+:+assignment 2+:+

This lecture consisted of 4 main topics
	1. Implications of DNA-based genomes
	2. Flow of genetic information
	3. Genotype and phenotype
	4. Molecular basis of two example inherited disorders

1. Implications of DNA-based genomes

This topic is about the structure of DNA, begin from the smallest part which is nucleotide that consisted of deoxyribose,base 4 types (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine) and phosphate. Then nucleotides are joined together by Hydrogen bond. Sugar and phosphate of each nucleotides form backbone of DNA strand. Two polynucleotide chains, held together form a DNA molecule which is double helix. In hydrogen bond formation, bases in nucleotides will held together specifically. These pairs are: adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine so we can get sequence of DNA strand from the sequence of complementary strand. Then talking about DNA Replication steps, many factors that involved (such as DNA polymerase III, helicase, RNA primase ) and leading and lagging strand DNA synthesis.

2. Flow of genetic information
This topic is about “The central dogma”or flow of genetic information from DNA transcripe to RNA, RNA translate to Protein. DNA is the stored place of information and this will be translated into protein by using genetic codes.

3. Genotype and phenotype
This topic is about the relation between genotype and phenotype. If there is a mutation in DNA coding sequence or genotype, it may effect protein sequence or phenotype. From the changes in DNA sequence can lead to changes in molecular architecture and function.

4. Molecular basis of two example inherited disorders
The examples of inherited disorders
	1. Inborn error of metabolism
	Eg. Alkaptouria,this disorder has damage to gene resulting in abnormal homogentisic acid oxidase.
	2. Pharmacogenetics
	Eg. Acute haemolytic anemia, this disorder is deficiency in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and has altered gene on X chromosome.