The attacks differ significantly from the DFLP's previous methods of operation. Likewise, the resources and infrastructure necessary for such attacks appear far beyond the group's traditional means.

The DFLP was formed in 1969 with an estimated membership of 500. It was originally based in Syria, but the location of its current headquarters are unknown. The DFLP receives financial and military aid from Syria and Libya. It operates in Syria, Lebanon, Israel and the occupied territories. Its leader is Naif Hawatmeh, according to Israeli-based Institute for Counterterrorism (ICT).

The group was largely dormant from 1988 until this summer, when it claimed responsibility for an Aug. 25 attack against an Israeli military post in the Gaza Strip that left three Israeli soldiers dead. This attack was the first instance of Palestinians successfully using conventional military-style tactics.

Before 2001, DFLP operations have always taken place either inside Israel or in the West Bank and Gaza. Typical acts include minor bombings and grenade attacks, as well as hostage-taking and attempts to negotiate the return of Palestinian prisoners held by Israelis.