Bone Functions & Types of Bones

Bone Functions
Stores Minerals
Bones store minerals, of which calcium and phosphorus are particularly important.

Protects Vital Organs
Bones cover or shield vital organs in the body and protect them from injury.  Also the vertebral column and skull protect the spinal cord and brain which are also vital parts of the body.

Allows for Body Movement
Bones and joints provide with muscles controlled movement.  Bones provide something for muscles to grab hold of.  The bones used as levers with a pair of muscles allows both contracting motions and extending motions.

Produces Blood Cells
In the epiphysis of long bones red blood cells and some white blood cells are formed by red marrow.  Red blood cells do a variety of functions including carry oxygen throughout the body.  White blood cells are used to help fight off infections.

Provides Structure and Support of Body
The skeletal system made of hard and stiff bones creates a strong framework of support for the body to be built upon.  The parts of the lower apendicular skeleton support the weight of the body and therefore are made up of the biggest bones with the biggest muscles to help them move.  The bones of the back also support the body's weight.

Types of Bones

Long Bones
Long bones have a long, cylindrical shaft that has thicker end shapes to fit the bones to which they are connected.  Long bones serve as levers in the body's movement.  Some examples of long bones are the femurs, tibias, fibulas, metatarsals, phalanges and there counterparts in the arms and hands.  Also, the clavicles are long bones.

Flat Bones
Flat bones consist of two plates of hard bone with a softer material between them making them thin with broad surfaces.  They usually serve to protect vital body organs.  The ribs, sternum and illium are examples of flat bones.

Short or Irregular Bones
Short bones are made up of soft material covered with a thin layer of hard bone.  Their size and shape vary but are usually compact in nature.  They are distributed throughout the body with many of them in the carpals and tarsals.


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