Matter notes

Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space (ideas, heat, light, and sound are not matter!!!)

 

Mass-the amount of matter in an object.

Volume-the amount of space taken up.

Substance- a particular type of matter hat is uniform with definite composition (ex: sugar is a substance, lemonade is not!)

 

Physical Properties-  color, solubility, odor, conductivity, boiling point, magnetism, viscosity, ductility, malleability.

 

States of matter -  Solid – definite shape, definite volume

                                Liquid- indefinite shape, definite volume
                                Gas- indefinite shape, indefinite volume

 

Physical Change - only appearance changes but properties are retained (freezing, melting, boiling, condensing, subliming, tearing, breaking, expanding).

 

Chemical Change – properties change to form a new substance (corroding, fermenting, rusting, decomposing, burning, reacting).

 

Evidence for Chemical changes:   bubbles form(not due to boiling),

                                                            Odor changes

                                                            Precipitate forms

                                                            Temp. changes(not due to heat source)

 

Mixture – composed of two or more substance in varying amounts.

 

*heterogeneous – different parts can be seen

*homogeneous -  parts cannot be seen

*solution  - a homogeneous mixture ( can be solid liquid or gas).

 

Elements – simplest forms of matter; cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.

 

Compounds – two or more elements bonded together in definite rations; can be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.

 

Energy – capacity for doing work

 

Heat – energy transferred form one body to another due to a temperature difference.

                                *Endothermic – Gets cooler; absorbs heat.

                                *Exothermic – Gets warmer; releases heat.

 

Law of Conservation of Energy – energy is never created or destroyed.

 

Law of Conservation of Mass – mass is never created or destroyed.