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Countersteering

Last update: May 12, 2003




What is your level of understanding of countersteering?


Ignorant Riders' understanding of countersteering:

What the heck is it?

Novice Riders' understanding of countersteering:

Push Right, Go Right.

Push Left, Go Left.

Curious Novice Riders' understanding of countersteering:

Push Right and/or Pull Left, Go Right.

Push Left and/or Pull Right, Go Left.

Curious Advanced Novice Riders' understanding of countersteering:

A motorcycle must be leaned to turn.

Countersteering is a technique to lean a bike.

To lean a bike to the right to go right, push the right handlebar forward and/or pull the left handlebar rearward.

To lean a bike to the left to go left, push the left handlebar forward and/or pull the right handlebar rearward.

Curious Intermediate Riders' understanding of countersteering:

A motorcycle must be leaned to turn.

Countersteering is a technique to control the lean angle of a bike.

To lean a bike to the right to go right, push the right handlebar forward and/or pull the left handlebar rearward.

To lean a bike to the left to go left, push the left handlebar forward and/or pull the right handlebar rearward.

Curious Advanced Intermediate Riders' understanding of countersteering:

A motorcycle must be leaned to turn.

Countersteering is a technique to control the lean angle of a bike.

Right Turn:

To lean a bike to the right to start turning right, push the right handlebar forward and/or pull the left handlebar rearward.

As the bike starts to turn right, stop the countersteering input.

To bring the bike upright to start exiting the turn, push the left handlebar forward and/or pull the right handlebar rearward.

Left Turn:

To lean a bike to the left to start turning left, push the left handlebar forward and/or pull the right handlebar rearward.

As the bike starts to turn left, stop the countersteering input.

To bring the bike upright to start exiting the turn, push the right handlebar forward and/or pull the left handlebar rearward.

Yes, for each turn, you actually apply two countersteering inputs. Once to lean the bike to enter the turn, and once more to raise the bike upright to exit the turn. Note that the countersteer input to raise the bike upright is done in the opposite direction of the countersteer input applied to lean the bike to enter the turn.
 
Advanced Riders' understanding of countersteering:

At this point, I want you to write down your own understanding of countersteering in your own words. Hopefully, it should lie at least somewhere between

Curious Advanced Intermediate Riders' understanding of countersteering above

          and

Connoisseurs' understanding of countersteering which is presented below.

Connoisseurs' understanding of countersteering:

An example for a right turn:

quote

The process of making a counter-steered right turn...(In this description, right and left are in the frame of the rider.) The turn can be broken into five somewhat arbitrarily divided steps:

(a) You initiate the turn by applying a torque to the handle bars, steering the front wheel to the left.

(b) The wheel steers to the left. The rate at which the steering angle increases is set primarily by the moment of inertia I s of the wheel, fork, and handlebars around the steering axis, and by the ��trail�� (described later.) As the bike is now turning to the left, a centrifugal torque leans both you and the bike frame to the right. Gyroscopic action also leans the bike to the right, but, as I will show later, its effect is negligible.

(c ) Transmitted by the fork, the increasing lean attempts to lean the front wheel over as well. For the first time, gyroscopic action becomes important, as the wheel responds to this ��leaning�� torque by attempting to steer to the right, thus counteracting the steering torque. The steering angle stops increasing.

(d) The leaning torque overcomes the steering torque and the wheel steering angle decreases. Note that the lean continues to increase because the bike is still turning left.

(e) As the bike has now acquired substantial leaning velocity, the lean increase cannot end instantly. Driven by the still increasing lean, the wheel steering angle passes smoothly through zero and then points right. The centrifugal torques reverse direction, eventually halting the lean increase and balancing the gravitational torques. As no more leaning torque is applied to the wheel, the steering angle stabilizes, and the bike executes the desired right turn.


From: Steering in bicycles and motorcycles by J. Fajans
Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-7300
(Received 12 April 1999; accepted 12 November 1999)





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