apusv1

Vocabulary Chapters 1 and 2

John smith- Was the Person who was sent to Jamestown by James I to bring order to the colony through military discipline, and he did. HE was saved in a mock execution by Chief Powhattan�s daughter Pocahontas. (See chapter 2)
John Winthrop- was a governor for the Massachusetts Bay colony. HE is famous for his �city on a hill� sermon that he gave to many puritans to encourage them to create a model society that would make the world want to start a colony like those of New England.
Rodger Williams- was a dissenting puritan. HE wanted Church and State to remain separate, and the Plymouth colony kicked him out along with his followers. HE went and established Providence, which would become Rhode Island, the only colony that at that time practiced religious toleration.
Anne Hutchinson- was a dissenting puritan who greatly disliked the puritan preachers. She believed that they were hypocritical in the fact that they could judge whether or not someone was saved, and thus totally ignore God�s judgment. She believed that only by looking inward could someone see if they were saved. She got booted form the puritans too and went to Rhode Island.
Half-Way covenant- created a loophole for those who did not wish to be saints in the puritan saints, to allow their children to become saints. THE church would only allow people to become saints if their parents were baptized. This charter allowed them to be baptized but not canonized.
Pueblo Revolt- was led by a pueblo Indian religious leader named Pope (with and accent on the last e). They (the pueblos) fought long and hard against the Spanish for their interference in pueblo culture. They killed over 400 colonists, including most priests.
King Phillip�s war- Indian chief Metacom, nicknamed King Phillip, led a war against the settlers in New England to stop the encroachment on their land. In the end, they killed 8000 cattle, and 600 colonists, but thousands of Indians died.
Bacon�s rebellion- A middle-class farmer named Nathaniel bacon was angry at the few rich growers holding a monopoly on all the good land, so bacon waged war with the Indians, and when the Jamestown settlers tried to stop them, they torched Jamestown. Bacon was caught and killed, though he died of dysentery.
Satan Act- the Old Deluder Satan Act required that there be in every village with 50 or more people, there be at least one teacher, and for everyone with 100 people or more, a grammar school.
Lord Baltimore- (a.k.a. Cecilius Calvert)- was given a grant for the land we today know as Maryland. HE founded it, and drafted the act of religious toleration. He was the proprietor of Maryland, and the colony was successful.

Joint Stock Companies- are the ancestors of modern businesses that sell shares of stock of ownership of their company to the public.
The Church of England- which is also known as the Anglican Church, was established around 1534 when King Henry the 8th of England wished to divorce his wife. When the pope refused, Henry forced through several acts in parliament that caused England to separate from the Roman Catholic Church and declare the king of England the head of the church. The church structure and beliefs closely resemble that of the Roman Catholics.
Puritanism- The beliefs of this group of people differed greatly than those of the Church of England. They believe that the Church of England should be purged of all connections to the Catholics. Their militant Calvinism and their eagerness to preach caused the tide of public opinion to sway against them, and thus they fled to America where they would be free to preach rather than take communion, and such they formed tight-knit communities in the new world.
Vasco de Balboa- In 1513 this Spanish explorer reached the pacific after crossing the Isthmus of Panama.
Samuel de Champlain- Was the French explorer, who in 1609 established the first colony at Quebec in present day Canada.
The Lost Colony- is also known as the colony of Roanoke. Built in Virginia, the colony just disappeared after a few years of being cut off front the outside world. The colony�s forces killed the chief of the local Indians, and that along with the probable attack form the warring Spanish are just some reasons that could possible explain Roanoke, the lost city.
Captain John Smith- was the man whom King James the first sent to Jamestown to bring order and discipline to the colony which had fallen on bad times. Because of his leadership, Jamestown survived and thrived.
Jamestown�s starving time- was the time from settlement to the time before the coming of John Smith. IN that time anarchy was rampant and nothing was accomplished.
Pocahontas-was the daughter of the Powhatan Confederacy�s leader. She supposedly saved his life through a mock execution. She married John Rolfe, a tobacco mogul, after the Anglo-Powhatan wars.
Peter Minuit- was a Dutchman who settled in America in 1626 and was the person who famously bought Manhattan island from the Indians for a few trinkets. HE rose to lead the new Netherlands settlement.
Beaver Wars- were when the Iroquois confederacy ran out of fur bearing animals in their homeland. So they invaded weaker Indian lands in the Ohio region with the purpose of obtaining more furs to satisfy European demand.
The Mayflower Compact- was a set of rules and laws that established the Plymouth Plantation Colony, and governed how those on board the Mayflower, and their descendants would behave. It was among the first constitution type documents the nation saw.