Cell Summary

Similarities and difference in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Similarities

Differences

They both have DNA

They have different cells walls

They are membrane bound

Different sizes

Similar metabolism

Eukaryotic has a more complex form of DNA than the prokaryotic.

Both are amazingly diverse in their form

The DNA of the prokaryotes floats freely while the DNA of eukaryotes are held in the nucleus.

Cell Membrane                                                                      

  1. Structure – Of the cell membrane is the lipid bilayer (double layer of lipids.) and numerous proteins important to the cell activity.
  2.  Function - Controls what enters and leaves

  Nucleus                                                                                                                       

  1. Structure – double membranes surrounding a dense area and thread like structures.
  2. Function - control the cells activities and hold heredity information         

 Mitochondrion                                                                                         

  1. Structure – Are membrane bound organelles with a double membrane 
  2. Function – energy producers

  Endoplasmic Reticulum                                                                                                                         

    a.  Structure – Is attached to the nuclear membrane (or, can be…) and has a smooth “ER” which is attached to the rough “ER”. The rough “ER has ribosome’s attached to it, while the smooth ”ER” does not.  

    b.  Function –Transport network for molecules

  Golgi Apparatus                                                                                                                      

  1. Structure – Is stacked like “many flat pancakes stacked on top of each other.” When it is really a stack of membranes. 
  2. Function - Modifies molecules and packages them
 

Ribosomes                                                                                                       

  1. Structure – 2 subunits
  2. Function –These are the sites where RNA is translated into protein.

 

Vacuoles                                                                 
  1. Structure –Single membrane
  2.  Function - These transport and store nutrients, waste products, and other molecules
 

Lysosomes                                                                               

  1. Structure – Sacs that hold enzymes.  

   b.  Function -  digests materials

 

Microfilaments & microtubules
  1. structure- They are made tublin subunits and actin subunits

function- To hold the cells shape and allow the cell to change shape and for movement.

                                            

Chloroplast
  1. Structure- They have double membranes they are in plants and other “photosynthesizing” organisms.
  2. Function- These organelles are the site of photosynthesis (produce food).    

 

Differences between plant and animal cells

 

            The plant cells have cell walls.

             Plant cells have vacuole 

            The plant cells have chloroplasts.

             Flowering plants do not have centrioles. 

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