How do I read those long registered names?

Breeders give their dogs long unusual names to ensure that they don't use the same name that someone else has.  Most breeders will use a kennel name that will appear on every puppy that they own or breed, it's a way to know where the dog came from by just looking at the name.  My kennel name is Satin, and you will find it somewhere in the name of all my dogs, usually at the beginning.  Often mutliple breeders are involved with a dog, so you may find that 2-3 kennel names are used on one name.

The letters at the beginning and ending of the registered name have special meaning.
Letters to the front of a name are symbols for Conformation titles the dog has earned.
Letters to the rear of a name are symbols for Obedience and Performance titles earned.

Some, but not all of their meanings are listed below:

Conformation:
Ch = Champion This dog has won the required number of points at an AKC show to earn
                         the title of Champion.  This can be proceeded by Am, Can, Mex, Int.
                         A simple Ch on an American dog indicates an championship earned in
                         the United States.  Other letters indicate championships earned in other
                         countries:  Can = Canada, Mex = Mexico, etc.

Obedience:
CD = Companion Dog This dog has earned three legs (or qualifying scores) in the
                         novice class at an AKC show.  The Companion Dog title is the
                         first level of difficulty.
CDX = Companion Dog Excellent This dog has earned three legs in the open class at
                         an AKC show.  The Companion Dog Excellent title is the second
                         level of difficulty.
UD = Utility Dog This dog has earned three legs in the Utility class at an AKC show.
                         This is the third level of competition.

TD = Tracking Dog This dog has completed the first level of difficulty at a tracking test. 
TDX = Tracking Dog Excellent This dog has completed the second level of a tracking test.

RD = Road Dog This dog has earned his Road Dog title, a title specifically for Dalmatians. 
                         A Road Trial is a horse and dog even requiring obedience and endurance.
                         A 12 mile course is required for this title.
RDX = Road Dog Excellent This dog has earned the higher level of a Road Dog title which
                         is the same as the RD only the course is 24 miles.

A color indication can also be indicated at the end of a name.
Dalmatians can be black spotted or brown spotted. 
(L) after a name indicates a liver spotted Dalmatian.

These are only a few of the many, MANY titles
that can be earned and shown on a pedigree.
A complete list can be found at the AKC website.