Inglés II

Profesora: Mariana Córdova

Subtemas:

Grados del adjetivo

Al igual que en español, cuando queremos hacer comparaciones contrastamos cualidades o atributos por medio de adjetivos en sus diversos grados:

1. El grado positivo: es la cualidad en el grado más simple: fast (rápido)

2. El grado comparativo:

- comparativo de superioridad: faster than ... más rápido que ....
- comparativo de inferioridad: less fast than ... menos rápido que ....
- comparativo de igualdad: as fast as .... tan oscuro como ...

3. El grado superlativo: the fastest ... el más rápido

Formación del comparativo y del superlativo:

Para adjetivos cortos o de una sílaba:

- La comparación:
Para formar el comparativo añadimos al adjetivo la terminación -er:
Por ejemplo, al adjetivo fast (rápido) le añadimos -er: faster (más rápido) ejemplo:
A train is faster than a bicycle.(Un tren es más rápido que una bicicleta.)
The sea is larger than a lake. (El mar es más grande que un lago)

- El superlativo:
Para formar el superlativo añadiremos al adjetivo -est, además el adjetivo irá precedido del artículo The.
Por ejemplo, al adjetivo old (viejo) le añadimos -est: the oldest (el más viejo/mayor)

ejemplo:
My father is the oldest. (Mi padre es el más mayor)
My house is the largest. (Mi casa es la más grande)

Para los adjetivos acabados en "y", "er", "le", "ow" de dos sílabas:

- La comparación:
Para formar comparaciones se añade la terminación -er.
Para los acabados en y final, esta se sustituirá por la i latina.
Por ejemplo, el adjetivo easy (fácil) acabará con -ier: easier (más fácil)
ejemplo:
This work is easier than yours(Este trabajo es más facil que el tuyo)
I'm cleverer than her (Soy más inteligente que ella)
My car is slower than yours (Mi coche es más lento que el tuyo) 

- El superlativo:
Para formar el superlativo añadiremos -est.
La y final se sustituirá por la i latina. Siempre irá precedido por el artículo The. Por ejemplo el adjetivo ugly (feo) acabará con -iest: the ugliest (el más feo)
ejemplo:
This man is the ugliest. (Este hombre es el más feo)

Para adjetivos largos de dos o más sílabas

- La comparación:
Para formar comparaciones, el adjetivo irá precedido de la palabra more. Por ejemplo, el adjetivo modern (moderno) será more modern (más moderno)
ejemplo:
This house is more modern. (Esta casa es más moderna)

- Superlativo: Para formar el superlativo,, el adjetivo irá precedido por : The + most
El adjetivo beautiful (hermoso) será: The most beautiful (el más hermoso). ejemplo:
This woman is the most beautiful. (esta mujer es la más hermosa).

INFOGRAFÍA

http://www.fortunecity.com/bally/durrus/153/gramch23.html

Adjectives which follow the model of the French language do not use the endings er and est. Instead, the adjectives are preceded by the adverbs more and most.

a. Comparative forms: The use of More
The comparative form of an adjective which does not take endings is formed by placing the word more before the positive form of the adjective.
e.g. She is more intelligent than her sister.
      He is more determined than his brother.
In these examples, the comparative forms of the adjectives intelligent and determined have been formed by placing the word more before the positive forms of the adjectives.

http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dutch/grammatica/comparative_superlative.htm

The comparitive and superlative are forms of an adjective which are used to compare two things or people with one another, to evaluate their relative worth. The comparative is used to state that one thing has more ‘value’ (bigger, smaller, thinner) than the other. The superlative is used to say that one thing has the highest ‘value’ (the biggest, the smallest, the thinnest).

http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/adjectives.htm

The degrees of comparison are known as the positive, the comparative, and the superlative. (Actually, only the comparative and superlative show degrees.) We use the comparative for comparing two things and the superlative for comparing three or more things. Notice that the word than frequently accompanies the comparative and the word the precedes the superlative. The inflected suffixes -er and -est suffice to form most comparatives and superlatives, although we need -ier and -iest when a two-syllable adjective ends in y (happier and happiest); otherwise we use more and most when an adjective has more than one syllable.

http://members.optus.net/~ado_hall/interlingua/gi/parts_of_speech/adjective.html

The idea of the so-called ABSOLUTE SUPERLATIVE may be expressed as in English by various constructions: most interesting, very interesting, extremely interesting, terribly interesting, etc. A device used specifically for purposes of the absolute superlative is the suffix -issime.

 http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/regcom.htm

Comparatives and Superlatives are special forms of adjectives. They are used to compare two or more things. Generally, comparatives are formed using -er and superlatives are formed using -est. This page will explain the rules for forming regular comparatives and superlatives, and also show some basic ways of using them.

http://www.bartleby.com/64/C001/003.html

comparison of adjectives.  We often use adjectives—words that modify nouns—to make comparisons. We say That building is bigger than this one, She is the most intelligent student in the class, and so on. Some adjectives add -er and -est to form the comparative and superlative degrees. Others cannot do this, but must be preceded by more and most. How can you know which is which? Fortunately, there are some simple rules you can follow. Adjectives that have one syllable usually take -er and -est. Adjectives that have two syllables and end in y (early), ow (narrow), and le (gentle), can also take -er and -est. Almost all other adjectives with two or more syllables require the use of more and most.

http://classiclit.about.com/library/bl-etexts/wmbaskervill/bl-wmbaskervill-grammar-parts-adjectives.htm

The word good has no comparative or superlative, but takes the place of a positive to better and best. There was an old comparative bet, which has gone out of use; as in the sentence (14th century), "Ich singe bet than thu dest" (I sing better than thou dost). The superlative I form was betst, which has softened to the modern best.

 http://www.iscribe.org/english/adj.html

Some adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative forms.

irregular adjective forms

good better best
bad worse worst
some more most

For some adjectives formation of the comparative requires the word more, and formation of the superlative requires the word most.

http://www.learnenglish.de/Level1/irregularadjectives.htm

http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/irregular-adjectives.htm

 The regular way to make comparative/superlative adjectives is to add -er/-est or to use more/most. A small number of adjectives, however, are irregular and some of these can be regular or irregular.

http://www.fortunecity.com/bally/durrus/153/gramch22.html

A few of the adjectives which are used with endings have irregular comparative forms. The comparative forms of the irregular English adjectives are as follows.

As shown above, the adjective far has two comparative forms. The distinction is sometimes made that farther is used to refer to physical distances, while further is used to refer to figurative distances. For example:
      The farther side of the river is more picturesque than this side.
      Nothing could have been further from my mind.

http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wworkshop/writer_resources/grammar_handbook/comparatives_superlatives.htm

 Irregular Adjectives

 http://www.laits.utexas.edu/tex/gr/adj4.html

 Regular adjectives are formed by adding an e to the masculine form in the singular (content / contente), or by adding an s to the masculine and feminine forms in the plural (Tex et Edouard sont contents / Tammy et Bette sont contentes). This group of adjectives is by far the most common. There are, however, a number of adjectives which are called irregular, because they do not have the normal -e, -s, or -es endings. The endings of these irregular adjectives vary widely and often change the pronunciation.

Dinámicas:

1. Generally , comparative and superlative forms of adverbs are the same as for adjectives .

2. The comparitive  forms of an adjective which are used to compare four things or people with one another, to evaluate their relative worth.

3.  The superlative for comparing three or more things.

4.  We say That building is bigger than this one, She is the most intelligent student in the class.

5.  The idea of the so-called ABSOLUTE SUPERLATIVE may be expressed as in English by one constructions.  

6. The superlative of Louder is The loudest.

7. And the superlative of dirtier is dyeti,

8. The superltative of more beautiful is the most beautiful.

Palabras:

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