| A.P. U.S. History Chapter7 vocabulary - JEFFERSONAIN ERA Barbary Pirates- Were like a mob of North Africa. They raided ships for good, sold goods for money, and collected tribute form nations for their protection. Jefferson put the down. Judiciary Act of 1801- This was the Federalists� dying breath in congress. IT reduced the Supreme Court justices to 5, stealing form Jefferson the chance to appoint a justice. It created 16 new federal judgeships that were all quickly filled with federalist judges. It was repealed the following year. Midnight Judges- were those who President Adams had appointed in his final hour to serve upon the bench and to allow federalism to survive in the judiciary. Marbury v. Madison- was a very important court case. When Madison refused to deliver the commission upon a man named Marbury. Marbury sued, but John Marshall said that Madison was under no obligation to deliver the commission since in the act of 1789, congress overstepped its bounds in saying the courts could force commissions to be handed out. Twelfth Amendment- created the idea of a ticket. People running for president could now run on a ticket rather than the VP being chosen by the 2nd most electors. War Hawks- were radicals in the Republican Party that wanted war with Britain. John C. Calhoun- was one of the wart hawks. HE would eventually become a vice-president. Treaty of Ghent- was signed in 1814 in Ghent, Belgium, and it set the status quo to what it was before the war of 1812. Battle of New Orleans- Commanded by General Jackson, The American Army killed thousands of Royal soldiers. The battle took place after the treaty was signed, but the generals were unaware of it. Hartford Convention- was the last wheeze of the Federalists. To secure some of their power, they met to the conventional Hartford and decided upon constitutional amendment that would give the Northeast a large share of power. The convention took place just after the treaty of Ghent, so most Americans looked down upon the near treasonous ideas coming out of the federalists. The convention failed and was the death of the Federalist Party. �The Era of Good Feelings�- was coined by a Bostonian paper that was meant to describe Madison�s administration after the war of 1812, and would carry over to the Monroe Administration. Supposedly we were at peace both internally and externally, but the �good feelings� were only paper thin. McCulloch V. Maryland- was the case that forbade states to tax a federal institution within its borders. The case dealt with Maryland trying to tax the national bank. This ruling further restricted states rights. Monroe Doctrine- was a three-part political policy that exists today. It says that the U.S. will not get involved in European wars unless American interests are at stake. It also says that the American continent is not open to further colonization and that the U.S. will look upon such attempt to colonize as �unfriendly acts.� |
| APUS VOCABULARY-CHAPTER (5 AND)7- JEFFERSONAIN ERA |
| GEORGE WASHINGTON/RATIFICTION TIME Judiciary act of 1789- was the bill passed by congress to create a court system of 13 district courts and 3 courts of appeal. IT was the 1st federal court system under the Supreme Court. It is still partially in use today. James Madison- was a very smart, young independence figurehead. HE helped pen the bill of rights, and wrote several essays for the Federalist. HE was a well listened to man of the day and represented Virginia. Bill of Rights- was a collection of the first 10 amendments to the Constitution that granted individual liberties, but also granted much power to the states. Madison penned them. Eleventh Amendment- Congress forced through this amendment that reversed Chisholm v. Georgia that allowed citizens to sue other states in civil cases. Bank of the United States- Was the predecessor to the modern Federal Reserve. The brainchild of Hamilton, it allowed for the United States to have a place to deposit tax revenues, and to be able to sell bonds. 4/5ths of the bank was owned by private interests. This got the bond theory of federal money going. Whiskey rebellion- was when the Congress passed a law taxing whiskey locally distilled. Since this ruined their profits, western Pennsylvania Farmers rebelled to keep their business alive. As usual, when the Army showed up, ordered by Washington, the crowds dispersed. The important thing is that this showed once and for all that citizens must obey the laws of Washington. Citizen Genet- was the French colonel who was sent by France to rile up the situation in America to the point where Washington would declare war on England to assist France in war. Genet got many soldiers from the south and west, but since France did not fund them, the expeditions to conquer Spanish lands failed. Jay�s treaty- In order to secure the western United States, Jay was dispatched to London. The treaty got British troops to finally leave U.S. soil. It conceded us rights to shipping, especially in Europe and the Caribbean, but at least it helped secure borders. Pinckney�s treaty- Allowed American traders to ship duty-free through New Orleans. Also, it recognized the 30th parallel as the border of Florida. Republicans- were the political party opposing the Federalists. They wanted to protect rights most of all. Jefferson emerged as their leader. XYZ affair- The French foreign minister would only talk to America if he received a generous bribe. It was around 12 million dollars. THE money would be received by 3 agents named �x, y, and z.� Alien and sedition acts-were a series of 4 acts that allowed the government to detain and deport immigrants without a charge, and could arrest anyone that would speak out against the government to cause an uprising. THE acts were used with too much authority during the Federalist�s reign. Virginia and Kentucky resolutions- Were the acts that were passed saying that a state had the right to reject a federal law if it found that the act eroded liberties of the state and the people. It superceded federal courts, so it was unpopular. Fugitive slave law of 1793- Stipulated that judges had to return fugitive slaves to their owners. Slaves were not allowed to present evidence of their freedom, and the law even extended to free blacks, although they had the right constitutionally. |