Reason is the use of information that we accept as facts to draw new conclusions. It is something everyone uses whether or not they realize it. It is a central idea to philosophy and theology and has been used by all great thinkers throughout history. Aristotle believed that the use of reason is the way for man to acieve his sense of fufillment and purpose.
1) 5 common thinking errors: These consist of non sequiturs, false or vague premises, ad hominem, begging the question, and red herring. They are five commonly made reasoning errors that it is imperative to recognize and avoid in order to truly reason and learn.
2) 3 kinds of knowing: The three kinds of knowing are experience, authority, and reason. They are the only three ways in which we know anything. Experience is something we've seen or experienced personally. Authority is something told to us by a trusted source. Reason is taking what we already know and using it to infer other conclusions.
3) Famous philosophical question, "what does it meant to be human": This question tries to specify what it is that seperates man from animals. It is an important question that has been pondered since philosophy began. An answer provided by the book is that humans have the capacity for self-conciousness, or self-awareness, and abstract thought, the realization and thought about things such as love, despair, and bravery.
Am I constantly using reason in my own life and avoiding the five common errors to try to seek the real truth?
I can use reason instead of judging people based on prejudices or rash decisions. I can avoid the five common thinking errors and search for the truth in every aspect of my life even if it goes against something I thought was true.