Appendix 3.

The data from papers which purport to determine the changes in body composition at various fat levels (expressed as mean fat weight – MFW) with various diets. Forty one of these are the references quoted as the basis of Figures 11a and 11b In the Prentice et al (1991) paper (including those in the original Forbes (1987) paper). The remainder come from other papers between 1960 and 2000 which are reputed to provide equivalent data.

Table Appendix 3a gives a summary of the basic information about the study. It specifically summarises whether the study abides by the criteria defined at the July SCOOP Meeting, why it must be rejected on the basis of these criteria, or whether (“Provisional”) it abides by the criteria, save that it is a study of a food based diet between 800 and 1200kcal.

ID		No subj		M/F	kcals	Prot g		CHO g		Fat g		BMI		Method
Coxon et al, 1989					Reject	Bioelect imped, inadequate data
1 A		12		0/12	405/	42/		44		8		>30		Futrex
1 B		14		0/14	800	+		+		+		>30		Futrex
Foster & Wadden,1990					Provisional	24 week study, food based
2		8		NS	1000-1200	60-75		150-180		10-13		NS		Densitometry Brozek/Siri
Wirth et al,					Reject	No densitometry, Food based study
3 D		20		10/10	300 (food)	C 35		C 20		C 10		>30		Fat layer by phased array scanning
3 D+E		20		10/10	300 (food)	C 35		C 20		C 10		30-45		Fat layer by phased array scanning
Barrows & Snook, 1987					Reject	Mean length 18 weeks (13-22), poor weight loss
4		14		NS	420	70		30						Densitometry with skinfold correction
Pavlou et al 1989					Reject	No densitometry, food based
5 D+E		15		0/15	1000									Impedence
5 D		16		0/16	1000									Impedence
Alban Davies et al, 1989					Reject	^{No densitometry, 800Diet made with skimmed milk (K load)}
6 (330)		8		0/8	330	34		44		3		39		⁴⁰K count
6 (780)		8		0/8	780	63		85		17		39		⁴⁰K count
Saris & van Dale 1989					Accept
7 D		34		45/17	714	51.6		75.5		21.7		?32		Densitometry
7 D+E		28			714	51.6		75.5		21.7				Densitometry
Heymsfield et al					Provisional	Food based, incomplete data
8 D		5		0/5	900	47		110		30		>30		Densitometry
8 D+E		6		0/6	900	47		110		30		>30		Densitometry
Hensen et al 1987					Reject	3 week periods only
9		7		?	800	76		122		1		>29.5		Bioelectrical impedance & skinfold
Hill et al 1987					Accept
10 D		3		0/3	800	44		95		27		30-39		Densitometry
10 D+E		5		0/5	800	44		95		27		30-39		Densitometry
Valtuena et al 1995					Accept	Also comparison with other determinations
11		9		0/9	458	52		46		6.5		43.6		Densit – Siri/ Bioelectr/ Nitrogen
Van Gaal et al 1992					Reject	Varying food diet for 3 months – poor weight loss
12		112		0/112	418 +food	50		79		1		38.1		Densitometry – Brozek
Weck et al					Reject	No data to determine mean fat weight
13 A		5		0/5	330	33		42		3		I >1.5		Tritiated water + micro Kjeldall
13 B		5		0/5	334	34		36		5				Tritiated water + micro Kjeldall
Van Gaal et al 1985					Reject	No densitometry
14		15		2/13	500	60		54		5		39.8		Skinfold + micro Kjeldall
Foster et al 1992					Reject	Tests done after 8 weeks re-feeding
15		68		?	3 various VL									Densitometry
Bogardus et al 1981					Provisional	Both were food based diets
16 A		4		0/4	830 (food)	73		74		27		25-39		Densitometry
16 B		4		0/4	830 (food)	73		2		59		25-39		Densitometry
Lantigua et al 1980					Reject	Hydrolysed collagen – inappropriate diet
17		6		1/5	300 (food)
Brown et al, 1983					Reject	^{Adolescents – no densitometry}
18		8		4/4	492-709	>84		>36		>2.4		>30		⁴⁰K count
Ballor et al 1988					Provisional	Food based
19 D		10		0/10	1200-1500 f	>81		>150		>31		?		Densitometry – Siri
19 DE		10		0/10	1200-1500 f	>81		>150		>31		?		Densitometry – Siri
Donnelly et al 1991					Accept
20D		26		0/26	519	50		79		1		M38		Densitometry – Brozek
20DE		16		0/16	519	50		79		1		M38		Densitometry – Brozek
20DW		18		0/18	519	50		79		1		M38		Densitometry – Brozek
20DEW		9		0/9	519	50		79		1		M38		Densitometry – Brozek
Hoie et al 1993					Reject	Futrex data only
21 F		86		?	430	61.5		30.5		6		25-51		Futrex 5000
21 M		47		?	430	61.5		30.5		6		25-51		Futrex 5000
21 All		133		?	430	61.5		30.5		6		25-51		Futrex 5000
Vansant et al, 1989					Reject	Food based, six months diet with limited data
22		15		14/1	675-720 f							M38.5		Impedence
Donnelly et al, 1994					Accept
23		112		0/112	418	50		79		1		M38.1		Densitometry – Brozek
De Groot et al,					Provisional	Food based
24 A		5		0/5	1090 f							M27.8		Densitometry
24 B		5		0/5	1180 f							M27.8		Densitometry
24 C		5		0/5	1147 f							M27.8		Densitometry
24 D		5		0/5	997 f							M27.8		Densitometry
Hammer et al, 1989					Provisional	Food based
25 D		8		0/8	C800 f							M32.2		Densitometry – Brozek
25 DE		6		0/6	C800 f							M32.2		Densitometry – Brozek
Deurenberg et al, 1989					Provisional	Food based
26 A		13			1000 f	50		125		33				Densitometry
26 B		13			1000 f	50		125		33				Bioelectrical
Passmore et al, 1958					Provisional	Food based
27		7		2/5	C400 f	C25		C40		C15				?
Leiter et al, 1982					Reject	Starvation – hunger strikers, no real data
28		10
Yang & Van Itallie,					Reject	10 days only – Kjeldall only
29		6			800									Kjeldall
Kamrath et al, 1992					Reject	Futrex only used
30		11			605	70		70						Futrex-500
Ballor et al, 1990					Provisional	Food based
31 DE+		14		0/14	1200 f	60		155		34				Densitometry – Siri
31 DE		13		0/13	1200 f	60		155		34				Densitometry – Siri
Fricker et al, 1991					Reject	3 weeks only
32		6		0/6	variable							30-38		Bioelectrical impedence + Kjeldall
Donnelly, Jacobsen et al 1994					Accept	Note – figures read from charts
33 D		24		0/24	520	50		79		1				Densitometry – Brozek
33 DE		16		0/16	520	50		79		1				Densitometry – Brozek
33 DT		24		0/24	520	50		79		1				Densitometry – Brozek
33 DET		18		0/18	520	50		79		1				Densitometry – Brozek
33 D4e		9		0/9	520	50		79		1				Densitometry – Brozek
33 DT4E		11		0/11	520	50		79		1				Densitometry – Brozek
Bjorntorp et al, 1975					Reject	Food based, 28 (15-48 weeks)
34		28		0/28	1100	66		127		34				⁴⁰K
Vaswani et al, 1983					Reject	Food based, not densitometry
35 A		10		0/10	800	70		10		75		>130%		Various not densitometry
35 B		7		0/7	800	70		70		38		>130%		Various not densitometry
Warnold et al, 1978					Reject	Food variable amount, not densitometry
36		8		0/8	800-1100									Various not densitometry
Bessard et al 1983					Reject	Variable food, skinfold measurement
37		5		0/5	variable							152%+		Skinfold
Young et al 1971					Reject	Diet interrupted in middle by vacation
38 A					1800			104						Densitometry, skinfold
38 B					1800			60						Densitometry, skinfold
38 C					1800			30						Densitometry, skinfold
Ravussin et al, 1985					Reject	Food variable length, variable amount
39		7		2/5	1000-1500									Skinfold
Belko et al, 1985					Provisional	Food
40 A		5		0/5	1250							115+		Densitometry
40 B		5		0/5	1250							115+		Densitometry
Stallings et al, 1992					Reject	“variable compliance” Adolescents
41 A		7		2/5	800/850	Variable								Skinfold
41 B		7		2/5	800/850	Variable								⁴⁰K
41 C		7		2/5	800/850	Variable								¹⁸O – H₂O
Dore et al					Reject	Food, no details, 1 year diet
42		19		0/19	No details									⁴⁰K
Phinney et al					Reject	Food based
43		6		1/5	500-750	2g/kg
Jacobsen et al, 1964					Provisional	Food based, adolescents
44 A	20				1100-1350	C 170							Densitometry
44 B	20				1100-1350	C 170							Densitometry
Welle et al					Reject	Not densitometry
45	6		0/6		400	70	30		1		168%		⁴⁰K
Jebb et al 1993					Reject	12 days only, Food
46		3		0/3	830							20.4+		Fat balance
Belko et al, 1987					Provisional	Food based
47 D		5		0/5	C1200			C 160-180						Densitometry
47 D+E		6		0/6	C 1200			C 160-180						Densitometry
Heshka et al, 1990					Reject	Food various amounts, 9 to 42 months
48		35			various							M36.3		⁴⁰ K
Hendler et al, 1988					Reject	3 weeks only
49 A		9		0/9	436	45		54		2		>45		Urinary creatinine + Kjeldall
49 B		8		0/8	439	105		2		2		>45		Urinary creatinine + Kjeldall
Elliott et al, 1989					Reject	Food, variable length, ? post test taken 4 weeks post diet.
50		7		0/7	C 300	C 45						37.6		Densitometry
Ditschuneit et al, 1983					Accept
51		10		0/10	444	50		45		7				Densitometry
Kreitzman et al, 1993					Accept
52		10		0/10	405	42		44		8		32.1		Densitometry, various
Archibold et al 1983					Reject	Food based, adolescents, 10 received extra K
53 A		17		4/13	687-1192	2.4/kg								Skin fold,
53 B		7		?	687-1192	2.4/kg								⁴⁰ K
Lohman					Reject	Review only, no data
54
Barnard et al 1969					Reject	Effect of fasting only
55
Woo et al,1982					Reject	Normal diet, effect of exercise only
56
Gray et al 1989					Reject	Just obesity, no information on dieting
57
Keys et al,1950					Prov	Minnesota study – see text
58		32		32/0	1569	Food						21.7		Densitometry
Van dale & Saris, 1989					Accept
59A		7		0/7	722	51.6		75.5		21.7		33.7		Densitometry
59B		7		0/7	813	52.0		94.0		25.0		33.7		Densitometry
Atomi et al, 1987					Prov	Food based
60		8		0/8	1200	60								Densitometry
Nieman et al, 1988					?Prov	3 of group ? which , skinfold only*
61 D		10			1300	Food						30		Densitometry*
61 DE		11			1300	Food						30		Densitometry*
Rath et al, 1964					Prov	Food based – various procedures
62 D		16		0/16	1200	90		120		40				Densitometry
62 D+T					1200	90		120		40				Densitometry
62 DE					1200	90		120		40				Densitometry
Young et al					Reject	10 day holiday in middle of study
63
Wadden, Foster et al 1990					Prov	17 weeks
64		9		0/9	420	70		30		2		39.7		Densitometry
Wadden & Stunkard 1986 & 1988					Reject	The basic data is not clear on composition
65

Table Appendix 3b gives the data on which the Forbes/Prentice type graph can be established. “Accepted” and “Provisional” ratios and MFW are shown bold. This is the data used for Figures 4 and 5.

ID	Pre Wt	Post Wt	D Wt	Pre Fat		Post Fat		D Fat	Pre FFM	Post FFM	D FFM	DFFM/D Wt	Mean Fat
Coxon et al 1989		Reject	8 weeks	No densitometry, negligible data							Impedence		Prentice
1 (405)			-15.4								-6.4	-0.42
1 (800)			-9.0								-4.0	-0.44
Foster & Wadden 1990		Prov	24 weeks	Food based – 24 weeks, 1200kcal							Densitometry		Prentice
2	106.9	95.6	-11.3	54.7		45.1		-9.6	52.2	50.5	-1.7	-0.15	49.9
Wirth et al,		Reject	4 weeks	No densitometry, mixed food diet, 300kcal							Fat layer measure		Prentice
3 DO	102.5	93.7	-8.8	29.9		24.3		-5.6	72.6	69.4	-3.2	-0.36	27.1
3 D+E	95.7	84.6	-11.1	25.6		18.3		-7.3	70.1	66.3	-3.8	-0.34	21.9
Barrows et al 1987		Reject	Me 18 w	22 weeks study, poor weight loss, 420 kcal							Densitometry		Prentice
4	85.8	67.2	-19.9	38.4		23.0		-15.4	47.3	44.2	-3.1	-0.16	30.7
Pavlou et al, 1989		Reject	8 weeks	No densitometry, food based, 1000kcal							Impedence		Prentice
5 D	75.5	67.7	-4.47	24.8		18.3		-6.56	50.7	49.4	-1.3	-0.02	21.5
5 D+E	79.3	73.0	-6.3	29.5		24.0		-5.5	49.8	49.0	-0.8	- 0.13	26.7
Alb Davies et al, 1989		Reject	8 weeks	No densitometry, 780kcal problem with K							⁴⁰ K		Prentice
6 (330)	103	87	-15.7	53.6		44.2		-9.4	49.4	43.1	-6.3	-0.40	49.1
6 (780)	100	88	-11.8	51.6		43.0		-8.6	48.4	45.2	-3.2	-0.28	47.3
Saris et al 1989		Accept	5 weeks	714 kcals, formula based							Densitometry		Prentice
7 D	90.4	80.8	-9.6	34.5		27.2		-7.3	55.9	53.6	-2.3	-0.24	30.85
7 D+E	93.9	82.9	-11.0	36.4		27.4		-9.0	57.5	55.5	-2.0	-0.18	31.9
Heymefield et al		Prov	33 days	Food based 900kcals							Densitometry		Prentice
8 D			-7.0				-4.4				-2.6	-0.37
8 D+E			-7.5				-5.3				-2.2	-0.29
Hensen et al, 1987		Reject	3 weeks		No densitometry, 3 weeks only, 800kcal						Skinfold, Impedence		Prentice
9			-4.1				-0.7				-0.7	-0.17
Hill et al, 1987		Accept	5 weeks	800kcals, formula based							Densitometry		Prentice
10 Da	102.9	92.6	-10.3	47.7		41.2	-5.5		55.2	51.4	-3.8	-0.37	43.9
10 Db	88.2	81.5	-6.7	36.8		33.6	-3.2		51.4	47.9	-3.5	-0.52	35.2
10 Dc	98.8	92.0	-6.8	44.2		40.3	-3.9		54.6	51.7	-2.9	-0.43	42.3
10 D Me	96.6	88.7	-7.9	42.9		38.4	-4.5		53.7	50.3	-3.4	-0.41	40.6
10 Dea	109.4	101.1	+1.7	52.1		47.1	-5.0		51.4	54.1	+2.7	+1.60	49.6
10 Deb	94.4	87.8	-6.6	47.3		42.6	-4.7		47.1	45.2	-1.9	-0.26	45.0
10 Dec	97.5	88.6	-8.9	33.1		29.6	-3.5		64.4	59.0	-5.4	-0.60	31.3
10 Ded	97,7	86.8	-10.9	47.0		38.2	-8.8		50.7	48.6	-2.1	-0.19	42.6
10 Dee	93.8	87.3	-6.5	37.0		31.8	-5.2		56.8	55.5	-1.3	-0.20	34.4
10DE Me	98.6	90.3	-8.3	43.3		37.9	-5.5		54.1	52.5	-2.6	-0.31
Valtuena et al, 1995		Accept	4 weeks	458kcals formula							Densitometry		New
11a	122.2	114.4	-7.8	60.1		52.3	-7.8		62.1	61.9	-0.2	-0.03	56.1
11b	120	110.1	-7.9	55.4		48.7	-6.7		64.6	61.4	-3.2	-0.32	52.0
11c	135.8	125.2	-10.6	71.6		67.7	-3.9		64.2	57.5	-6.7	-0.63	69.7
11d	114.3	108.3	-6.0	61.1		57.2	-3.9		53.2	51.2	-2.1	-0.35	59.2
11e	116.9	108.7	-8.2	57.7		51.1	-5.6		59.2	56.6	-2.6	-0.32	53.9
11f	115.2	107.6	-7.6	55.4		50.1	-5.3		59.8	57.5	-2.3	-0.28	52.7
11g	89.9	82.6	-7.3	42.1		37.5	-4.6		47.8	45.1	-2.7	-0.36	39.8
11h	94.1	87.6	-6.5	46.5		41.6	-4.9		47.6	46.0	-1.6	-0.25	46.0
11I	114.7	103.0	-11.7	53.8		46.9	-6.9		60.9	56.1	-4.8	-0.41	50.4
11 Mean	113.7	105.3	-8.4	56.0		50.5	-5.5		57.7	54.8	-2.9	-0.35	50.4
Van Gaal et al		Reject	14 weeks	No densitometry, variable food 500 then 700 kcal							Impedence		New
12	97.0	81.4	-15.6	49.5		35.6	-13.9		47.5	45.8	-1.7	-0.11	42.6
Weck et al		Reject	4 weeks	No densitometry, inadequate data (330 & 334 kcal)							Tritiated water		New
13 (330)	96.7		-10.0				-5.1				-4.9	-0.49
13 (334)	99.3		-9.7				-7.2				-2.6	-0.28
Van Gaal et al, 1985		Reject	6 weeks	No densitometry – 500kcal							Skinfold		New
14	110.4	96.0	-14.4	55.8		41.1	-14.7		54.6	54.6	0	0	48.4
Foster et al, 1992		Reject	12 weeks	Post test after 8 weeks refeeding (240, 660 & 800 kcal)							Densitometry		New
15
Bogardus et al 1981		Prov	6 weeks	Food diet 830 kcal							Densitometry		Forbes
16 Aa	63.3	58.1	-5.2	22.2		18.8	-3.4		41.1	39.3	-1.7	-0.35	20.5
16 Ab	65.1	59.6	-5.5	25.4		20.6	-4.8		39.7	39.0	-0.7	-0.12	23.0
16 Ac	95,6	85.6	-10.0	39.2		33.5	-5.7		56.4	52.1	-4.3	-0.43	36.3
16 Ad	85.4	76.7	-8.7	35.0		29.6	-5.4		50.4	47.1	-3.3	-0.38	32.3
16 Ba	78.6	70.2	-8.4	32.2		27.1	-5.1		46.4	43.1	-3.3	-0.39	29.6
16 Bb	67.6	60.6	-7.0	21.0		16.5	-4.5		46.6	44.1	-2.5	-0.35	18.7
16 Bc	106.4	97.0	-9.4	50.0		40.5	-9.5		56.4	56.5	+0.1	+0.02	45.2
16 Bd	81.1	72.3	-8.8	30.0		26.1	-3.9		51.1	46.2	-4.9	-0.56	28.1
16 A Me	77.4	70.0	-7.4	30.2		25.4	-4.8		47.2	44.6	-2.6	-0.35	27.8
16 B Me	83.4	75.0	-8.4	32.5		26.8	-5.7		50.9	48.2	-2.7	-0.32	29.6
Lantigua et al 1980		Reject	40 days	Hydrolysed collagen, 300kcal									Forbes
17
Brown et al		Reject	5 weeks	No densitometry, adolescents, 504 kcal							⁴⁰K		Forbes
18a	143	130	-13.0	86.2		75.8	-10.4		56.8	54.2	-2.6	-0.20	81.0
18b	174	159	-15.0	105.8		87.6	-18.2		68.2	61.4	-6.8	-0.45	96.7
18c	149	131	-18.0	82.8		67.4	-15.4		66.2	63.6	-2.6	-0.14	75.1
18d	108	97	-11.0	48.3		44.2	-4.1		59.7	52.8	-6.9	-0.63	46.2
18e	133	120	-13.0	65.1		56.4	-8.7		67.9	63.6	-4.3	-0.33	60.7
18f	124	110	-14.0	58.8		48.8	-10.0		66.2	61.2	-5.0	-0.36	53.8
18g	126	111	-15.0	64.9		52.2	-12.7		61.1	58.8	-2.3	-0.15	58.5
18h	111	100	-11.0	56.2		52.5	-3.7		54.8	47.5	-7.5	-0.68	54.3
18 Mean	133	120	-13.5	71.0		60.6	-10.4		62.6	58.0	-4.7	-0.35	67.7
Ballor et al 1988		Prov	8 weeks	Food based diet c1200-1500 kcal							Densitometry – Siri		Prentice
19 D	75.19	70.72	-4.47	27.46		23.90	-3.56		47.73	46.82	-0.91	-0.20	25.7
19 DE	77.53	73.64	-3.89	29.91		25.59	-4.32		47.62	48.05	+0.43	+0.11	27.5
Donnelly et al 1991		Accept	90 days	519 kcal – exercise various							Densitometry – Brozek		New
20 D	105.3	84.9	-20.4	49.9		33.8	-16.1		55.3	50.6	-4.7	-0.22	41.8
20 DE	99.9	78.5	-21.4	46.6		30.0	-16.6		53.3	48.5	-4.8	-0.22	38.3
20 WT	101.7	80.8	-20.9	46.9		30.8	-16.1		54.7	50.0	-4.7	-0.22	38.8
20 EWT	100.3	77.4	-22.9	46.9		28.9	-18.0		53.3	49.2	-4.1	-0.18	37.9
Hoie et al		Reject	8 weeks	No densitometry – 430 Kcal							Futrex 5000		New
21 F	94.6	83.5	-11.1	40.3		31.8	-8.5		54.3	51.7	-2.6	-0.23	36.0
21 M	110.3	94.6	-15.7	39.2		27.9	-11.3		71.1	66.7	-4.4	-0.28	33.6
21 All	100.1	87.4	-12.7	39.9		30.4	-9.5		60.2	57.0	-3.2	-0.25	35.1
Vansant et al 1989		Reject	6 months	No densitometry, 700kcal, poor data							Impedence		Prentice
22									49.6	47.1	-2.5
Donnelly et al, 1994		Accept	12 weeks	418 kcal, some exercise							Densitometry		New
23	103	82.2	-20.8	48.2		31.5	-16.7		54.8	50.7	-4.1	-0.19	39.8
De Groot et al		Reject	4 weeks	Food based, 1090,1180,1147 & 997 kcal							Densitometry		Prentice
24 A	77.3	71.7	-5.6	31.3		26.2	-5.1		40.0	45.5	-0.5	-0.09	28.7
24 B	73.0	68.5	-4.5	27.6		22.8	4.8		45.4	43.7	-1.7	-0.37	25.2
24 C	86.2	80.2	-6.0	36.1		31.2	-4.9		50.1	49.0	-1.1	-0.18	33.6
24 D	75.3	70.0	-5.3	26.8		24.0	-2.8		48.5	46.0	-2.5	-0.47	25.4
Hammer et al, 1989		Prov	16 weeks	Food based c 800 kcal							Densitometry – Brozek		Prentice
25 D	89.1	79.6	-9.5	36.6		31.1	-5.5		56.1	54.5	-1.6	-0.17	33.8
25 DE	87.7	74.8	12.9	38.4		30.3	-8.1		53.2	50.1	-3.1	-0.24	34.3
Deurenberg et al 1989		Prov	8 weeks	Food based 1000 kcal							A Densitometry B Imp		Prentice
26 Aa	88.6	79.3	-9.3	44.3		36.5	-7.8		44.3	42.8	-1.5	-0.16	40.4
26 Ab	80.0	69.4	-10.6	33.8		28.5	-5.3		46.2	40.9	-5.3	-0.50	31.1
26 Ac	88.3	78.8	-9.5	41.2		33.1	-8.1		447.1	45.7	-1.4	-0.15	37.1
26 Ad	85.0	70.8	-14.2	40.7		27.8	-12.9		44.3	43.0	-1.3	-0.77	34.2
26 Ae	90.3	80.4	-9.9	37.1		31.8	-5.3		53.2	48.6	-4.6	-0.46	34.4
26 Af	86.4	78.7	-7.7	36.9		31.1	-5.8		49.5	47.6	-1.9	-0.25	34.0
26 Ag	84.6	78.6	-6.0	34.9		29.1	-5.8		49.7	49.5	-0.2	-0.03	32.0
26 Ah	100.3	91.1	-9.2	47.9		41.6	-6.3		52.4	49.5	-2.9	-0.32	44.7
26 Ai	107.3	92.5	-14.8	48.6		38.2	-10.4		58.7	54.3	-4.4	-0.30	43.4
26 Aj	78.0	72.4	-5.6	31.6		26.3	-5.3		46.4	46.1	-0.3	-0.05	28.9
26 Ak	109.6	98.0	-11.6	55.7		47.5	-8.2		53.9	50.5	-3.4	-0.29	51.6
26 Al	79.8	71.0	-8.8	36.1		28.0	-8.1		43.7	43.0	-0.7	-0.08	32.0
26 Am	101.1	88.6	-12.5	48.9		38.8	-10.1		52.2	49.8	-2.4	-0.19	43.0
26 AMe	90.7	80.7	-10.0	41.5		33.7	-7.8		49.4	47.0	-2.4	-0.24	37.6
26 Ba	88.6	79.3	-9.3	39.1		31.5	-7.6		49.5	47.8	-1.7	-0.18	35.3
26 Bb	80.0	69.4	-10.6	34.0		24.2	-9.8		46.0	45.2	-0.8	-0.08	29.1
26 Bc	88.3	78.8	-9.5	42.6		31.0	-11.6		45.7	47.8	+2.1	+0.22	36.8
26 Bd	85.0	70.8	-14.2	36.6		20.6	-16.0		48.4	50.2	+1.8	+0.12	28.6
26 Be	90.3	80.4	-9.9	38.1		27.4	-10.7		52.2	53.0	+0.8	+0.08	32.7
26 Bf	86.4	78.7	-7.7	36.8		30.5	-6.3		49.6	48.2	-1.4	-0.19	33.6
26Bg	84.6	78.6	-6.0	34.0		27.4	-6.6		50.6	51.2	+0.6	+0.10	30.7
26 Bh	100.3	91.1	-9.2	44.7		34.5	-10.2		55.6	56.6	+1.0	+0.11	39.6
26 Bi	107.3	92.5	-14.8	51.0		39.4	-11.6		56.3	53.1	-3.2	-0.21	45.2
26 Bj	78.0	72.4	-5.6	31.4		26.6	-4.8		46.6	45.8	-0.8	-0.13	31.0
26 Bk	109.6	98.0	-11.6	57.7		47.7	-10.0		51.9	50.5	-1.6	-0.14	52.7
26 Bl	79.8	71.0	-8.8	32.7		23.6	-9.1		47.1	47.4	+0.3	+0.04	28.1
26 Bm	101.1	88.6	-12.5	45.7		37.5	-8.2		55.4	51.1	-4.3	-0.31	41.6
26 BMe	90.7	80.7	-10.0	40.3		30.9	-9.4		50.4	49.8	-0.6	-0.06	35.6
Passmore et al, 1958		Reject	6 weeks	Food based 400kcal							Kjeldall		New
27 a			-13.4				-10.6				-2.8	-0.20
27 b			-16.3				-12.8				-3.4	-0.21
27 c			-16.0				-11.6				-4.4	-0.27
27 d			-15.0				-12.1				-2.9	-0.19
27 e			-13.0				-10.8				-2.8	-0.17
27 f			-17.3				-13.1				-4.2	-0.24
27 g			-16.0				-12.0				-4.0	-0.25
27 Me			-15.4				-11.9				-3.5	-0.22
Leiter et al, 1982		Reject		Hunger strikers, no real data									?
28
Yang & van Itallie,		Reject	10 days	Only 10 days, no densitometry							Kjeldall		New
29
Kamrath et al, 1992		Reject	8 weeks	No densitometry, 605 kcal							Futrex 5000		New
30	73.9	64.5	-9.4	22.8		15.7	-7.1		50.6	48.3	-2.3	-0.24	19.2
Ballor et al, 1992		Reject	8 weeks	Food based 1200 kcal, some exercise							Densitometry – Siri		?Prentice
31 DE++	79.1	73.1	-6.0	28.8		24.3	-4.5		50.3	48.8	-1.4	-0.23	26.5
31 DE	78.2	72.6	-5.6	29.4		24.7	-4.7		48.8	47.9	-0.9	-0.02	27.0
Fricker et al, 1991		Reject	3 weeks	3 weeks only, no densitometry, variable diet							Impedence/Kjeldall		New
32 a	74.9	68.1	-6.8	21.0		16.5	-4.5		53.9	51.6	-2.3	-0.34	18.7
32 b	90.4	82.1	-8.3	26.7		20.3	-6.4		63.7	61.8	-1.9	-0.23	23.5
32 c	92.4	82.8	-9.6	28.1		20.4	-7.7		64.3	62.4	-1.9	-0.20	24.3
32 d	81.0	72.1	-8.9	21.7		14.3	-7.4		58.3	57.8	-0.5	-0.05	18.0
32 e	89.8	79.4	-10.4	25.7		16.6	-9.1		63.1	62.8	-0.3	-0.03	21.1
32 f	94.8	83.6	-11.2	33.2		24.9	-8.3		61.6	58.7	-2.9	-0.26	29.0
32 Me	87.2	78.0	-9.2	26.1		18.8	-7.2		60.8	59.2	-1.6	-0.17	22.4
Donnelly et al, 1994		Accept	12 weeks	520 kcal, various exercise							Densitometry – Brozek		New
33 D	107.3	87.3	-20.0				-15.0				-5.0	-0.25
33 DE	99.3	77.8	-21.5				-16.8				-4.6	-0.21
33 DT	100.6	80.6	-20.0				-16.0				-3.8	-0.19
33 DET	102.3	81.8	-20.5				-16.5				-4.0	-0.20
33 C4E	95.6	76.7	-18.9				-14.9				-3.9	-0.21
33 W4E	101.6	84.1	-17.5				-14.9				-2.4	-0.14
Bjorntorp et al, 1975		Reject	Av 28wks	No densitometry, 15-48 weeks, Food based 1100kcal							⁴⁰ K		Forbes
34	100	85	-15	38		25	-13		62	60	-2	-0.13	31.5
Vaswani et al, 1983		Reject	12 weeks	Food based 800kcal, no densitometry, various methods							INVAA Nitr		Forbes
35 A (10)	81.54	69.79	-11.55	37.04		28.55	-8.49		44.50	41.24	-3.26	-0.29	32.9
35 B (7)	88.51	75.09	-13.42	42.27		35.69	-8.58		46.24	44.40	-1.84	-0.14	40.0
Wormald et al, 1978		Reject	12-40 w	Variable diet 800-1100kcal, no densitometry, variable length							⁴⁰K		Forbes
36	107.8	91.9	-15.9	28.7		18.5	-10.2		79.1	73.4	-5.7	-0.35	23.6
Bessard et al, 1983		Reject	11 weeks	No densitometry, variable food based 25kcal/kg							Skinfold		New
37	84.8	73.1	-12.1	33.2		24.0	-9.2		51.6	49.1	-2.5	-0.21	28.6
Young et al, 1971		Reject	?9 weeks	Diet interrupted by 1 week vacation, food based 1800kcal							Densitometry		Forbes
38 A	98.55	87.36	-11.19				-8.38				-2.81	-0.25
38 B	95.82	83.57	-12.25				-10.2				-1.05	-0.16
38 C	102.2	88.8	-14.00				-14.85				+0.85	+0.06
Ravussin et al, 1985		Reject	10-16 w	Variable diet 1000-150okcal, no desitometry, variable length							Skinfold		New
39	95.4	82.8	-12.6	35.8		26.6	-9.2		59.6	56.2	-3.4	-0.27	29.2
Belko et al, 1985		B - ? Prov	9 weeks	A only 3 weeks, B 9 weeks, 1250kcal, food based variable exer							Densitometry		Forbes
40 Aa	77.1	74.4	-2.7	27.6		26.4	-1.2		49.5	48.0	-1.5	-0.55	27.0
40 Ab	74.4	71.9	-2.5	26.4		24.5	-1.9		48.0	47.4	-0.6	-0.24	25.4
40 Ac	71.9	69.6	-2.3	24.5		21.8	-2.7		47.4	47.8	+0.4	+0.02	23.1
40 Ad	76.0	73.2	-2.8	28.9		27.4	-1.5		47.1	45.8	-1.3	-0.46	28.1
40 Ae	73.2	70.6	-2.6	27.4		25.8	-1.6		45.8	44.8	-1.0	-0.39	26.6
40 Af	70.6	68.1	-2.5	25.8		23.7	-2.1		44.8	44.4	-0.4	-0.16	24.7
40 Ba (5)	77.1	69.6	-7.5	27.6		21.8	-5.8		49.5	47.8	-1.7	-0.23	24.7
40 Bb (5)	76.0	68.1	-7.9	28.9		23.7	-5.2		47.1	44.4	-2.7	-0.34	26.3
Stallings et al, 1992		Reject	8 weeks	A Skinfold, B ⁴⁰K, C ¹⁸O water, no densit, adolescents							As shown		New
41 A	96.0	82.1	-13.9	36.8		28.2	-8.2		59.2	53.9	-5.3	-0.38	32.3
41 B	96.0	82.1	-13.9	36.6		25.4	-11.2		59.4	56.7	-2.7	-0.19	32.0
41 C	96.0	82.1	-13.9	38.4		26.9	-11.5		57.6	55.2	-2.4	-0.17	32.6
Dore et al		Reject	1 year	Food based – no details, 1 year, no densitometry							⁴⁰ K		Forbes
42	104.5	73.7	-30.8				-22.7				-8.1	-0.26
Phinney et al 1980		Reject	?	Food based 500-700kcal									Forbes
43	89.8	79.2	-10.6	32.6		25.5	-7.1		56.2	53.7	-2.5	-0.24	29.0
Jacobsen et al 1964		? Prov	?	Adolescents, food based 1100-1300kcal,							Densitometry		Forbes
44 A	83.9	76.15	-7.75	40.65		33.43	-7.22		43.24	42.72	-0.52	-0.07	37.0
44 B	67.0	60.96	-6.04	28.4		23.81	-4.59		38.54	37.15	-1.39	-0.23	26.1
Welle et al 1984		Reject	5 weeks	No densitometry							⁴⁰ K		New
45	90.7	79.9	-10.8	37.5		32.3	-5.2		53.2	47.6	-5.6	-0.52	34.9
Jebb et al 1993		Reject	12 days	12 days only. 830 kcal							Densitometry		New
46 a	67.72	65.03	-2.69				-2.12				-0.57	-0.21
46 b	76.99	73.27	-3.72				-1.93				-1.79	-0.45
46 c	76.32	72.32	-4.00				-1.87				-2.13	-0.53
46 M	73.7	70.2	-3.5				-1.97				-1.53	-0.43
Belko et al, 1987		Prov	6 weeks	Food based about 1200kcal							Densitometry		Prentice
47 D	75.2	67.4	-7.8	27.5		22.4	-5.1		47.7	45.0	-2.7	0.33	24.9
47 D+E	77.2	71.5	-5.7	30.0		25.2	-4.8		47.2	46.3	-0.9	-0.15	27.6
Heshka et al, 1990		Reject	Av 15 mt	9to 42 months with various food diets, no densitometry							⁴⁰K		New
48	98.2	79.8	-18.2	49.8		36.6	-13.2		48.4	43.3	-5.1	-0.27	43.2
Hendler et al, 1988		Reject	21 days	Only 21 days, 436/439kcal							Nitrogen by Kjeldall		Prentice
49 A	137.2	128.3	-8.9	76.3		69.5	-6.8		60.9	58.8	-2.1	-0.24	72.9
49 B	125.5	116.8	-8.7	73.0		65.9	-7.1		52.5	50.9	-1.6	-0.19	69.4
Elliott et al, 1989		Reject	10-23 we	Food based about 300kcal, not clear when post diet test done							Densitometry		Prentice
50	106.0	77.7	-28.3	50.0		27.3	-22.7		55.0	49.4	-5.6	-0.19	38.6
Ditscuneit et al, 1983		Accept	4 weeks	444kcal formula diet							Densitometry		Forbes
51	115.1	104.9	-10.2	66.5		57.7	-8.8		49.6	47.1	-2.50	0.25	62.1
Kreitzman et al, 1993		Accept	10 weeks	405 formula diets, several methods of study							Densitometry		New
52a	83.7	70.7	-13.0	37.7		29.1	-8.6		46.0	41.6	-4.4	-0.34	33.4
52b	64.4	50.4	-14.0	9.2		0.3	-8.9		55.2	50.1	-5.1	0.36	11.7
52c	85.5	68.2	-17.3	39.5		27.4	-12.1		46.0	40.8	-5.2	0.30	33.4
52d	75.9	62.8	-13.1	25.3		19.2	-6.1		50.6	43.6	-7.0	-0.53	22.2
52e	88.7	72.8	-15.9	37.8		24.8	-13.0		50.9	48.0	-2.9	-0.18	31.3
52f	103.3	84.5	-18.8
52g	108.5	90.2	-18.3	45.3		32.7	-12.3		63.2	57.5	-5.7	0.32	38.8
52h	78.5	63.4	-15.1	30.1		19.8	-10.3		48.4	43.6	-4.8	-0.32	24.9
52I	87.1	70.8	-16.3	28.2		19.5	-8.7		58.9	51.3	-7.6	-0.46	23.8
52j	95.8	79.8	-16.0	33.7		24.6	-9.1		62.1	55.2	-6.9	-0.43	29.1
52k	106.9	86.5	-20.4	51.9		38.9	-13.0		55.0	47.6	-7.4	-0.36	45.4
52 Mean	87.9	72.7	-16.2	33.9		23.6	-10.3		53.6	47.9	-5.7	-0.35	28.7
Archibold et al 1983		Reject	90 days	687-1192kcal diets, no densitometry, adolescents, some K+							A Skinfold, B ⁴⁰ K		Forbes
53 A	86.5	73.3	-13.2	33.4		34.0	+0.6		53.1	49.3	-3.8	-0.28	33.7
53 B (7)	91.0	69.5	-21.5	40.3		20.9	-19.4		50.7	48.6	-2.1	-0.1	30.6
Lohman		Reject		Review only, no data
54
Barnard et al, 1969		Reject		Effect of fasting only
55
Woo et al 1982		Reject		Normal diet study of exercise effect									Forbes
56
Gray et al, 1989		Reject		Just obesity no information on dieting
57
Keys et al, 1950		Prov (??)	24 weeks	Food based, 1569 kcal							Densitometry		Forbes
58	69.39	52.57	-16.82	9.84		3.04	-6.8		59.55	49.53	-10.02	-0.60	6.44
Van dale & Saris		Accept	5 / 9 wks	2 studies in same group sequentially 722 then 813 kcal							Densitometry
59A (5w)	87.5	77.1	-10.4	36.0		27.8	-8.2		51.5	49.1	-2.4	-0.24	31.9
59B (9w)	77.1	61.9	-15.2	27.8		15.9	-11.9		49.1	45.8	-3.3	-0.22	21.9
Atomi et al, 1987		Prov	10 weeks	Food based, 1200 kcal							Densitometry
60	61.0	57.0	-4.0	20.7		17.2	-3.5		40.3	39.8	-0.5	-0.12	18.9
Nieman et al, 1988		?Prov	5 weeks	1300kcal, food based, *3 skinfold only, part exercise							Densitometry *
61 D	82.3	76.8	-5.5	32.01		27.11	-4.90		50.29	49.69	-0.60	-0.11	29.6
61 DE	80.1	74.5	-5.6	30.60		25.48	-5.12		49.50	49.02	-0.48	-0.09	28.0
Rath et al, 1964		Prov	various	Food based 1200kcal, 4.2 to 7.8 weeks, some with exercise							Densitometry
62 D	94.3	88.1	-6.2	43.58		39.95	-3.63		50.72	48.15	-1.57	-0.25	41.7
62 D+T	89.4	82.0	-7.4	38.56		31.02	-7..54		50.84	50.98	+0.15	+0.02	34.8
62 DE	98.7	88.0	-10.7	44.31		39.34	-4.97		54.19	48.66	-5.53	-0.52	41.8
Young et al, 1965		Reject	12 weeks	Food based, 1400/1800kcal, 10 days holiday in middle							Densitometry		Forbes
63
Wadden et al, 1990		Prov	17 weeks	420 formula							Densitometry
64	109.9	86.8	-23.1	50.7		34.5	-16.2		59.2	52.3	-6.9	-0.30	42.6
Wadden & Stunkard		Reject		Basis of data not clear