Note: I am still working on the answer section, it should be done shortly.
All of the answers to this exam are located at the end. Read the explanations carefully and you will begin to understand what Chauncey is looking for.
Enjoy!
1. Indicate which of the following is not an example of good eye contact.
A. establishing frequent and direct eye contact with each student.
B. adhering to cultural norms regarding eye contact for the audience.
C. establishing steady eye contact with those students who are most responsive to the instructor.
D. using eye contact to establish a climate of trust.
2. All of the following are good elements for an instructor to include in the introductory session of a training program except:
A. establishing an unstructured format.
B. assessing whether there is a difference between learner expectations and the course content.
C. stating the expectations for learner performance.
D. discussing administrative details.
3. During a group discussion, a learner asks how the content being discussed would apply to a situation she describes from her own workplace. Which of the following is the best way for the instructor to handle the situation?
A. tell the learner how the content applies in a generic situation.
B. ask the learner how she thinks the content applies to her situation.
C. encourage the group to discuss how they might handle the situation.
D. gather more information on the situation before responding.
4. Jim is preparing to deliver a program on a software application he
has taught many times before. Before the program he speaks to the
students' manager and determines that some students are weak in a certain
prerequisite skill. He also determines that all of the students are
experienced in some of the skills covered in the program.
Since the prerequisites in question could be covered rather quickly,
Jim plans to adjust the presentation to allow time to cover this. When
class starts, it becomes apparent that only one student is unfamiliar with
the prerequisite material. The most appropriate course of action is for
Jim to:
A. suggest that the student without the prerequisite attend a future class when they have the prerequisite skill.
B. cover the prerequisite with the entire class, to avoid singling this learner out.
C. have the student work with another more advanced student who can perform the prerequisite for them.
D. cover the prerequisite quickly in class and spend additional time with the student.
5. Jim is preparing to deliver a program on a software application he
has taught many times before. Before the program he speaks to the
students' manager and determines that some students are weak in a certain
prerequisite skill. He also determines that all of the students are
experienced in some of the skills covered in the program.
What is the best course of action Jim should take regarding the
skills that the students are already experienced in?
A. cover it anyway to preserve the integrity of the instructional design.
B. check that the students can really perform it, and adjust the class time as necessary.
C. ask if the students know the material, and adjust the presentation time accordingly.
D. go through it quickly.
6. Sally is delivering training in software applications. After the students demonstrate their knowledge of the subject matter, she conducts exercises with them, in which she asks questions rapidly, cuts students off in mid-sentence, and indicates when she does not understand their answers. Such an exercise is;
A. never appropriate because it could cause students to lose self esteem.
B. appropriate for system design engineers who must be thoroughly familiar with this subject matter.
C. appropriate for response center personnel who are being trained to respond to customer questions.
D. helpful for any students to assure their mastery of the material.
7. Fred delivers information in a short lecture, and then asks a question to which he receives no response. He rephrases the question, and after a pause a student gives an incomplete answer. An appropriate response is for Fred to:
A. accept the answer as correct in order to encourage more participation.
B. rephrase the question again to provide more clarity.
C. abandon the question and present the information again.
D. attempt to guide the student who answered to a complete response.
8. An instructor provides answers to questions that are not totally accurate in order to move on to another topic. This could be interpreted as a violation of:
A. interaction credibility.
B. social credibility.
C. personal credibility.
D. content credibility.
9. In a particular class, learners do well on a performance test, but
poorly on a written test that covers the same material.
This most clearly indicates that:
A. the written test is more valid than the performance test.
B. the performance test is more valid than the written test.
C. evaluation tests should be unobtrusive.
D. measurement techniques may not be truly predictive of performance.
10. A media failure has interrupted the progress of a class. Upon continuing the class it is most important for the instructor to:
A. pick up the presentation where it left off.
B. regain the learners interest.
C. insure students that the interruption will not recur.
D. review the material that was presented just before the interruption.
11. For this question, decide whether the action makes it likely or unlikely that the trainer will achieve the goal. Select the best statement of the reason that the actions are likely or unlikely to accomplish the goal.
GOAL: To reinforce the key points of a large group discussion that just took place.
ACTION: Ask one or more of the learners to summarize the discussion.
A. LIKELY, because the learners are actively involved in the summary.
B. LIKELY, because the instructor will not add bias to the summary.
C. UNLIKELY, because the learners may emphasize minor points in their summary.
D. UNLIKELY, because the instructor cannot control how well the key points are reinforced.
12. What takes precedence over the need for confidentiality?
A. The client’s request.
B. Nothing.
C. Issues of safety and law.
D. The instructors need for credibility.
13. A student is avoiding eye contact. It is most important for the instructor to:
A. confirm if the student has a need for clarification and feedback.
B. ask the student a question about the topic just discussed.
C. consider possible effects of group dynamics.
D. control the environment.
14 An instructor wants to capture ideas during a large group discussion for later reference in a training session, but acknowledges that he has poor handwriting on a chart. Which of the following is the best option for him to use to capture information?
A. provide the learners with a simple form to jot down the group’s ideas during the discussion.
B. write the group’s ideas on a transparency and project them on the available overhead projector.
C. ask for a volunteer with good flip chart skills to chart the group’s ideas on a flip chart during the discussion.
D. divide the group into smaller groups and have each group chart their ideas and report back.
15. The objective of a module states that the students will be able to identify a certain type of Bar Code (3 of 9). The instructor explained how the Bar Code was read and what the characteristics of a correctly formatted “3 of 9” Bar Code are. The feedback from the students indicated that they understood the concept. The instructor then, in an exercise, showed students examples of several types of Bar Codes, including 2 of 5, UP Code, codabar as well as 3 of 9 Bar Code, to see if they could identify the 3 of 9 Bar Code. They were able to do so.
This instructional strategy:
A. Is effective, because it uses advance organizers.
B. Is effective, because non-examples should be used to help learners discriminate between concepts
C. Is ineffective, because the students do not receive sufficient feedback.
D. Is ineffective, because it brings in extraneous material.
16. At the end of a training course for a newly designed application for a scanner system, the learners are able to fulfill the objectives of the program. The instructor then discovers that a modification to run this application on any scanner will not be ready for 6 months. The instructor should report this situation as:
A. a barrier to the transfer of learning.
B. a need for multiple observations of the learner.
C. a failure to adjust the contents to the learner needs.
D. bias in the administration of the test.
17. Which of the following might exemplify an effective use of humor, anecdotes, or stories?
A. A trainer relates a story about his wife’s driving describing it as “typically female”.
B. An out of state sales manager makes an amusing comment about a local landmark during a sales meeting.
C. A computer technical trainer tells of an awkward experience during a service call to a group of trainees.
D. A trainer, after handing out test results, recounted a golf outing with his priest stating; it seemed a higher authority was keeping score.
18. It is generally accepted that the instructor make a shift in the presentation media:
A. to maintain the focus of the content.
B. when learners begin to lose interest.
C. at least every 10 minutes
D. only when specified in the course outline.
19. John gives a presentation, and then asks a question to which no one responds. He then rephrases the question, and after a pause a learner gives an incorrect response. John’s most appropriate response is to:
A. analyze the response and attempt to find a logic behind it that will make it fit the question as a correct answer.
B. tell the student to try again.
C. give positive feedback to the student who gave the answer, in order to recognize the attempt.
D. review the material, since it appears that the students have not understood it.
20. For this question, decide whether the action makes it likely or unlikely that the trainer will achieve a goal. Select the best statement of the reason that the action is likely or unlikely to accomplish the goal.
GOAL: To secure learner involvement, interest and participation.
ACTION: State that management has determined to commit to a minimum of 25 hours of training per employee each year in order to improve its’ technical profile.
A. Unlikely, because it is ambiguous and arbitrary.
B. Unlikely, because it does not reflect the learner’s needs.
C. Likely, because it reflects the instructors needs.
D. Likely, because it lets the learner know the company’s direction.
21. For this question, decide whether the action makes it likely or unlikely that the trainer will achieve a goal. Select the best statement of the reason that the action is likely or unlikely to accomplish the goal.
GOAL: To achieve credibility in communicating with a training class.
Action: Incorporate colloquialisms familiar to the learners when speaking to the group.
A. Unlikely, because instructors must use universally understood terminology.
B. Unlikely, group norms need to be challenged.
C. Likely, because it reflects the instructor’s experience.
D. Likely, because it reflects group norms.
NOTE: Questions 22, 23 and 24 all relate to the following situation:
Carl is an instructor who conducts a course on repairing certain office equipment. The program specifies a maximum of two learners per machine. In one class it is necessary to assign three students per workstation. At the end of the instruction, Carl determines that the students were able to complete the objectives, however the schedule had to be adjusted to allow for more time.
22. Carl felt it was inappropriate to adjust the time in this class because of equipment availability. To whom is it most important that Carl report the situation?
A. The training manager who assigns resources.
B. The client who manages the learners.
C. The training designer who wrote the training.
D. Other instructors who teach the course.
23. Carl thinks that the course could be revised to allow more than two students per machine. To whom is it most important that Carl report this?
A. The training manager who assigns resources.
B. The client who manages the learners.
C. The training designer who wrote the training.
D. Other instructors who teach the course.
24. Carl discovers that this course may need to be conducted in the future under the same equipment constraints. To whom is it most important that Carl report this?
A. The training manager who assigns resources.
B. The client who manages the learners.
C. The training designer who wrote the training.
D. Other instructors who teach the course.
25. In the event of media failure, the best course of action is for the instructor to:
A. concentrate on the contingency plans for alternative media.
B. attempt minor repairs while providing for appropriate learning activities.
C. continue the presentation without the use of the media.
D. make every effort to repair it.
26. Poor instructor credibility is evident in the following.
A. The instructor admits to areas of ignorance.
B. The instructor makes sarcastic comments about the client at a dinner after the class.
C. The instructor allows a knowledgeable student to present his understanding to the class.
D. The instructor asks many questions.
27. Active listening technique is exhibited in the following.
A. The instructor guides a student answering a question to a correct conclusion.
B. Comments and questions from learners are paraphrased by the instructor.
C. The instructor allows a knowledgeable student to present his understanding to the class.
D. The instructor asks many questions.
28. Two students are engaging in a side discussion during class. The most appropriate action for the instructor to take first is to:
A. make eye contact with the students that are talking.
B. elevate voice.
C. move closer to those involved in the discussion.
D. stop speaking until the discussion stops.
29. An instructor tells off-color jokes during a presentation. This could be interpreted as a violation of:
A. interaction credibility.
B. personal credibility.
C. social credibility.
D. content credibility.
30. An instructor passes out advertisements for a relative’s business during a class. This could be interpreted as a violation of:
A. student involvement.
B. instructional design.
C. professional credibility.
D. limited liability.
31. An invited presenter’s lecture is obviously going to extend beyond the lunch break. The topic is generating interest, discussion and questions. The most appropriate action is for the instructor to:
A. break for lunch early and then resume with the scheduled agenda.
B. restore the original schedule.
C. allow more class time for the discussion because the students express obvious interest.
D. invite the guest to continue discussions with the students during lunch.
32. To create a good learning environment and minimize distractions, it is most important for the instructor to:
A. follow the course plan rigorously.
B. report information about the physical environment to the training manager.
C. provide a way for students to receive messages without disturbing them in class time.
D. provide the students with feedback on their performance.
33. Following an instructor’s presentation of new material, questions are asked of the class. There is a pause of about 5 seconds before the students answer. The instructor’s best course of action is:
A. to abandon the questions and review the material.
B. to rephrase questions.
C. to allow the students to use the time to formulate their answers.
D. to direct questions to specific students.
34. During class a student disagrees with the instructor and continues a discussion longer than necessary. The other learners appear restless, silent and avoid eye contact. The most appropriate action for the instructor to take is to:
A. summarize the discussion and move on to the next topic.
B. give more examples to clarify the content.
C. ask the class if they wish to continue the discussion or move on to the next topic.
D. offer to continue the discussion with the student later.
35. During a class one student answers all the questions, to the extent that other students are not contributing. The best course of action is for the instructor to:
A. Direct questions to other students.
B. Ignore the students responses.
C. Probe the student’s answers for inaccuracies.
D. Redirect the question after the student answers.
36. The best type of questions to verify if students have an understanding of a new topic are:
A. overhead questions.
B. questions directed to a specific student.
C. reflective questions.
D. closed questions.
37. All of the following are accomplished when instructors use feedback and rewards except:
A. to recognize learner accomplishments.
B. to improve performance.
C. to build learner confidence.
D. to provide standard rewards to all learners in all situations.
38. When making adjustments to learning materials, it is most important for the instructor to:
A. use the recommended media.
B. retain the integrity of the objectives and content.
C. make sure the changes conform to the original target population description.
D. have the materials conform to his or her own preferred teaching style.
39. For this question, decide whether the action makes it likely or unlikely that the trainer will achieve the goal in the stated situation. Select the best statement of the reason that the action is likely or unlikely to accomplish the goal.
SITUATION: A department with serious morale problems has scheduled for you to deliver technical training.
GOAL: To accomplish the objectives of the training, so that students can pass the performance test.
ACTION: Indicate that you are willing to listen and learn about their situation, but remind the group when necessary that your purpose and theirs is to accomplish the course objectives.
A. UNLIKELY, because the learners will not be able to learn until you address their morale problem.
B. UNLIKELY, because by offering to listen you will create diversions and distractions.
C. LIKELY, because you have acknowledged their situation without taking on a responsibility that is not yours.
D. LIKELY, because the learners can anticipate that you will contribute to the resolution of their problem.
40. When all factors are equal, the most appropriate time to schedule a hands-on practice is:
A. at the end of the course.
B. after all the new content modules are presented.
C. after lunch.
D. early in the day.
41. The presentation strategy for a course requires continuing use of an overhead projector, with ongoing reference to manuals. The instructor arrives at the site and finds that the tables and chairs are arranged in rows, with students all facing in one direction. The instructor should:
A. keep the seating as is.
B. have the tables and chairs arranged in clusters, with students seated around the tables.
C. arrange the chairs in a circle to encourage group interaction and participation.
D. have the tables and chairs arranged in a horseshoe configuration.
42. After giving a test to the students, the instructor evaluates the results. The appropriate audience for this information is:
A. other instructors who give this course.
B. the client who manages the learners.
C. the training manager who scheduled the program.
D. the training designer who wrote the training.
43. A course contains a list of information that the learners must be able to repeat immediately. The most appropriate teaching tool to use for this information is:
A. conducting simulation exercises.
B. providing a job aid.
C. administering written tests.
D. providing mnemonics.
44. The most effective way for an instructor to check that she understands a learner’s comment is to:
A. redirect the question to the group.
B. ask a closed question.
C. respond first, then ask for confirmation.
D. reverse the question to paraphrase what the learner said.
45. An instructional objective states: “Using a standard tool kit, be able to adjust the transport mechanism to the tolerance specified in the manual” The best test item for this objective is:
A. State the correct adjustment tolerances.
B. Adjust the transport mechanism.
C. Describe the adjustment procedure.
D. Locate the procedure in the manual.
46. All of the following are appropriate reasons to make adjustments to the learning material, except:
A. material is out of date.
B. learners come to the training with more knowledge of the material than typical.
C. the client has identified a need to concentrate more training in certain areas.
D. switching a lecture format for a self-teach format to comply with the instructors preference.
47. Which of the following is most likely to be a successful communication practice.
A. The instructor tells the students what their body language indicates.
B. The instructor arranges for a translator for students who are not fluent in his language.
C. The instructor refers to programmers as “geeks” because that is the term that the learners use.
D. The instructor lets learners draw their own conclusions from examples rather than explaining them.
48. A module’s objective is to enable learners to match film output with a reference card, to determine defects in the output. The most appropriate way to teach this discrimination skill is to:
A. provide mnemonics to enhance memory.
B. thoroughly document the areas where differences are likely to occur.
C. present examples and non-examples for the concept.
D. use easy-to-difficult sequences, first show large mismatches, and then smaller ones.
49. An instructor plans to use an overhead projector in a presentation. The training site has large windows without blinds, making the image hard to see. This defect in training delivery would most reflect a failure in the following competency.
A. selecting presentation strategies.
B. control the physical environment.
C. confirming the logistical arrangements.
D. understanding the audience.
50. An instructor asks a question, to which a student gives an incorrect answer. Not wanting to contradict the student directly, the instructor redirects the student’s answer to the class, expecting that the class will provide the correct response. However, the feedback from the other students indicates that they think that the first student’s answer is correct.
In this situation the instructor’s strategy:
A. is ineffective because he has to correct the entire class.
B. is ineffective because he did not obtain the response he expected.
C. is effective because he was able to determine the degree of learner understanding.
D. is ineffective because he appears to lose credibility with the learners.
51. To put learners at ease, an instructor should use which of the following forms of eye contact.
A. Establishing direct eye contact with each learner as often as possible.
B. Maintaining eye contact with learners who seem most engaged in the presentation.
C. Limiting eye contact to avoid intimidating the learners.
D. Glancing around frequently to make sure everyone is engaged.
52. An instructor is delivering training to a new audience he is not familiar with. He will not have the opportunity to discuss the material with the client to identify possible adjustments to the materials. The best way for the instructor to find relevant applications of the material to the learners’ situation is to:
A. schedule frequent practice sessions.
B. present the material as generically as possible.
C. conduct discussions asking the learners to identify applications.
D. meet with more experienced learners during breaks to critique the content.
ANSWERS
1) Correct answer: C. This amounts to "staring at selected learners", which the Standards states that you should avoid.
2) Correct answer: A. An "unstructured" format might not be the appropriate atmosphere for a course. For example, you might not want to have this in a seventh grade math class. Sometimes a degree of tension is inevitable in meeting the objectives of the course, if the students need to be able to perform under pressure, for example.
3) Correct answer: C. Choices A, B, and D put the instructor into the role of "content application expert" - a dangerous position. It is one thing to clear up confusion about content, but the application of content is a step made by the learners. Other learners usually have a better handle on both the particulars of the situation and how the content applies. Too often the answer supplied by the instructor is something the learner has already tried, or because of the complexity of the circumstances the solution is impractical, leaving the learner to think "that solution doesn't work, so I guess this content is not useful to me."
4) Correct answer: D. Since the skill is one that can be covered without losing a lot of time, Jim should attempt to assure learner success by managing the time and giving the student special attention. "C" is not a good answer because learners should be able to attribute success to their own efforts. "B" is not the best answer because sometimes it is appropriate to give students special attention. Since the skill does not take a long time to learn, "A" is not the best answer because the instructor should be able to flex to cover this. However, if the prerequisite took a long time to cover, this might be the most reasonable course of action.
5) Correct answer: B. The instructor should be able to manage the time by adjusting the time accorded to each segment. However, he should try to assure that students really do cover all objectives. Don't just "ask" about it (as in answer "A"), check to see that they really can "do" it before moving on.
6) Correct answer: C. Ordinarily these would be terrible classroom practices, but if Sally is conducting the class for this target population, it does reflect the demands of real-world performance. Remember, you must know your target population.
7) Correct answer: D. Always try to work with what you get by way of a response, and guide the student to a more complete or correct answer.
8) Correct answer: D.
9) Correct answer: D. you get this answer mainly through the process of elimination. There is not enough information given in the question to justify either "A" or "B". Answer "C" is true, but not relevant to the question. Answer "D" is correct according to the Standards.
10) Correct answer: B. The Standards state that learner interest must be gained at the beginning of the course and as an introductory activity after any scheduled or unscheduled breaks. the first thing to do when presenting instruction is to get the learner's attention and interest.
11) Correct answer: A. A general rule for instructors is that the more learners are actively involved, the more they learn. Too often, instructors do not apply this concept to simple summaries of discussions or instructions. Key points that are most relevant to learners are best summarized by the learners themselves, and if any major points are missed, the instructor always can add those later to the summary. The instructor also will have a better idea about what the learners gained from the discussion, which may be valuable information for conducting the rest of the class.
12) Correct answer: C. this is right from the Standards.
13) Correct answer: A. According to the Standards, absence of eye contact can indicate a need for clarification and feedback. It is possible that the enviornment has something to do with it (possible distractions), or that some aspect of the group dynamics has intimidated the learner from making eye contact. But the first order of business is to check for understanding of the content.
14) Correct answer: C. All of the options are viable, but response "C" has the fewest drawbacks. Response "D" will take more time and will have less guidance from the facilitator. Response "B" uses an overhead projector which is more difficult to reference later on, and response "A" leaves the instructor with nothing to reference from thre entire group (the learners all have their own lists, and all will be different). Also, response "C" provides the added bonus of involving a learner more in the actitvity.
15) Correct answer: B. This is right from the criteria for the competency as stated in the book.
16) Correct answer: A. Transfer of learning occurs when the learners take what they learned in class and apply it on the job. Since there will be a large gap between the training class and workplace application, the transfer of learning is jeopardized. Answer "C" is not correct because there is no indication that the content has to be adjusted - just the timing of the class. Answers "B" and "D" do not apply to this situation.
17) Correct answer: C. Ordinarilly, these would be terrible classroom practices, but if the class is being conducted for this target population (computer trainees), it does reflect the demands of real-world performance.
18) Correct answer: C. This is right out of the Standards book.
19) Correct answer: C. Answer "A" is incorrect as the Standards state that you should not "spend disproportionate amounts of time deciphering the logic of incorrect answers". Answer "B" provides no reinforcing feedback to the learner and may cause the learner to withdraw. Answer "D" is not correct because it is too early to determine that the learners do not understand.
20) Correct answer: B. You gain learner involvement by creating a link between the learners' needs and interests and the organizational needs, with an emphasis on the learners' needs.
21) Correct answer: D. "D" is the best answer, but you must be careful not to use colloquialisms that may be offensive to certain groups. For instance, the programming group may refer to themselves as "geeks", but may find it offensive to be called that by other groups.
22) Correct answer: A. The training manager is responsible for the physical arrangements, so an elvaluation on the number of machines goes to him/her.
23) Correct answer: C. the training designer is responsible for establishing the instructional strategy, so a suggestion for revisions should go to him/her.
24) Correct answer: D. It is the primary responsibility of the instructors to adjust class scheduling for unique situations. If the instructor provides this information to the other instrutors, they will be able to plan accordingly.
25) Correct answer: B. You want to try to repair minor media failures, but it is important to provide the students with something to continue their learning. Don't attempt major repairs or you will take too much time. "A" is partially correct, insofar as you should have contingency plans in place and be prepared to employ them. But don't concentrate on these to the extent of neglecting the students.
26) Correct answer: B. Note that according to the Standards, the instructors' competency extends to actions both inside and outside of class. All the other practices are consistent with instructor credibility. the instructor should be able to admit to areas of ignorance, and allow knowledgeable leraners to demonstrate their skill, without being threatened by them.
27) Correct answer: B. When the instructor repeats and paraphrases comments and questions posed by the learners, the instructor demonstartes an interest in what the learner has to say, thus reinforcing the learning process.
28) Correct answer: C. This action will draw the attention of the class to the students engaging in the side discussion. This method of extinguishment allows the instructor to change a learners' undesirable behavior without admonishing the learner and thus jeopardizing the learning process.
29) Correct answer: C. According to the Standards, this violates social credibility.
30) Correct answer: C. Be sure you know that, according to the Standards, professional credibility is divided into three areas: socia credibility, personal credibility and content credibility. The Glossary in the back of the book defines each one.
31) Correct answer: D. In this solution, the break takes place as planned, learner needs are met, and a contingency plan is used. All of these are part of the Competency performances.
32) Correct answer: C. "A" is a good practice unless other factors require the instructor to make adjustments (as often happens in real life). "B" and "D" are good practices, but "C" is most related to creating a learning enviornment free from distractions.
33) Correct answer: C. Five seconds is a normal time to wait for students to formulate answers, especially to questions on new material.
34) Correct answer: C. The instructor should try to determine if the talkative learner's actions indicate a misunderstanding which is shared by the rest of the class. By redirecting the first student's remarks to the class, the instructor can gauge their understanding. Also, if the first student is just being offensive, this strategy has the advantage of allowing the other students to subtly indicate their desire to curtail the discussion. This will prevent the situation from becoming a feud between the student and the instructor, as it involves the other students as allies in the solution.
35) Correct answer: D. To "redirect" questions means to ask other students to comment on a statement that a student has made. This is the best course of action, as it will tend to involve the other students, while at the same time not attack the talkative student.
36) Correct answer: A. Learn the definitions of the types of questions described in the Standards: open, closed, overhead, direct, reflective, redirected and reversed. The definitions are in the glossary. Also note that the Standards states that "overhead questions should be used whenever possible to promote the possibility of a learner correctly answering the question".
37) Correct answer: D. Answer "D" violates good practices in two ways. First, the instructor can and should modify motivational strategies to be appropriate to the learners' needs and interests. Secondly, rewards should not be given arbitrarily, and must be related to learner performance, not handed out to all learners in all situations.
38) Correct answer: B. Answers "A" and "C" are valid reasons to change learning materials, so it is not so important that these be retained. "D" is of minor importance - a capable instructor should be able to teach in a variety of styles, and not modify the material to fit a preferred style. "B" is the most important factor - never modify the instructional design of a program unless it is absolutely necessary, and then only if the change is documented and reported.
39) Correct answer: C. Since this is a technical training program, it is not appropriate to try to engage the dynamics of the group in the training situation. (For certain non-technical training situations this may be appropriate.) However, you do want to acknowledge that the morale problem exists in order to create an enviornment where the learners have your understanding. Answer "C" provides the correct balance of acknowledging the students' situation while directing them to the program objectives.
40) Correct answer: C. This would be a generally accepted practice for good time management. Learners' attention tends to drop after lunch, so use that time for hands-on activities.
41) Correct answer: A. This is a good arangement for this course. If students are clustered around tables, or the tables are arranged in a horseshoe it will be more difficult for the students to view the media.
42) Correct answer: B. The Standards indicate four audiences for training evaluation, each with needs for different types of information, but does not clearly state which type of information goes to which audience. Use your best judgement to determine this. In this case, the test results of the individual learners should go to their manager. While the other audiences might benefit from knowing the test results, it should be presented in a summary report to protect the confidentiality of the learners.
43) Correct answer: D. Mnemonics enhance memory, like using the name "Roy G. Biv" to memorize the colors of the spectrum. It is one of the standard instructional techniques you should utilize. Answer "A" does not fit because simulations and role play are used to teach interactions, but are not helpful for teaching rote memory. Answer "B" is not appropriate because in this situation the learner must be able to repeat the information from memory, and a job aid (like a reference card with the information) would not fulfill the objective. Answer "C" might be a good way to assess the performance, but not to teach it.
44) Correct answer: D. Here is another example of where you need to know the types of questions described in the Standards: open, closed, overhead, direct, refelctive, redirected and reversed. Find the definitions in the Glossary. The reversed or reflective question is used to clarify what a learner has said. For example: "You would like more information on what the indications of the malfunction are, right?"
45) Correct answer: B. Test items should mirror the objective as closely as possible. Since the performance of the objective is to adjust the transport mechanism, that is what should be tested.
46) Correct answer: D. The Standards allow minor revisions for "A", "B", and "C", but not to accord with trainer preferences.
47) Correct answer: B. Answer "A" is likely to cause learner resistance and discomfort. Answer "C" might be taken as demeaning to the programmers, even though this language may be a group norm. Answer "D" is improbable because the instructor should ordinarily explain what examples to relate to.
48) Correct answer: D. You need to be able to match a specific teaching technique with specific content. The Standards describes this "easy-to-difficult sequence" as a good way to teach fine discrimination skills, in situations where learners are to match a new sample (the film output) with a given standard (the reference card). Answer "A" would be used to assist rote memory. Answer "B" is very difficult to teach, and answer "C" would be used for more conceptual information.
49) Correct answer: B. Answer "A" is not correct because presentation strategies refers to the content of the instruction. "C" is not correct because logistical arrangements refers to such things as registration, travel plans, lodging. etc.
50) Correct answer: C. Even though the response to the redirected question was not what the instructor expected, he is able to use this situation to determine that the other learners lack understanding of the material. Had the instructor just corrected the first student's response, he would not have had the opportunity to realize that the other students also did not comprehend the content. Answer "A" is true insofar as the instructor does now need to provide the correct information to the class, but this will contribute to the learning enviornment, not detract from it. Answer "D" is incorrect because there is nothing in the situation that undermines the instructor's credibility to the class.
51) Correct answer: A. When making eye contact with a group, an instructor should use the same guidelines he would use when making eye contact with an individual in a one-on-one discussion. In Western cultures, direct eye contact gives the learner the feeling he is important and involved in the discussion. Limiting eye contact or glancing around too frequently can give the learner feelings of being unimportant and/or disconnected from the process, neither of which puts the learner at ease.
52) Correct answer: C. One of the benefits of discussions is to gain input from the learners' perspective. The other answers are clumsy or irrelevant.