univ Nebraska resaerch
University of Nebraska research ethanol 51% GHG emissions reduction
study pdf
ANL study ethanol production improved efficiency
ethanol Heat Capac
heat capacity 76000 /Energy Cons
Dry Mills 31070 2.446089475 0.7 1.712262633
Wet Mills 47409 1.603071147 0.3 0.480921344
Weighted average 2.193183977
The Debate on Energy and
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Impacts of Fuel Ethanol - Wang 2005
WAng's orignail viewbgraph summary of ethanol vs gasoline fossil fuel consumption
dry mills provided over 70% of ethanol industry capacity
(pg 1, 1st paragraph: "Dry mill plants accounted for more than 70 percent of
capacity with an average size of 42 MGY. Virtually all new ethanol plants being built today are dry
mills with an average plant size of 60 MGY."
impact of ethanol on world oil demand and pricesMultiplying the shortfall in crude oil supply by the estimated price flexibility (-2.2% X -12.5)
suggests that crude oil prices would increase 27.5 percent in the short-term. Using the spot
market price of West Texas Intermediate crude oil ($130/bbl) as the base, a 27.5 percent increase
translates to a price of $165.70 per barrel, or a difference of $35.70 per barrel.
A Simultaneous Equations Model for
World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Markets
IMF Working Paper
African Department
A Simultaneous Equations Model for World Crude Oil and Natural Gas Markets
Prepared by Noureddine Krichene1
Authorized for distribution by Reza Vaez-Zadeh
February 2005
Abstract
A model for world crude oil and natural gas markets is estimated. It confirms low price and
high income elasticities of demand for both crude oil and natural gas, which explains the
market power of oil producers and price volatility following shocks. The paper establishes a
relationship between oil prices, changes in the Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) of
the U.S. dollar, and the U.S. interest rates, thereby identifying demand shocks arising from
monetary policy. Both interest rates and the NEER are shown to influence crude prices
inversely. The results imply that crude oil prices should be included in the policy rule
equation of an inflation targeting model.
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The paper attempted to analyze the effect of monetary policy on oil prices; it showed that
changes in interest rates and in the dollar�s NEER could have a significant impact on oil
prices: namely, falling interest rates and a depreciating NEER could lead to a surge in oil
prices, and inversely. This finding establishes that oil and natural gas prices would continue
to be under upward pressure so long interest rates keep falling and the dollar�s NEER keeps
depreciating.
Table 5: World Crude Oil and Natural Gas: The SEM Extended to Include the NEER - Pg. 20 od report.
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US Ethanol Production - Kansas Ethanol
Ethanol industry statistics ethanolrfa
dry mill plants = over 70% of industry capacity in 2006
By August 2006, the ethanol industry was comprised of 109 plants
with an annual capacity of 4.8 billion gallons. Dry mill plants accounted for more than 70 percent of
capacity with an average size of 42 MGY. Virtually all new ethanol plants being built today are dry
mills with an average plant size of 60 MGY.
Ethanol Energy Balance Research - EthanolRFA
Ethanol research - Oregon
Ethanol Economic Impact - reports - Ethanolrfa
ethanol research
Ethanol research - National Corn Growers Association...A very good site!
Corn production figures
Ethanol Net Energy Balance studies
Ultrasonics boosts ethanol release rates 30%, reduces energy consumption and time required
Ultrasonics Boosts Ethanol Production 30%
"Grewell said ultrasonic treatment in laboratory experiments has increased corn's release rates of sugars by nearly 30 percent. And that could mean each bushel of corn that goes into an ethanol plant could more efficiently produce ethanol for your car's fuel tank."
"This seems to work very well," Grewell said. "We're releasing more of the corn's stored energy in a shorter period of time with less energy consumption."
Iowa State Univ - ultarsonics boosts ethanol yield
Tropical Maize - 25% more sugar adn much less nitrogen fertilizer
lawns are the largest irrigated crop - 3 times more than corn - NASA
Ethanol Fuel Challenge
In FutureTruck 2000, a 13% improvement was attained in on-road fuel efficiency (MPGE), and a 26% reduction was attained in greenhouse gas emissions, compared to the stock Chevrolet Suburban
In Ethanol Vehicle Challenge 2000, the winning vehicle in the emissions event (University of Illinois at Chicago) met the California Air Resources Board ultra-low emissions vehicle standard - one of the toughest in the world.
Northwestern University developed a gas quality sensor, Old Dominion University developed a gaseous fuel injector that is now an OEM component, and other teams developed several complex emission-control systems.
How Much Energy Does It Take to Make a Gallon of Ethanol?
Carnegie Mellon Research Could Improve Ethanol Efficiency
According to a university release, Carnegie Mellon researchers have used advanced process-design methods combined with mathematical-optimization techniques to reduce the operating costs of corn-based bio-ethanol plants by more than 60 percent.
The key to the Carnegie Mellon strategy involves redesigning the distillation process by using a multicolumn system together with a network for energy recovery that ultimately reduces the consumption of steam, a major energy component in the production of corn-based ethanol.
�This new design reduces the manufacturing cost for producing ethanol by 11 percent, from $1.61 a gallon to $1.43 a gallon,� said Chemical Engineering Professor Ignacio E. Grossmann, who completed the research with graduate students Ramkumar Karuppiah, Andreas Peschel and Mariano Martin. �This research is also an important step in making the production of ethanol more energy efficient and economical.�
Domestic Fuel Alsternative news
Future Truck Competition 2002
The UC Davis Future Truck 2002 team built a truck getting 30 miles per gallon or better on ethanol, reducing emmissions by 67%, and able to accelerate from 0-60 mpg in only 7 seconds
NO-TILL FARMING OFFERS A QUICK FIX TO HELP WARD OFF HOST OF GLOBAL PROBLEMS
Impact of Combined Heat and Power
on Energy Use and Carbon Emissions
in the Dry Mill Ethanol Process
To date, CHP and ethanol industry stakeholders have recognized that the efficiencies of CHP could further improve energy use patterns of dry mill ethanol plants, but the levels of impact have been unclear. This paper summarizes an analysis of state-of-the-art natural gas-, coal-, and biomass-fueled dry mill ethanol plants�comparing energy consumption and CO2 emissions of the ethanol production process with and without CHP systems. Only the energy consumed in the dry mill conversion process itself was examined; the analysis does not consider the energy consumed in growing, harvesting, and transporting the feedstock corn, or in transporting the ethanol product itself. The analysis examines the impact of CHP on total energy consumption, including the impact on reductions in central station power fuel use and CO2 emissions caused by displacing power purchases with CHP. The analysis shows that the use of CHP can result in reductions in total energy use of almost 55 percent over state-of-the-art dry mill ethanol plants that purchase central station power rather than use CHP. With certain CHP configurations, CO2 emission reductions from using CHP to displace central station power even exceed the CO2 emissions from the CHP system and ethanol plant, resulting in negative net CO2 emissions for the plant compared with base case conditions.
Arizona Dairy Group Building Integrated Dairy-Biofuels Operation
Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Source 2005
Carbon emissions by source - Energy Information Admministration
Report #: DOE/EIA-0573(2006) - Excel Spreadsheet
Ethanol from Sweet Sorghum
A sweet source for ethanol could be a smart choice for food and fuel that can grow almost anywhere.
According to the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), sweet sorghum may be the perfect crop for ethanol production. It grows in dry conditions, tolerates heat, salt and waterlogging, and provides steady income for poor farmers.
ICRISAT Director General Dr. William Dar says, �We consider sweet sorghum an ideal �smart crop� because it produces food as well as fuel.�
Unlike sugarcane, sweet sorghum can be grown in many different areas. It is the world�s fifth largest grain crop�behind rice, corn, wheat and barley - grown on more than 107 million acres in 99 countries with United States, Nigeria, India, China, Mexico, Sudan and Argentina being the leading producers.
ETHANOL from Sweet Sorghum
The pioneering project to produce ethanol from sweet sorghum, being implemented jointly by ICRISAT and Rusni Distilleries, has achieved a significant milestone with the first batch of ethanol flowing out of the distillery at Mohammed Shapur village in Andhra Pradesh, India.
The ethanol produced marks a major success in this public-private partnership project that generates ethanol as a biofuel from the sugar-rich juice extracted from sweet sorghum stalks. A third partner, Aakrithi Agricultural Associates of India, helps to link the dryland farmers with the distillery. Sweet sorghum ethanol does not compromise food security since the farmers can continue to use the grain for food. Thus the farmer has only additional income to gain.
Sweet Sorghum: A New Smart Biofuel Crop that Ensures Food Security
Cost of Ethanol Production
ICRISAT