A���I1��1-10. Journey. Preperation. �����K���11. Removal of cloud. ����I���12-16. Journey. Commenced. �����K���17. Removal of tabernacle. ����I���18-28. Journey. Order. �����K���29-32. Removal of Hobab. ����I4��33. Journey. progress. �����K4��34. Removal of coud. ����I5��35. Journey commenced. �����K5��36. Rest of cloud.
1490 B.C.
9-10th May, 1490 B.C.
�11: And it came to pass on the twentieth day of the second month, in the second year, that the cloud was taken up from off the tabernacle of the testimony.
�12: And the sons of Israel set forward out of the wilderness of Sinai (Heb. idiom "journeyed for their journeyings". On the 19-20th of May [20th Ziph.], 1490 B.C., and ended 29-30th March [10th Abib] 1451 B.C. Lasted 38 years and 15 days); and the cloud rested in the wilderness of Paran (=place of caverns).
�13: And they first took their journey according to the commandment of Yehovah by the hand of Moses.
�14: In the first place (for the order of tribes see 2:17) went the standard of the camp (notice distinction between "camp" and "host". Cp. 2:3) of the sons of Judah (=praised, celebrated) according to their armies: and over his host was Nahshon (=echanter, see 1:7; 2;3) the son of Amminadab (Heb.=one of the princes people).
�15: And over the host of the tribe of the son of Issachar (=reward) was Nethaneel (=given of God) the son of Zuar (=littleness).
�16: And over the host of the tribe of the sons of Zebulun (=a habitation) was Eliab (=God is my father) the son of Helon (=strong).
�17: And the tabernacle (=the dwelling place [of Yehovah]) was taken down; and the sons of Gershon (=exile) and the sons of Merari (=bitter, unhappy) set forward, bearing the dwelling place.
�18: And the standard of the camp of Reuben (=behold a son) set forward according to their armies: and over his host was Elizur (=my God is the rock) the son of Shedeur (=darter of light).
�19: And over the host of the tribe of the sons of Simeon (=heard) was Shelumiel (=friend of God) the son of Zurishaddai (=my rock is the Almighty).
�20: And over the host of the tribe of the sons of Gad (a troop) was Eliasaph (=God is the gatherer) the son of Deuel (=friend of God. Also called Reuel, see Ex.2:18).
�21: And the Kohathites (=assembly) set forward, bearing the sanctuary: and the other (=the Gershonites and the Merarites) did set up the dwelling place before they came.
�22: And the standard of the camp of the sons of Ephraim (=double fruitfulness) set forward according to their armies: and over his host was Elishama (=whom God hears) the son of Ammihud (people of praise).
�23: And over the host of the tribe of the sons of Manasseh (=forgetful) was Gamaliel (=recompence of God) the son of Pedahzur (=whom the Rock redeems).
�24: And over the host of the tribe of the sons of Benjamin (=right hand of God) was Abidan (=father of the judge) the son of Gideoni (=a cutting down).
�25: And the standard of the camp of the sons of Dan (=a judge) set forward, which was the rereward of all the camps throughout their hosts: and over his host was Ahiezer (=brother of help) the son of Ammishaddai (=people of the Almighty).
�26: And over the host of the tribe of the sons of Asher (=blessed) was Pagiel (=God allots) the son of Ocran (=troubled).
�27: And over the host of the tribe of the sons of Naphtali (=fallen, wrestling) was Ahira (=brother of evil, i.e. unlucky) the son of Enan (=having eyes).
�28: Thus were the journeyings of the sons of Israel according to their armies, when they set forward.
�29: And Moses said to Hobab (=beloved), the son of Raguel the Midianite, Moses' father in law, "We are journeying to the place of which the Lord (Yehovah) said, 'I will give it you': come you with us, and we will do you good: for the Lord (Yehovah) has spoken good concerning Israel."
�30: And he said to him, "I will not go; but I will depart to my own land, and to my kindred."
�31: And he (Moses) said, "Leave us not, I pray you; forasmuch as you know how we are to encamp in the wilderness, and you may be to us instead of eyes (i.e. as guides).
�32: And it shall be, if you go with us, yes, it shall be, that what goodness the Lord (Yehovah) shall do to us, the same will we do to you."
9-10th thru 12-13th May [a Sabbath], 1490 B.C.
�33: And they departed from the mountains of Yehovah (because His glory had been revealed there) three days' journey: and the ark of the covenant of Yehovah went before them in the three days' journey, to search out a resting place for them.
�����33��The setting forth of the ark. �������35��"Rise up, O Yehovah" �������36��"Return, O Yehovah" �����34��The settings forth of the cloud.)
�34 (35): And it came to pass, when the ark set forward, that Moses said, "Rise up, O Lord (Yehovah), and let Your enemies be scattered; and let them that hate You flee before You" (A beautiful prayer, cp. Ps.3:7; 7:6; 10:12; 17:13; 44:26; 68:1).
�35 (36): And when it rested, he said, "Return, O Yehovah, to the many thousands of Israel" (or "Cause to return". Cp. Deut.30:3. Ps.14:7; 126:1. The former better. Cp. Ex.33:14-16).
�36 (34): And the cloud of the Lord (Yehovah) was upon them by day, when they went out of the camp.
B���L���11:1-14:45. Events - Murmurings and journeyings. �����M���15:1-41. Laws for People. ����L���16:1-17:13. Events - Rebellion of Korah. �����M���18:1-19:22. Laws for priests and People. ����L���20:1-25:18. Events - Journeyings and murmurings.
L���N���11:1-12:16. Murmerings. ����N���13:1-14:45. The Spies.
N���r��11:1-34. Murmurings of People. �����s��11:35. To Hazeroth. ����r��12:1-15. Murmurings of Miriam and Aaron. �����s��12:16. To Paran.
r��u��1-. Complaint. ����v��-1-3. Plague - Taberah. ���u��4-33-. Murmuring. ����v��-33,34. Plague - Kibroth-hattavah.
and the fire of the Lord (Yehovah) burnt among them (those before the Law not punished, Ex.14:11-15; 15:24-26; 16:2-4,9,20,27,28; 17:2-4. Punished after Law given. Ex.32:27-35. Cp. Rom.4:15), and consumed them that were in the uttermost parts of the camp.
�2: And the People cried to Moses; and when Moses prayed to Yehovah, the fire was quenched.
�3: And he (Moses) called the name of the place Taberah (=burning): because the fire of Yehovah burnt among them.
u��w���y���4-9. Flsh: lusting after it. ��������z���10-15. Complaint of Moses. ���������x���16,17. Elders. Command. ���w���y���18-20. Flesh: promise of it. ��������z���21-23. Complaint of Moses. ���������x���24-30. Elders. Obedience. ���w���y���31-32. Flesh: given. ��������z���33. Wrath of Yehovah.
�4: And the mixed multitude (=camp folowers, see Ex.12:38) that was among them fell a lusting (Heb.="lusted a lusting", emphatic for lusted exceedingly. Ps.106:14; 78:18-20): and the sons of Israel also wept again, and said, "Who shall give us flesh to eat?"
�5: We remember the fish, which we did eat in Egypt freely; the cucumbers, and the melons, and the leeks, and the onions, and the garlick: (6 items given of Egypt's food: seven of Canaan's, in Deut.8:8. 6=the human number, 7=spiritual completeness)
�6: But our soul is dried away: there is nothing at all, beside this manna, before our eyes."
�7: And the manna (cp. John 6:31-33.1 Cor.10:3) was as coriander seed, and the color thereof as the color of bdellium (Heb. "eye", put for that which it distinguishes).
�8: And the People went about, and gathered it, and ground it in mills, or beat it in a mortar, and baked it in pans, and made cakes of it: and the taste of it was as the taste of fresh oil.
�9: And when the dew fell upon the camp in the night, the manna fell upon it (Manna between the 2 dews, cp. Ex.16:13,14).
�10: Then Moses heard the People weep throughout their families, every man in the entrance of his tent: and the anger of the Lord (Yehovah) was kindled greatly; Moses also was displeased (=it was evil in Moses' eyes also, as in v.1).
�11: And Moses said to the Lord (Yehovah), "Why have You afflicted Your servant? and why have I not found favor in Your sight, that you lay the burden of all this people upon me?
�12: Have I conceived all this People? have I begotten them, that You should say to me, 'Carry them in your bosom', as a nursing father bears the sucking child, to the land which You sware to their fathers?
�13: From which place should I have flesh to give to all this people? for they weep to me, saying, 'Give us flesh, that we may eat.' (This is a figure of speech, the asking of a question, not for information, or for an answer)
�14: I am not able to bear all this People alone, because the burden is too heavy for me.
�15: And if You deal thus with me, kill me, I pray You, out of hand, if I have found favor in Your sight; and let me not see Your evil" ("evil" put for punishment due, more in the sence of trouble).
�16: And the Lord (Yehovah) said to Moses, "Gather to me seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom you know to be the elders of the People, and officers over them; and bring them to the tent of the congregation, that they may stand there with you.
�17: And I will come down and talk with you there: and I will withdraw the spirit which is upon you (=Ruach, spirit put for the gifts and manifestations of the Holy Spirit. Cp. 1 Cor.12:4), and will put it upon them; and they shall bear the burden of the People with thee, that you bear it not yourself alone.
�18: And say you to the People, 'Seperate yourselves against tomorrow (see "holy" Ex.3:5), and you all shall eat flesh: for you all have wept in the ears of the Lord (Yehovah), saying, 'Who shall give us flesh to eat? for it was well with us in Egypt': therefore the Lord (Yehovah) will give you flesh, and you all shall eat.
�19: You all shall not eat one day, nor two days, nor five days, neither ten days, nor twenty days (emphatic);
�20: But even a whole month (=a month of days), until it come out at your nostrils, and it be loathsome to you: because that you all have despised Yehovah which is among you, and have wept before Him, saying, 'Why came we forth out of Egypt?' ' "
�21: And Moses said, "The People, among whom I am, are six hundred thousand footmen; and You have said, I will give them flesh, that they may eat a whole month.
�22: Shall the flocks and the herds be slain for them, to suffice them? or shall all the fish of the sea be gathered together for them, to suffice them?"
�23: And the Lord (Yehovah) said to Moses, "Is the Lord's (Yehovah's) hand (put for power execised by it) waxed short? you shall see now whether My word shall come to pass to you or not."
�24: And Moses went out, and told the People the words of the Lord (Yehovah), and gathered the seventy men of the elders of the People, and set them round about the tent of the congregation.
�25: And the Lord (Yehovah) came down in a cloud, and spoke to him, and withdrew the spirit that was upon him, and gave it to the seventy elders: and it came to pass, that, when the spirit rested upon them, they prophesied, and did not add (i.e. did not add any more, or again, after that day. Cp. Ex.11:6. Deut.5:22. Job 38:11. 1 Sam.19:24. Consider what happened on Penticost day).
�26: But there remained two of the men in the camp, the name of the one was Eldad (=favored of God), and the name of the other Medad (=love): and the spirit rested upon the seventy; and they were of them that were enrolled (see Ex.17:14), but went not out (cp. 1 Sam.10:22) to the tent of the congregation: and they prophesied in the camp (cp. Ps.139:7).
�27: And there ran the young man (to be described later), and told Moses, and said, "Eldad and Medad do prophesy in the camp."
�28: And Joshua (=savior, or whose help is Yehovah) the son of Nun (=fish, or posterity), the servant of Moses, one of his young men, answered and said, "My lord Moses, forbid them."
�29: And Moses said to him, "Are you jealous for my sake? would God (Elohim) that all the Lord's (Yehovah's) People were prophets (Fig. Wishing. An expression of feeling by way of wishing or hoping for a thing), and that the Lord (Yehovah) would put his spirit upon them!" (This is the definition of a true prophet. Cp. v.17, and 12:6)
�30: And Moses went into the camp, he and the elders of Israel.
�31: And there went forth a wind (Heb. ruach) from the LORD, and brought quails from the sea, and let them fall by the camp (cp. Ps.78:27,28), as it were a day's journey on this side (=sunset to sunset), and as it were a day's journey on the other side, round about the camp, and as it were two cubits (3 1/4') above the face of the earth (i.e. "flying above", so they could easily be caught, it does no say "deep").
�32: And the People stood up all that day, and all that night, and all the next day, and they gathered the quails: he that gathered least gathered ten homers (aprox. 107 bushels. See Lev.27:16): and they spread them all abroad for themselves round about the camp.
�33: And while the flesh was yet between their teeth (cp. Ps.78:27-31), before it was chewed, the wrath of the Lord (Yehovah) was kindled against the people, and the Lord (Yehovah) smote the people with a very great plague (cp. with Rev. when the People go whoring after anti-christ and then Christ returns).
�34: And he called the name of that place Kibroth-hattaavah (=graves of lust): because there they buried the people that lusted.
�35: And the People journeyed from Kibroth-hattaavah to Hazeroth (=villages); and abode at Hazeroth.
r��a��b��1-3. Murmering. �������c��4-10. Punishment inflicted. ���a��b��11,12. Confession. �������c��13-15. Punishment removed.
c��d��e��4,5. Cloud. Descent. �������f��6-8. Rebuke. ���d��e��9,10-. Cloud. Departure. �������f��-10. Judgement.
�4: And the Lord (Yehovah) spoke suddenly to Moses, and to Aaron, and to Miriam, "Come out you three to the tent of the congregation." And they three came out.
�5: And the Lord (Yehovah) came down in the pillar of the cloud, and stood in the entrance of the tent of the congrgation, and called Aaron and Miriam: and they both came forth.
�6: And He (Yehovah) said, "Hear now My words: Should there be a prophet among you (=when you all have your prophet), I Yehovah will make Myself known to him in a vision (this also essential to a prophet, cp. 11:29), and will speak to him in a dream.
�7: My servant Moses (1st occ. Occ. 6 times. See Num.12:7,8. Josh.1:2,7. 2 Kings 21:8. Mal.4:4) is not so (i.e. much greater, cp. v.8), faithful is he in all My house (cp. Heb.3:2).
�8: With him will I speak mouth to mouth (cp. Gen.45:12. 2 John 12:3. John 14. See also Ex.33:11. Deut.34:10), even plainly, and not in dark speeches (Fig Redundancy, where what is said is, immediately after, put in another or opposite way to make it impossible for the sense to be missed. The figure may affect words; or sentances); and the similitude of Yehovah (i.e. likeness or image. This must be understood in harmony with Ex.33:20,23. Cp. Deut.4:12,15. John 1:18. 1 Tim.6:16. Cp. Col.1:15) shall he behold: why then were you not afraid to speak against My servant Moses? (Heb. "against My servant, against Moses." Cp. Idiom in Gen.21:10 and note.)
�9: And the anger of the Lord (Yehovah) was kindled against them (with instant result); and He departed.
�10: And the cloud departed from off the tent of the congregation;
and, behold, Miriam became leprous (see Ex.4:6), white as snow: and Aaron looked upon Miriam, and, behold (abruptness of language reveals the excitement produced), there she was leprous!
�11: And Aaron said to Moses, "Alas, my lord, I beseech you, lay not the sin upon us, wherein we have done foolishly, and wherein we have sinned.
�12: Let her not be as one stillborn, of whom our flesh is half consumed when he comes out of his mother's womb."
�13: And Moses cried to the Lord (Yehovah), saying, "Heal her now, O GOD (El) (=God, the mighty God), I beseech You.
�14: And the Lord (Yehovah) said to Moses, "If her father had but spit in her face (=treat with contempt; so the idiom is used in Syr. and Arabic today. Cp. Job 30:10), should she not be ashamed seven days? (Cp. Lev.13:4,5,21,26) let her be shut out from the camp seven days, and after that let her be recovered again (Homonym 'asaph: 1-to heal or recover, here, 2 Kings 5:6. Ps.27:10; 2-to snatch away or detroy, Ps.26:9. Jer.16:5).
�15: And Miriam (Heb. = rebellion) was shut out from the camp seven days: and the People journeyed not till Miriam was recovered again.
�16: And afterward the people removed from Hazeroth, and pitched in the wilderness of Paran (=place of caverns).
N���O���13:1-14:38. The expedition. ����O���14:39-45. The Episode.
O���P��13:1-3. Command of Yehovah. �����Q��a��13:4-16. Selection of spies. ���������b��13:17-20. Directions to spies. �����Q��a��13:21-25. Searching of the spies. ���������b��13:26-14:10-. Report and reception. ����P��14:-10-38. Provocationof Yehovah.
�4: And these were their names (tribe of Levi ommited because they recieve no inheritance of the land. Their inheritance is Yehovah): of the tribe of Reuben, Shammua (=renowned) the son of Zaccur.
�5: Of the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat (=judge) the son of Hori.
�6: Of the tribe of Judah, Caleb (=capable) the son of Jephunneh.
�7: Of the tribe of Issachar, Igal (whom God will avenge) the son of Joseph.
�8: Of the tribe of Ephraim, Oshea (salvation, cp. v.16) the son of Nun.
�9: Of the tribe of Benjamin, Palti (=whom Yehovah delivers) the son of Raphu.
�10: Of the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel (=fortune of God) the son of Sodi.
�11: Of the tribe of Joseph, namely, of the tribe of Manasseh, Gaddi (=fortunate) the son of Susi.
�12: Of the tribe of Dan, Ammiel (=people of God) the son of Gemalli.
�13: Of the tribe of Asher, Sethur (=hidden, or mystical: by gematria = 666. probably marking the ringleader of the provocation) the son of Michael.
�14: Of the tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi (=hidden) the son of Vophsi.
�15: Of the tribe of Gad, Geuel (=majesty of God) the son of Machi.
�16: These are the names of the men which Moses sent to spy out the land. And Moses called Oshea the son of Nun Jehoshua (Name occurs over 250 times; see the first, Ex.17:9. Sometimes Jeshua [Neh.8:17]. Greek, Jesus [Matt.1:21. Acts 7:45. Heb.4:8. In Deut.32:44 called Hoshea again: Hoshea = savior, or salvation. Ye [Je], prefix = he by whom Yehovah will save).
�17: And Moses sent them to spy out the land of Canaan, and said to them, "Get you up this way southward (for first 9 miles, on account of roads, then by mountain passes eastward), and go up into the mountain:
�18: And see the land, what it is; and the people that dwell therein, whether they be strong or weak, few or many;
�19: And what the land is that they dwell in, whether it be good or bad; and what cities they be that they dwell in, whether in camps, or in strong holds;
�20: And what the land is, whether it be fat or lean, whether there be wood therein, or not. And be you all of good courage, and bring of the fruit of the land." Now the time was the time of the firstripe grapes.
July (Ab) 1490 B.C.
�21: So they went up (in the month of July), and searched the land from the wilderness of Zin (=flat) to Rehob (=broadway, street), as men come to Hamath (=fortress).
�22: And they ascended by the south (=the Negeb, cp. Gen.12:9; 13:1), and came to Hebron (=alliance. Ancient name, Kirjath-arba, or stronghold of Arba [Gen.23:2,19, because buit by Anak and the sons of Arba. Josh.14:15; 15:13. The Tel-el-Arma Tablets show that certain bands of Hittite condottieri are called "Khabiri", or "allies" hence the name Hebron, which means "confederacy", or friendship, which is not met with till Ramases II, captured Kirjath-Arba. Ebed-Tob, king of Jerusalem [see Gen.14:18], in his letters to Pharaoh frequently mentions these Khabiri, or confederates of Amorites and Hittites. God's confederacy with His People in Christ was "before the foundatios of the world" Before Zoan the city of the wise was known); where Ahiman (=brother of the right hand. Driven out by Caleb. Josh.15:13,14. Slain by Judah. Judg.1:10), Sheshai (=noble), and Talmai (=bold), the children of Anak, were (=home born persons: usually of slaves. These were the result of a second irruption of the fallen angels. See Gen.6:4 "after that". These are clled "Nephilim" in v.33. The name "Anak" occurs here, and in vv.28,33. Deut.9:2.Josh.15:14). {Now Hebron was rebuilt (cp. Josh.6:26. 1 Kings 16:34. 2 Kings 14:22. Isa.44:28. Amos 9:14) seven years before Zoan in Egypt (Built by the first kings of the 19th Dynasty. Ramases II made it his capital, cp. Isa.30:4 and is the first to mention Hebron. Zoan was the scene of the Exodus [see Ps.78:12,13], and "the house of bondage". For Zoan see note on Ex.1:10).}
�23: And they came to the brook of Eshcol (=cluster of grapes), and cut down from that place a branch with one cluster of grapes, and they bare it between two upon a staff (no mere accident that these were brought. These symbolic of the "fruit" of our Lord, even of Him Who is the true Vine. He comes first.); and they brought of the pomegranates (His worship comes next, largely used symbolically in tabernacle and temple, see Ex.27, 28, and 29, and 2 Chron.3 and 4), and of the figs (the common support of life in the East, next to bread. These symbolize the common duties of life. The grapes ad the pomegranates its luxuries and spirital privileges).
�24: The place was called the brook (or valley) Eshcol, because of the cluster of grapes which the sons of Israel cut down from that place.
August [Elul] 1490 B.C.
�25: And they returned from searching of the land after forty days (#40 = the number of probation. At the end of August, exactly 6 months from setting up the tabernacle).
b��c��d���13:26-29. Evil report. �������e���13:30. Action of Caleb. ������d���13:31-33. Evil report. ���c��d���14:1-5. The congregation. �������e���14:6-9. Joshua and Caleb. ������d4��14:10-. The congregation.
�26: And they went and came to Moses, and to Aaron, and to all the congregation of the sons of Israel, to the wilderness of Paran, to Kadesh-barnea (see Deut.1:19); and brought back word to them, and to all the congregation, and showed them the fruit of the land.
�27: And they told him, and said, "We came to the land to which place you sent us, and surely it flows with milk and honey; and this is the fruit of it.
�28: Nevertheless (in spite of the evidence produced. This is the conclusion of sight, not of faith. Note the words "we saw", vv.28,32,33) the people are strong that dwell in the land, and the cities are walled, and very great (great in size as well as wickedness, abnormal, superhuman, see v.33): and moreover we saw the children of Anak there (this was "walking by sight, not by faith:. 2 Cor.5:7).
�29: The Amalekites dwell in the land of the south: and the Hittites, and the Jebusites, and the Amorites, dwell in the mountains: and the Canaanites dwell by the sea, and by the coast of Jordan."
�30: And Caleb (Heb = whole-hearted) silenced the people before Moses, and said, "Let us go up at once, and possess it; for we are well able to overcome it." (the conclusion of faith)
�31: But the men that went up with him said, "We are not able to go up against the people (conclusion of sight); for they are stronger than we" (the conclusion of unbelief, which always leaves God out).
�32: And they brought up an evil report of the land which they had searched to the sons of Israel (=sent forth a slander, cp. 14:37), saying, "The land, through which we have gone to search it, is a land that eats up the inhabitants thereof; and all the people that we saw (the language of unbelief) in it are men of a great stature.
�33: And there we saw the giants (Heb. Nephilim. Those mentioned in Gen.6:4 were all destoyed in the Flood; these came from a second irruption of fallen angels, "after that", i.e. after "those days" = the days of Noah. See v.22), the sons of Anak, which come of the giants: and we were in our own sight (it is all "sight" where there is no faith. 2 Cor.5:7) as grasshoppers (or locusts), and so we were in their sight."