Agent-Based Framework for Forest Planning
Author Rasol   Manaf�
Abstract Owing to   dynamically changing environment inherent to forestry demands and   expectations, a shift from application-centric to agent-centric   for information processing often becomes necessary in   forestry planning. Forest Management systems as a vital part of forest   planning systems have to master these latest requirements, i.e. forest   management systems have to deal with complexity and uncertainty. The   motivation for this study is based on the study that a rigid centralized   approach to forestry planning and control is no longer suitable. Therefore,   this thesis advocates an agent-based approach as a means of supporting   operationally resource-centered management systems towards a dynamic and   flexible conduct, nowadays essential in forest planning. The core of this   thesis presents a modeling and simulation framework integrating concepts of   the fields of management dynamic, forest growth simulation management,   artificial intelligence, and object-oriented concurrent programming. As such,   the work is at the crossroads of these fields. The framework features three   modeling levels. The resulting models can be verified separately utilizing   the existing developed  simulation kernel. Physical layout considerations-such as the projection of forest   growth and yield -are mapped on the reactive level. Operational issues are   addressed at the deliberative level, meaning that directions are given on how to   activate a reactive system. Organizational structures and task   responsibilities regarding the operations are modeled on the coordination   level. The organizations being mapped on the management coordination level of this   framework are multi-agent systems providing means for forest planning   systems in their striving to improve their dynamically to the situational   conditions of the envirinment.

   In order to efficiently support forest planning systems, multi-agent   systems must follow the structural guidelines as proposed by forest   management. Operationalized, the framework supports recursively structured   multi-agent systems, in which the behaviors of planning, scheduling and   execution can be found in every multi-agent system. Thus, a behavior   determines an agent's entire action selection, denoted also as capabilities.

   The advanced level of dynamic conduct as a source for building multi-criteria   decision making in forest planning is supported in a way that agents feature multiple levels of   adaptation. Owing to the multi-level unified process, robustness can be   gained by satisfying uncertainty. In order to maintain the system's   consistency, the adjustment of agents' variety is brought about by the   introduction of constraint blocks, so called
Object Constraint Language (OCL) to be respected by them. The information   base of agents is embodied by their knowledge bases and internal models.

   Additionally, a note has been made between problem solving agents   (management agents) and decision-supporting agents (service agents).   Multi-agent systems containing management agents are being developed on the   coordination level and are subject to performance assessments regarding their   organizational structure. The primary reason for the introduction of the   coordination  level is not the analysis of algorithmic competence, but rather to   examine its utilization by problem solving  agents.

   The conceptual development of agents is technically backed up by an   implementation based on an active object approach, which allows agents   communication and process autonomy. The conceptual separation of the three   modeling levels is technically supported as well. However, agents must   interfere on the deliberative level. Mediators or Agent Request Brokers as special types of service agents   can encapsulate objects on the deliberative level. As a result, the mediators are   able to redirect the information flow to managerial agents, which was   originally connecting the objects on the deliberative  level. Thus, these agents   are, among other things, able to allocate resources differently than   originally planned.
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