Saab 9-4X Crossover Runs on Alcohol and Gas
As the name implies, the 9-4X BioPower’s green credentials come from its ability to be optimized to run on E85 ethanol. But that’s not all: This crossover will also employ engine downsizing to deliver above average fuel economy and lower emissions.


Ford & MIT scientists startup

MIT paper on Direct Injection Turbo-charged Engine
CALCULATIONS OF KNOCK SUPPRESSION IN HIGHLY TURBOCHARGED GASOLINE/ETHANOL ENGINES USING DIRECT ETHANOL INJECTION

L. Bromberg* D.R. Cohn** J.B. Heywood***

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 February 23,2006

II. DI Ethanol Boosted Gasoline Engine Concept

The DI ethanol boosted gasoline engine concept employs separately controlled direct injection of ethanol into the cylinders of a gasoline engine .The direct ethanol injection provides on-demand enhancement of the octane rating of the gasoline up to very high levels (e.g. an octane rating of 130 or more). The on-demand octane enhancement allows pressure boosted engine operation at much higher levels of turbocharging, specific torque and specific power than would otherwise be possible. This makes it feasible for a small, highly turbocharged engine to be used to attain the same peak performance as a much larger engine while operating much more efficiently at part load. For example, a 3.0 liter engine could potentially be replaced by an engine of about half its size, which could result in a 30% increase in fuel efficiency over a typical driving cycle. Through this ethanol knock suppression mechanism, the highly turbocharged engine may also be able to use a higher compression ratio than a conventional engine.


Ethanol Boosting Systems

ethanol powered ICE beats fuel cell cars in European Ecomaraathon

Ethanol Powered ICE Car Beats Fuel Cells to Win European Eco-marathon

Ethanol Fuel Cell car demonstrated

OFFenberg students test world's first ethanol powered fuel cell car

gm volt charge time
The electric engine gets its power from a very powerful high-voltage battery pack that can store enough energy to drive the car up to 40 miles in standard driving conditions. That battery pack is recharged by plugging the car into your home 110 (or 220) volt wall outlet, just like you do your iPod or cell phone. The full-charge cycle should take about 6 hours (3 hours at 220).

HTUF selects Hybradrive to build three hydraulic series hybrid trucks for testing

coal emissions 98 99 per kiloWatt Hr

watt-hrs to charge GM volt

#21
Here is an electric bill formula.
cost of bill = rate in dollars X Kw hours
rate in dollars = what your electric ultility is charging you.
ex: in Los Angeles it is .08 cents for 1Kw hour
Kw hours = how many watts you are using in an hour
ex: a 60 watt light bulb would be 60 watts divided by 1000 = .06 KW
OK, lets figure our bill for this 60 watt light bulb

cost of 60 watt light bulb = rate in dollars X Kw
cost = .08 cents X .06 (1 hour) = .0048 cents for every hour the 60 watt light bulb is “on”

GM Volt at 120-volt charge
cost = rate X Kw
cost = .08 X (120-volt X 20 amp)
cost = .08 X 2400 watts (2400 divided by 1000)
cost = .08 X 2.4
cost = .192 cents for every hour
GM volt will take overnight to charge, so
cost = .192 X 10 hours
cost = $1.92 for a “full” charge

GM volt at 240-volt charge
cost = rate X Kw
cost = .08 X (240-volt X 30 amp)
cost = .08 X 7200 watts (7200 divided by 1000)
cost = .08 X 7.2
cost = .576 cents for every hour
GM volt will take 3 hours to charge, so
cost = .576 X 3 hours
cost = $1.73 for a “full” but “quick” charge
cost at 3.5 hours is $2.02
so you can see how they are very close in cost.



watt-hrs to charge GM volt


12 kWh is about the maximum recharge that can be conveniently supplied overnight at home (or at the in-laws) using ubiquitous 15A, 110V outlets while still taking advantage of low off-peak (11 pm to 7 am) power rates. 220 V charging capability is good. It will double this maximum recharge to 24 kWh, which is good for: quick recharges, Volts with a longer all-electric range (AER) and for larger vehicles, e.g., vans, that get 3 miles to the kWh compared to the Volt’s 5 miles per kWh. 24 kWh translates to a range of 72 and 120 miles for a van and a Volt, respectively.


gristmill - volt emissions - vinod khosla post




Miles on a charge - GM Volt: AutoBlog
WARREN, Mich. – Engineers at GM's battery test facilities have developed a new computer algorithm to accelerate durability testing of the advanced lithium-ion batteries needed to power the Chevrolet Volt for up to 40 miles (64 km) of electric-only driving.


GM Volt 40 miles on charge
Lutz declares that first Volt mule is running 40 miles on battery power Posted May 15th 2008 10:02AM by Sam Abuelsamid

453.59237 grams per lb.
kWh to charge miles /chrge, kWh/mile lbs CO2/kWh lbs CO2/mile grams CO2 /mile
24 40 0.6 2.1 1.26 571.5
24400.6 1.35 0.81 367.4


GM volt 5 miles per kWhr
"Leaving a 50 percent reserve, eight kilowatt hours should get you 40 miles of road travel, which is enough for many commutes. "
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