Body Fat % Girth Measurements

Body Composition

Body Fat % Girth Measurements


Introduction
Task
Materials
Process
Analyze
Resources
Conclusion
Evaluation

Homework
Practice
Critical Thinking
New Challenges
Standards

Introduction
Each time we step onto a scale, we anxiously watch the dial spinning, horrified that it will stop at FAT! This is a tragic experience that we all have in common and maybe its time to look beyond the dial.
When we look at the scale we are seeing the combined weight of our skin, blood, internal organs, skeletal system, muscles, and other structures of the human body that I�m sure we don�t want to loose. Our body composition is made up of many parts that we need in order to survive, one of which is fat. Total fat in the human body is classified into two types: essential fat and storage fat.
Essential fat is needed for normal physiological functions, and without it human health deteriorates. This type of fat is found in such tissues as muscles, nerve cells, bone marrow, intestines, heart, liver, and lungs. This essential fat constitutes about 3% of the total weight in men and 12% in women. The percentage in women is higher because it includes sex-specific fat, such as the fat found in the breast tissue, the uterus, and other sex-related fat deposits.
Storage fat is the fat stored in adipose tissue, mostly beneath the skin and around major organs in the body. This fat serves three basic functions:
1. As an insulator to retain body heat.
2. As energy substrate for metabolism.
3. As padding against physical trauma to the body.
The amount of storage fat does not differ between men and women, except that men may store fat around the waist and women more so around the hips and thighs. Keeping this in mind, let�s look at our body composition.

Task

Your Challenge:

  • Define body composition and its relationship to percent of body fat and recommended body weight.
  • Explain the difference between essential and storage fat.
  • Assess body composition using the girth measurements technique.

    Materials

    Materials:

  • Standard cloth measuring tape: units in centimeters (cm.) & inches (in.)
  • Scale to measure body weight
  • Calculators
  • Tables

    Process

    Note: Please keep in mind that you should never rely on one assessment when evaluating you body composition. There are many variables that influence your results (i.e., degree of error in measurement, precision of reliability of the measurements, etc.). Using a variety of techniques and implementing the process of scientific method will help you learn about human physiology and concepts of a healthier life style.

    Body Fat Assessment According to Girth measurements for Females

    Note: The techniques of body fat assessment according to girth measurements varies according to sex. Please use the proper procedures and tables for your sex.

    1. Measure your body weight in pounds (lb.):

    2. Using the cloth tape measure, determine the following girth measurements in centimeters (cm.):
      Upper Arm: take the measurement halfway between the shoulder and the elbow:
      Hip: measure at the point of largest circumference:
      Wrist: take the measurement in front of the bones where the wrist bends:

    3. Your age (years):

    Calculations:

    1. Using the table provided for females, find the girth measurements for each body position and age in the left-hand columns. Look up the constant values in the right-hand columns. These values will allow you to derive body density (BD) by substituting the constant in the following formula:

    Body Density = Constant (upper Arm) � Constant (Age) � Constant (Hip) + Constant (Wrist)

    BD = A � Y � H + W

    2. Using the derived body density (BD), calculate percent of body fat (%F) according to the following equation:

    %F = (495 � BD) � 450

    Conversion Constants from Girth Measurements to Calculate Body Density for Females

    Upper Arm cmConstant AAgeConstant YHip cmConstant HHip cmConstant HWrist cmConstant W
    20.51.096617.008679.0.0957114.5.138813.0.0819
    21.01.095418.009179.5.0963115.0.139413.2.0832
    21.51.094219.009680.0.0970115.5.140013.4.0845
    22.01.093020.010280.5.0976116.0.140613.6.0857
    22.51.091921.010781.0982116.5.141213.8.0807
    23.01.090781.5.0988117.0.141814.0.0882
    23.51.089582.0994117.5.142414.2.0895
    24.01.088382.5.1000118.0.143014.4.0908
    24.51.087183.0.1006118.5.143614.6.0920
    25.01.086083.5.1012119.0.144214.8.0933
    25.51.084884.0.1018119.5.144815.0.0946
    26.01.083684.5.1024120.0.145415.2.0958
    26.51.082485.0.1030120.5.146015.4.0971
    27.01.081385.5.1036121.0.146615.6.0983
    27.51.080186.0.1042121.5.147215.8.0996
    28.01.078986.5.1048122.0.147916.0.1009
    28.51.077787.0.1054122.5.148516.2.1021
    29.01.077587.5.1060123.0.149116.4.1034
    29.51.075488.0.1066123.5.149716.6.1046
    30.01.074288.5.1072124.0.150316.8.1059
    30.51.073089.0.1079124.5.150917.0.1072
    31.01.071889.5.1085125.0.151517.2.1084
    31.51.070790.0.1091125.5.152117.4.1097
    32.01.069590.5.1097126.0.152717.6.1109
    32.51.068391.0.1103126.5.153317.8.1122
    33.01.067191.5.1109127.0.153918.0.1135
    33.51.066692.0.1115127.5.154518.2.1147
    34.01.064892.5.1121128.0.155118.4.1160
    34.51.063693.0.1127128.5.155818.6.1172
    35.01.062493.5.1133129.0.1563
    35.51.061294.0.1139129.5.1569
    36.01.060194.5.1145130.0.1575
    36.51.058995.0.1151130.5.1581
    37.01.057795.5.1157131.0.1587
    37.51.056596.0.1163131.5.1593
    38.01.055496.5.1169132.0.1600
    38.51.054297.0.1176132.5.1606
    39.01.053097.5.1182133.0.1612
    39.51.051898.0.1188133.5.1618
    40.01.050698.5.1194134.0.1624
    40.51.049599.0.1200134.5.1630
    41.01.048399.5.1206135.0.1636
    41.51.0471100.0.1212135.5.1642
    42.01.0459100.5.1218136.0.1648
    42.51.0448101.0.1224136.5.1654
    43.01.0434101.5.1230137.0.1660
    43.51.0424102.0.1236137.5.1666
    44.01.0412102.5.1242138.0.1672
    103.0.1248138.5.1678
    103.5.1254139.0.1685
    104.0.1260139.5.1691
    104.5.1266140.0.1697
    105.0.1272140.5.1703
    105.5.1278141.0.1709
    Note: The techniques of body fat assessment according to girth measurements varies according to sex please use the proper procedures and tables for your sex.

    Body Fat Assessment According to Girth measurements for Males

    1. Record your age in years:

    2. Record your height in centimeters (cm.):

    3. Measure your body weight in pounds (lb.):

    4. Using a cloth measuring tape, determine the following girth measurements in inches (in.):
      Waist: measure at the umbilicus (belly button).
      Wrist: measure in front of the bones where the wrist bends.

    Calculations:

    1. Subtract the wrist measurement from the waist measurement.

    2. Locate your percent of body fat (%F) using the difference obtained in calculation step 1 above and your body weight.

  • Enter your body weight (in lbs.)
  • Enter the results of your wrist subtracted from your waist
  • Submit the information to obtain you estimated percent of body fat

    Body Weight (in lbds):



    Waist - Wrist (in inches):


    Enter your data and calculations in Fat % According to Girth Measurements

    Data

    Females

    GenderAgeHeightWeightUpper ArmHipWrist%F
    female13162.6cm88.5kg34cm125cm17cm38.2%
    female13158.75cm46.7kg26.5cm79cm13.1cm16.1%
    female13162.6cm54.4kg23.1cm79.5cm14.5cm8.9%
    female13167.6cm58.1kg37.4cm90.2cm14.8cm28.7%
    female14160.0cm70.7kg30.2cm102cm16.4cm22.8%
    female14164.5cm54.9kg25cm90cm13cm20.7%
    female14160.0cm56.7kg26cm82cm17cm6.5%
    female14157.5cm56.7kg27.5cm77.3cm17.4cm38.2%
    female14157.5cm55.3kg24cm97.4cm14.8cm18.6%
    female14152.4cm44.5kg21cm82cm14.5cm8.0%
    female14154.9cm52.6kg18.1cm87cm15cm38.2%
    female14165.7cm61.2kg31.3cm102cm17cm22.7%
    female14180.3cm86.2kg39.4cm118.5cm16.6cm38.2%
    female14167.6cm59.0kg26.6cm102cm16.4cm19.1%
    female14157.5cm45.8kg24cm81cm14.5cm11.0%
    female14166.4cm65.8kg26.8cm100cm16.5cm18.6%
    female14170.2cm88.9kg39.65cm117.8cm18.6cm38.2%
    female14160.0cm62.1kg28.4cm94.2cm18.4cm11.5%
    female14173.3cm88.0kg35.8cm91.7cm16.3cm24.0%
    female14160.0cm72.1kg29.4cm103.0cm16.7cm22.3%
    female14169.5cm83.9kg35.2cm104.0cm15.9cm30.5%
    female14165.1cm59.9kg29.2cm92.3cm16.1cm17.3%
    female14162.6cm48.5kg26.5cm83.0cm15.5cm11.8%
    female14157.5cm66.7kg32.2cm116.6cm15.2cm34.9%
    female15157.5cm81.6kg34.6cm113.2cm17.4cm31.4%
    female15144.8cm47.2kg22.0cm89.0cm13.5cm16.1%
    female15165.1cm68.0kg31.8cm87.3cm15.2cm20.7%
    female15147.3cm63.5kg31.0cm96.5cm15.0cm25.1%
    female15165.1cm48.5kg22.0cm79.5cm13.2cm11.6%

    Males

    GenderAgeHeightWeightWaistWrist%F
    Male13165.1cm81.2kg102.0cm18.2cm28%
    Male14185.4cm83.9kg81.5cm17.3cm10%
    Male14180.3cm70.3kg80.2cm16.5cm11%
    Male14176.5cm45.8kg69.3cm16.4cm
    Male14171.5cm51.3kg71.1cm15.9cm
    Male14139.7cm55.3kg79.5cm16.5cm14%
    Male14167.6cm65.3kg72.0cm17.0cm
    Male14171.5cm47.6kg63.5cm15.2cm
    Male14152.4cm49.9kg57.4cm23.2cm
    Male14162.6cm54.4kg80.8cm16.2cm18%
    Male15171.5cm59.0kg73.7cm16.5cm5%
    Male15175.3cm56.7kg81.3cm17.0cm15%
    Male15154.9cm43.1kg71.1cm15.2cm
    Male16176.5cm86.2kg73.0cm17.5cm5%
    Male16175.9cm58.1kg73.0cm15.5cm5%
    Male16172.7cm89.8kg109.2cm18.8cm32%
    Male16162.6cm68.5kg70.9cm17.0cm
    Male16168.9cm61.7kg74.0cm17.6cm3%

    Standards

    NYSED, Learning Standards for Mathematics, Science and Technology
    NYCED, Performance Standards for Science
    NYCED, Performance Standards for Mathematics
    The Core Curriculum Living Environment
    Physical and Health Education

    NYSED, Learning Standards for Mathematics, Science and Technology

    Standard 1:

  • Students will use mathematical analysis and scientific inquiry to pose questions, seek answers and develop solutions.

    • Standard 2:

  • Students will access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies.

    • Standard 3:

  • Students will use data analysis to communicate and reason mathematically.

    • Standard 4:

  • Students will apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories pertaining to the living environmentThe Core Curriculum Living Environment.

    • The Core Curriculum Living Environment

    Standard 1 Inquiry - Key Idea 1 - Performance Indicator 1.3

    Major Understanding

  • Scientific explanations are accepted when they are consistent with experimental and observational evidence and when they make accurate predictions

    • NYCED, Performance Standards for Science

    S4 Scientific Connections and Applications:

  • S4c Demonstrates an Understanding of Health

    • S5 Scientific Thinking:

  • S5e Identifies problems: proposes and implements solutions; and evaluates the accuracy of data collection

  • S5f Works individually and in teams to collect and share information and ideas

    • S6 Scientific Tools and Technologies:

  • S6b Records and stores data using a varity of formats

  • S6c Collects and analyses data using concepts and techniques in Mathematics Standard 4

    • S7 Scientific Communication:

  • S7b Argues from evidence

  • S7d Explains a scientific concept or procedure to other students

  • S7e Communicates in a form suited to the purpose and audience

    • S8 Scientific Investigation:

  • S8a Demonstrates scientific competence by completing a controlled experiment

    • NYCED, Performance Standards for Mathematics

    M1 Number and Operation Concepts:

  • M1a Use addition and division

  • M1e Represents numbers in decimal

    • M3 Function and Alegebra Concepts:

  • M3i Represents fuctional relationships in formulas, tables, and translates between them

  • M3k Makes predictions by interpolating or extrapulating from given data

    • M4 Satistics and Probability Concepts:

  • M4a Organizes, analyzes, and displays single-variable data choosing appropriate frequency distributions, plots

  • M4e Formulates hypotheses to answer a question and uses data to test hypotheses

    • M7 Mathematical Communication:

  • M7a Is familiar with basic mathematical terminology; median, range

  • M7c Organize work and present mathematical procedures and results correctly

  • M7f Explain mathematical concepts clearly enough to be of assistance to those who may be having difficulty

    • M8 Putting Mathematics to Work:

  • M8a Data Study

    • Physical and Health Education

    Human Physiology Through Self Awarenes

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