CH. 32
terrorism- Terrorism is the deliberate use of random violence, especially against civilians, to exact revenge or achieve political goals; Since the 1960’s, the world has seen a rise in terrorist activity. A current example is 9/11.
privatization- selling of state owned industries to private investors; Nations owned industries to private investors
nonaligned - Many new nations chose to remain nonaligned. This means that they are not allied to either side in the Cold War.
Multinational Corporation - enterprises with branches in many countries; Huge Multinational Corporation have invested in the developing world
liberation theology - In Latin American, some Roman Catholic clergy adopted a movement called liberation theology. They urged the Church to take a more active role in opposing the social contributions that contributed to poverty.
Interdependence - the dependence of countries on goods, resources, and knowledge from other parts of the world; Since 1945, transportation and communications systems have made the world increasingly interdependent
culture shock - countries lost large amounts of money; exhausted militaries and financial resources
acid rain – Gases from power plants and factories produced acid rain, a form of pollution in which toxic chemicals in the air come back to the Earth as rain, snow, or hail. Acid rain damaged forests, lakes, and farmland, especially in industrial Europe and North America.
Effects of Cold War- terrorism; oil crisis; migration; debt crisis; poverty; culture shock
why did democracy fail in many new nations? - Colonial rulers had done little to prepare the people for self-government in a postwar world. Many new nations were shaken by revolution or civil war.
Majority of world's wealth controlled by? - Switzerland. Switzerland holds everyone’s money because they don’t have an army and they don’t really have a government. So no one has a problem with them so they don’t need an army or government.
Effect of urbanization in developing nations - many countries have called for modernization; people are flocking to towns looking for jobs; escaping rural poverty; migrate not only for economic opportunities but also for attractions such as pop music converts, stores, and sports
factories effect on environmental damage - Gases from power plants and factories produce acid rain, a form of pollution in which toxic chemicals in the air come back to the Earth as rain, snow, or hail. Acid damages forests, lakes, and farmland, especially in industrial Europe and North America.
Factors contributing to political instability in African nations - civil wars and other struggles; military dictators or other authoritarian leaders spent huge sums on weapons and warfare instead of on education, housing, or health care
primary cause of global interdependence - transportation was one cause; another cause of global interdependence was communications systems
global south - refers to developing world; most of these nations lie in Asia, Africa, and Latin America in the zone between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn; life is a daily struggle for survival; poor and underdeveloped
modern technology - technology has advanced greatly in the past decades, including the computer revolution, the space age, the green revolution, and the medical breakthroughs; Such specific advances would include the satellite Sputnik, the silicon chip.

welfare state - A major goal of leftist parties was to extend the welfare state. Under this system, a government keeps most features of a capitalist economy but takes greater responsibility for the social and economic needs of its people
glasnost - At home, Gorbachev launched a two-pronged effort at reform. First, he called for glasnost, or openness.
Dissident – Brazened rigorously suppressed dissidents, people who spoke out against the government. Critics faced arrest and imprisonment
deficit - the gap between what a government spends and what it takes in through taxes and other sources; Government spending and tax cuts greatly increased the national
détente - By the 1970s, American and Soviet leaders promoted an era of détente or relaxation of tensions. Détente brought new agreements to reduce nuclear stockpiles.
Leonid Brezhnev - In 1964, economic and foreign policy setbacks resulted in Khrushchev’s removal from office. In time, Leonid Brezhnev took over the Soviet Union, holding power until his death in 1982.
Charles de Gaulle - Because the Algerians opposed the nationalists who wanted independence, they turned to Charles de Gaulle, who had led the Free French during the war. In 1958, de Gaulle set up the Fifth Republic.
Martin Luther King Jr. - gifted preacher; emerged as a leader of the civil rights movement; inspired by Gandhi’s campaign; organized boycotts; led peaceful marches, and he had a dream.
Joseph McCarthy - Charged many Americans with harboring communist sympathies. Government probes, however, produced little evidence of subversion.
Margarent Thatcher - Margaret Thatcher was one of many British leaders who opposed increased links with Europe. In Denmark, too, voters opposed changes that they feared would destroy their unique identity.
Perestroika - the restructuring of government and the economy; Gorbachev urged the restructuring of government and the economy, called perestroika
service industry - industry that provides a service rather than a product
Mikhail Gorbachev - energetic leader over Afghanistan; was eager to reform inefficiencies in government and the economy; the changes he unloosed, however, spiraled out of his control, swamping him and the Soviet Union
Helmut Kohl - West German Chancellor; architect of unity; assured both the Soviet Union and the West that a united Germany would pose no threat to peace; became chancellor of a united Germany
Nikita Krushchev - Soviet leader; In 1956, he shocked top Communist party members when he publicly denounced Stalin’s abuse of power; pursued a policy of de-Stalinization.
Josip Tito - During World War II, a fierce guerrilla leader, Josip Tito, had battled German occupying forces. Later, Tito set up a communist government in Yugoslavia, but he pursued a path independent of Moscow. He refused to join the Warsaw Past and claimed to be neutral in the Cold War.
Lech Walesa - elected president of Poland; the new government began a difficult, but peaceful, transition from socialism to a market economy, the beginning of the end for the Soviet domination of Eastern Europe
reunification of Germany - dismantled Berlin Wall for reunification; Kohl became chancellor of a united Germany after German voters agreed on reunification
goal of separatism in Quebec
result of central economic planning in the Soviet Union - was painful; unemployment soared; prices skyrocketed; little aid from West; success from others fanned resentment among poorer Russians; criminals flourished
civil war in Yugoslavia - Civil War broke out in Yugoslavia because a wave of nationalism came over the country once Josip Tito died. The three main ethnic groups separated and formed their own countries and capitals.