articles on a number of distributed newsgroups (incorrectly called bulletin boards because of their similarity for the people who are not familiar with this field). It is supported from many servers, which store and forward messages with one another. Usenet has significant cultural importance in the networked world, and been popularized.
- How is USENET different from our class Discussion Board?
Our class Discussion Board is an Internet forum which is known as message board or discussion board. It is a web application that provides for online discussions. An Internet forum typically exists as part of a website and invites users to start topics and discuss issues with one another. This is different form USENET because it is a communications medium that connects all distributed newsgroups while an Internet forum is a part of USENET.
j. packet switching
A packet means a message or fragment of messages. In computer networking and telecommunications, packet switching is communications pattern that packets are individually routed between nodes, without previously established communication path. Packet switching is used to optimize the use of the bandwidth available in a network and to minimize the latency. X.25 is an international standard packet switching network.
k. router
A computer networking device that forwards packets between networks is a router.
l. cookie
It is a short line of text that has agreement between cooperating programs. A web site puts this on a computer's hard drive when the computer accesses the web site.
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