CHAPTER 16 Verb Usage
By Mrs. Anderson
Four Principal Parts of a Verb
1. Infinitive:
•	The bells ring every day. (now and continuing)
2. Present Participle:
•	The bells are ringing now. (currently)
3. Past:
•	The bells rang at noon. (an earlier time).
4. Past Participle:
•	The bells have rung for the last time today. (compares)
Regular Verbs (pg. 490)
Changes from infinitive to present participle by adding –ing, changes from infinitive to past or past participle by adding –d, or –ed.
			Present			Past
Infinitive	Participle	   Past	Participle
Use		Using	   Used	Have used
Irregular Verbs (pg. 491)
Verb form changes completely from infinitive to present participle, past, and past participle.
			Present			Past
Infinitive	Participle	   Past	Participle
Choose	Choosing	   Chose	Have chosen
Fall		Falling	   Fell	Have fallen
Swim	Swimming	   Swam	Have swum
Verb Tense
Six verb tenses: conjugation
•	Present: They go, he goes
•	Past: They went, he went
•	Future: They will go, he will go
•	Present Perfect: They have gone, he has gone
•	Past Perfect: They had gone, he had gone
•	Future Perfect: They will have gone, he will have gone.
Active and Passive Voice
•	Active voice: subject performs the action.
•	The teacher instructed us.
•	The tree rattled against the window in the wind.
•	Passive voice: subject is passive.
•	We were instructed by the teacher.
•	The tree was blown by the wind.

Lie and Lay
Lie means to rest or to recline
Lay means to put or to place
			Present			Past
Infinitive	Participle	   Past	Participle
Lie		lying		   lay		have lain
Lay		laying	   laid	have laid
Sit and Set
Sit means to rest in an upright, seated position
Set means to put or to place something.
			Present			Past
Infinitive	Participle	   Past	Participle
Sit		Sitting	   Sat		Have sat
Set		Setting	   Set		Have set
Rise and Raise
Rise means to go in an upward direction
Raise means to move something up.
			Present			Past
Infinitive	Participle	   Past	Participle
Rise		Rising	   Rose	Have risen
Raise		Raising	   Raised	Have raised