CSS_Alabama

My Research Bibliography

Unpublished Primary Sources

University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
W.S. Hoole C.S.S. Alabama Special Collection

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C.
Southern Historical Collection
#3602: Anderson Family Papers
#1761: Maffitt Family Papers
#3170-Z: Original Ship Contract and Construction Specifications

Washington D.C.
National Archives and Records Administration
United States Consular Dispatches from Bahia, Cape Town, Kingston, Liverpool, Singapore, Singapore Straits Settlements, and St. Martin

Published Primary Sources

�The Alabama and Her Doings and Crew.� Nautical Magazine, March, 1864. Page 135-141.

The Alabama: A Statement of Facts From Official Documents. John Snow and W. Tweedie, 1863.

Branham, Alfred I. Story of the Sinking of the Alabama 290: Interview With Captain John McIntosh Kell. Atlanta: Cornell, 1930.

Bulloch, James D. The Secret Service of the Confederate States in Europe. New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1959.

Correspondence Respecting the �Alabama,� also Respecting the Bark �Maury� at New York, During the Crimean War. [London]: n.p. [1865].

�Destruction of the British Ship Martaban by the Alabama.� Nautical Magazine (March, 1864): 141-144.

Kell, John McIntosh. �Cruise and Combats of the �Alabama�.� In Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, edited by Robert U. Johnson and Clarence C. Buel, 4:600-614. 4 Volumes. New York: Century Co., 1884-88.

Low, John. The Logs of the C.S.S. Alabama and C.S.S. Tuscaloosa, 1862-1863, by Lieutenant (Captain) John Low, CSN. Edited by William S. Hoole. University of Alabama: Confederate Publishing, 1972.

List of Claims Filed With the Department of State Growing out of the Acts Committed by the Several Vessels Which have Given Rise to the Claims Generally Known as the Alabama Claims. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1871.

New York Chamber of Commerce. Proceedings on the Burning of the Ship Brilliant by the Rebel Pirate Alabama, October, 21, 1862. New York: The Chamber, 1862.

Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion, 31 Volumes. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1894-1927.

Semmes, Raphael. The Confederate Raider Alabama. Ed. Philip Van Doren Stern. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1962.

_____. The Cruise of the Alabama and the Sumter, From the Private Journals and other Papers of Commander Raphael Semmes, C.S.N., and Other Officers. 2 Volumes in One. New York: Carleton, 1864.

_____. Memoirs of a Service Afloat During the War Between the States. Baltimore: Baltimore Publishing Co., 1887.

Shimmin, Hugh. Low Life and Moral Improvement in Mid-Victorian England: Liverpool through the Journalism of Hugh Shimmin. Ed. John Walton and Alastair Wilcox. London: Leicester University Press, 1991.

Sinclair, Arthur. Two Years on the Alabama. Annapolis, M.D.: Naval Institute Press, 1989.

Standing, P.C. �Boarding Officer of the Alabama.� Cornhill Magazine 75 (May, 1897): 592-603.

Summersell, Charles G. The Journal of George Townley Fullam, Boarding Officer of the Confederate Sea Raider Alabama. University: University of Alabama Press, 1973.

Uniform and Dress of the Navy of the Confederate States (Naval War Records Office Memoranda No. 7). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1898.

War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. 128 Volumes. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1880-1901.

Published Secondary Sources

Baker, Mark. �David Herbert Llewelyn, 1837-1864.� The Wiltshire Archeological and Natural History Magazine 68 (1973): 108-105.

Barton, Peter. �The Agrippina: Tender to the CSS Alabama.� The Mariner�s Mirror 85, 4 (1999): 421-427.

Belchem, John. �Priests, Publicans and the Irish Poor: Ethnic Enterprise and Migrant Networks in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Liverpool.� Immigrants & Minorities 23, 2-3 (July-November, 2005): 207-231.

Bennett, Michael. Union Jacks: Yankee Sailors in the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004.

Booth, Alan R. �The Alabama at the Cape.� American Neptune 26 (April, 1966). Page 96-108.

Bowcock, Andrew. C.S.S. Alabama: Anatomy of a Confederate Raider. Annapolis, M.D.: Naval Institute Press, 2002.

Boykin, Edward. Ghost Ship of the Confederacy. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1957.

Bradlee, Francis Boardman Crowninshield. �The Kearsarge-Alabama Battle; the Story as Told to the Writer by James Magee of Marblehead, Seaman on the Kearsarge.� Historical Collections of the Essex Institute 57 (1921).

Bradlow, Edna and Frank Bradlow. Here Comes the Alabama: The Career of a Confederate Raider. Cape Town: A.A. Balkena, 1958.

Burke, Thomas. Catholic History of Liverpool. Liverpool: C. Tinling & Co., Ltd., 1910.

Delaney, Norman C. John McIntosh Kell of the Raider Alabama. University of Alabama: University of Alabama Press, 1972.

Evans, Bob. Mersey Mariners. Merseyside: Countywise Limited, 1997.

Fowler, William M., Jr. Under Two Flags: The American Navy in the Civil War. New York: W.W. Norton, 1990.

Goodrich, Albert M. Cruise and Captures of the Alabama. Minneapolis: Wilson, 1906.

Gosnell, Harpur A. Rebel Raider. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1948.

Gould, James W. �The Civil War in the Far East.� U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 88 (September, 1962): 160-164.

Hearn, Chester G. Grey Raiders of the Sea: How Eight Confederate Warships Destroyed the Unions High Seas Commerce. Camden, Maine: International Marine Publishing, 1992.

Hill, Jim D. Sea Dogs of the Sixties. Minneapolis, M.N.: University of Minnesota Press, 1935.

Hoole, William S. Four Years in the Confederate Navy. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1964.

_____. �The C.S.S. Alabama at Cape Town: Centennial Celebration, 1863-1963.� Alabama Review 17 (July, 1964): 228-233.

_____. �The Log of the Bark Virginia Sunk by the C.S.S. Alabama, 1862.� American Neptune 33 (January, 1973): 52-62.

Jenkins, Brian. Britain and the War for Union, 2 Volumes. Montreal: McGill-Queen�s University Press, 1974, 1980.

Jones, Virgil C. The Civil War At Sea, Volume 1-3. New York, Chicago, San Francisco: Holt, Rinehart, Winston.

Jones, Robert. Confederate Corsair. Mechanicsburg, P.A.: Stackpole Books, 2000.

Kaufmann, Chaim and Robert Pape. �Explaining Costly International Moral Action: Britain�s Sixty-year Campaign Against the Atlantic Slave Trade.� International Organization, 53, 4, (Autumn, 1999): 631-668.

Kinnaman, Stephen. �Inside the Alabama.� Naval History, 4, 3 (1990): 54-57.

Kverndal, Roald. Seaman�s Missions: Their Origin and Early Growth. Pasadena, California: William Carey Library, 1986.

Lester, Richard I. �The Procurement of Confederate Blockade Runners and Other Vessels in Great Britain during the American Civil War.� Mariner�s Mirror 61, 3, (1975): 255-270.

Littleton, William G. The Battle Between the Alabama and the Kearsarge, off Cherbourg, France, Sunday June 19, 1864. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Commandery, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, 1930.

Logan, Frenise A. �Activities of the Alabama in Asian Waters.� Pacific Historical Review 31 (May, 1962): 143-150.

Luraghi, Raimondo and Paolo E. Coletta. A History of the Confederate Navy. Annapolis, M.D.: Naval Institute Press, 1996.

Marvel, William. The Alabama and the Kearsarge: The Sailors Civil War. Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1996.

Mason, Robert. �She Died a Nobel Death.� Naval History, 11, 1 (1997): 30-35.

Maynard, Douglas H. �Union Efforts to Prevent the Escape of the Alabama.� The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 41, 1 (June, 1954): 41-60.

Merli, Frank J. Great Britain and the Confederate Navy, 1861-1865. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1970.

Morgan, James M. Recollections of a Rebel Reefer. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1917.

Newell, Robert R. �Capture and Burning of the Ship Anna F. Schmidt by Alabama.� American Neptune 25 (January, 1965): 18-28.

Newton, Craig. �Inside Semmes.� Naval History, 7, 2 (1993): 6-10.

Pope, David J. �Liverpool�s Catholic Mercantile and Maritime Business Community in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century, Part 1.� Recusant History 27, 2 (2004): 244-279.

_____. �Liverpool�s Catholic Mercantile and Maritime Business Community in the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century, Part 2.� Recusant History 22, 3 (2005): 383-414.

Price, Marcus W. �Four From Bristol.� American Neptune 17, 4, (1957): 249-261.

Roberts, Walter A. Semmes of the Alabama. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1938.

Robinson, Charles M., III. Shark of the Confederacy: The Story of the C.S.S. Alabama. Annapolis, M.D.: Naval Institute Press, 1994.

Robinson, William M., Jr. �The Alabama-Kearsarge Battle: A Study in Original Sources.� Essex Institute Historical Collections 60 (April-July, 1924): 97-120, 209-18.

_____. The Confederate Privateers. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1928.

Rye, Scott. Men and Ships of the Civil War. Stamford, C.T.: Longmeadow Press, 1995.

Schooler, Lynn. The Last Shot: The Incredible Story of the C.S.S. Shenandoah and the True Conclusion of the Civil War. New York, N.Y.: Harper Collins, 2005.

Scharf, J.T. History of the Confederate States Navy, from its Organization to the Surrender of its Last Vessel. Baltimore, M.D.: 1887.

Soley, James R. The Blockade and the Cruisers. New York: Charles Scribner�s Sons, 1887.

Spencer, Warren F. The Confederate Navy in Europe. University of Alabama Press, 1983.

Stammers, Michael. �The Mersey Boatmen and Their Gigs.� The Mariner�s Mirror 61, 3 (1975): 283-288.

Still, William N., Jr., Ed. The Confederate Navy: the Ships, Men, and Organization, 1861-1865. London: Conway Maritime Press, 1997.

Summersell, Charles G., ed. C.S.S. Alabama: Builder, Captain Plans. University of Alabama: University of Alabama Press, 1985.

Taylor, John M. Confederate Raider: Raphael Semmes of the Alabama. Washington and London: Brassey�s Inc., 1994.

Walker, R.B. �Religious Changes in Liverpool in the Nineteenth Century.� The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 19, 2 (1968): 195-211.

Wardle, A.C. �Mersey-Built Blockade-Runners of the American Civil War.� The Mariner�s Mirror 28, 3 (July, 1942): 179-188.

Williams, K.J. Ghost Ships of the Mersey: A Brief History of Confederate Cruisers with Mersey Connections. Merseyside: Countyvise Ltd., 1983.

Wilson, Harold. �The Cruise of the C.S.S. Alabama in Southeast Asian Waters.� Journal of Confederate History, 4 (1989): 29-55.

Research Focus

The story of the C.S.S. Alabama is an old one. So rather than write yet another tired narrative of the ships voyage, I will attempt to do somthing that has yet to be done for the ship, or even for the Confederate Navy. I will take an in depth look at the make-up of the Alabama's crew. These men are interesting because they were not from the American South, rather they were English, Irish, and a plethora of other nationalities. What motivated them to serve aboard the Alabama? What were their daily lives like? What kind of discipline did they face? What did they do with their free time? What impact did race and religion have on these men? These are the questions that have gone unanswered for to long, and by answereing them, a more complete picture of the Alabama will emerge.