Grammar: Noun, Pronoun, Adjective
By Mrs. Anderson
The Noun
•	A noun is a word used to name a person, place, thing or idea
•	Person: Sharon
•	Place: Iowa
•	Thing: leaf
•	Idea: justice
What does a noun look like?
•	You can make a noun plural:
•	Man - men; courtesy – courtesies
•	You can add a, an or the before a noun: a bike, the fear, an animal.
•	Ending that signal a noun:
•	Ness (fairness)	ance (appearance)
•	Hood (childhood)  ence (independence)
•	Ation (organization)  ism (nationalism)
•	You can substitute a pronoun for a noun.
•	The boy hit the ball.  He hit the ball.
Singular and Plural Nouns
•	Rules for Forming Plural Nouns
•	Add s to most nouns
•	Cup – cups
•	Add es to words ending with s, sh, ch, x, and z
•	Boss – bosses
•	Change the y to I and add es to a word ending in y if a consonant comes before the y
•	Candy - candies
Rules for Forming Plural Nouns
•	Change the f to v and add es to some words ending in f or fe
•	Loaf – loaves
•	For most nouns ending in f or ff simply add s
•	Chiefs – chiefs
•	A few nouns do not change
•	Deer – deer
•	A few nouns are made plural by changing the spelling
•	Goose - geese
Possessive Nouns
•	Add ‘s to most singular nouns.
•	Desk of the secretary – 
	the secretary’s desk
•	Add ‘  to plural nouns to form most plural possessive nouns.
•	Decision of the managers –
	the managers’ decision
•	Add ‘s to plural nouns that do no end in s
•	Department for children –
	children’s department
Common and Proper Nouns
•	Common nouns: scientist, female, city, building, continent, mountains, day
•	Proper Nouns (capitalize): Carl Sagan, Rita Moreno, Cairo, World Trade Center, North America, Rockies, Monday
Compound Nouns
•	volleyball
•	newsstand
•	cold front
•	sister-in-law
•	word processor

The Pronoun
•	A Pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun
•	“Gloria stepped back from the picture and looked at it carefully.”
•	“Lois said she would be her in time.”
The Antecedent
•	The noun before the pronoun on which the pronoun depends.
•	“Jill opened the book and read from it.”
•	“Janet took her dog to the veterinarian.”
Personal Pronouns
•	First Person: I, my, mine, me
•	We, our, ours, us
•	Second Person: you, your, yours
•	You, your, yours
•	Third Person:  he, his, him, she, her, hers, it, its
•	They, their, theirs, them
Other Pronouns
•	Reflexive: myself, yourself, himself, herself
•	Relative: who, whom, whose, which, that
•	Interrogative: Who? Whom? What?
•	Demonstrative: this, that, these, those
•	Indefinite: all, both, few, nobody
The Adjective 
•	Modifies/describes a noun or pronoun
•	Answers to: 
•	What kind?
•	Which one?
•	How many?
Pronoun or Adjective?
•	Also pronouns: that, either, many, fewer, some.
•	Always pronouns: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
Nouns used as Adjectives
•	Bacon sandwich
•	Snow sculpture
•	December sale
•	Texas chili
•	Picasso painting
Articles
•	Indefinite Articles: (general group)
•	A (before consonant sounds)
•	An (before vowel sounds “h”)
•	Definite Articles:
•	The (something in particular)
•	Example:
•	A girl won
•	An elephant escaped
•	This is an honor
Adjectives in Sentences
•	Adjectives come before the noun they modify: “A sweating, exhausted, runner . . .”
•	Use a comma if it comes after a noun: “A dog, old and overweight . . .”
•	Predicate Adjective:
•	To be: “Beverly was worried.”
•	Linking verb: “She felt nervous.”