True adjectives--These are original Japanese adjectives. This one ends in "-i "
 Noun adjectives--These are nouns of Chinese origin which are used as adjectives,

A, True adjectives

How to use true adjectives is as follows.
 
(1) Attributive usage   (true adjective + noun)

 <examples>

Positive form	Negative form
Ookii ie ( big house)	Ooki-kunai ie ( not-big house)
Chiisai ie ( small house)	Chiisa-kunai ie ( not-small house)
Takai tokei ( expensive watch)	Taka-kunai tokei ( not-expensive watch)
Yasui tokei ( cheap watch)	Yasu-kunai tokei ( not-cheap watch)
Atarashii kutsu ( new shoes)	Atarashi-kunai kutsu ( not-new shoes)
Furui kutsu ( old shoes)	Furu-kunai kutsu ( not-old shoes)
Atsui hi ( hot day)	Atsu-kunai hi ( not-hot day)
Samui hi ( cold day)	Samu-kunai hi ( not-cold day)
Oishii tabemono ( tasty food)	Oishi-kunai tabemono ( not-tasty food)
Omoi kaban ( heavy bag)	Omo-kunai kaban ( not-heavy bag)

 *Positive attributive usage=> a true adjective ends in "i"sound
 *Negative attributive usage=> final "i" is replaced by "kunai"
 
(2) Predicative usage  (true adjective + desu/kuwaarimasen)  <Please hear these sentences.>
 

Positive sentence (-desu)	Negative sentence (-kuwaarimasen or kunai desu)
Kyoo wa atsui desu. ( Today is hot.)	Kyoo wa atsu-kuwaarimasen/atsu-kunaidesu.  (Today is not hot.)
Kyoo wa samui desu. ( Today is cold.)	Kyoo wa samu-kuwaarimasen/samu-kunaidesu.  (Today is not cold)
Kore wa chiisai desu. ( This is small.)	Kore wa chiisa-kuwaarimasen/chiisa-kunaidesu.  (This is not small)
Kono kaban wa omoi desu. ( This bag is heavy)	Kono kaban wa omo-kuwaarimasen/omo-kunaidesu.  (This bag is not heavy)

 * Question sentence add "ka" after "desu"  <-- desuka ?>
 * In negative sentence, the final  "i "falls away and is replaced by "-kuwaarimasen"or"-kunai desu"
 * "wa" just before "arimasen" is omissible."

Exercise1, Please give the appropriate answer in Japanese,as shown in example.

  Example:  Kono tokei wa atarashii desuka.
                 (Hai) Kono tokei/Kore wa atarashii desu.
              (Iie)  Kore wa atarashikuwaarimasen. or Kore wa  atarashikunaidesu.
 
  * In actual Japanese conversation, the subject part is usually omitted in the answer.
    thus  you can say  like"hai, atarashii desu ", " Iie, atarashiku naidesu."

 1, Kono niku wa oishii desu ka  * niku=meat
    (Hai)
 2, Nihongo no benkyoo wa muzukashii desu ka * benkyoo=study . *muzukashii=difficult
    (Iie)
 3, Anata no kaisha wa ookii desu ka
    (Iie)
 4, Ano maaketto wa yasui desu ka * maaketto=market
    (Hai)
 5, Anata no inu wa otonashii desu ka * inu=dog,  * otonashii=quiet
    (Iie)
 6, Kanojo wa utsukushii desu ka * kanojo= she,(Kare=he), utsukushii=beautiful
    (Hai)
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Exercise 2, Please rewrite the sentences as in example.

  Example:  Kono hon wa atarashii desu.--> Kore wa atarashii hon desu.
                Kono hon wa atarashikunai desu--> Kore wa atarashikunai hon desu.

1,Sono shinbun wa furui desu.-->
   Sono shinbun wa furukunai desu.-->
      *shinbun=newspaper

2,Kono tesuto wa yasashii desu.-->
   Kono tesuto wa yasashikunai desu.-->
      *tesuto=test *yasashii= easy

3,Ano nihongo no jisho wa ii desu.-->
   Ano nihongo no jisho wa yokunai desu.-->
      *jisho=dictionary *ii=good *yokunai=not-good

4,Sono tori wa utsukushii desu.-->
   Sono tori wa utsukushikunai desu.-->
      * tori= bird

5,Kono eiga wa omoshiroi desu.-->
   Kono eiga wa omoshirokunai desu.-->
      * eiga=movie, omoshiroi= interesting,amusing
 
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 In conversation, we often use modifying words(adverbs) for adjectives like "very hot ",
 "a bit cold" . I shall now give you the Japanese equivalents of these expressions.

 Basic sentence: Kyoo wa samui desu (Today is cold , It is cold toady )
 
 "very" expression: Kyoo wa (taihen or totemo) samui desu.(Today is very cold)

 "a little" expression: Kyoo wa (chotto or sukoshi) samui desu.(Today is a litte cold)

 "not so much"expression: Kyoo wa( sonnani or amari) samu-kuwaarimasen/kunai desu. (Today is not so cold)
 
* Please note that"sonnani/amari"is combined with the negative form of the predicate.
* Please put the modifying word immediately before the modified adjective.

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Exercise 3, Please rearrange the follwing words to form sentences,as in the example.

  Example: < atsui, wa, kyoo, chotto, desu>--> Kyoo wa chotto atsui desu.

1, <taihen, watashi, ureshii, wa, desu> * ureshii=happy, joyful
2, <Kaban, kono, takai, desu, wa. totemo>
3, <chotto, hon, muzukashii, wa, desu, sono>
4, <kono, sonnani, e, utsukushikunai,wa, desu>* e= picture,illustration
5, <watashi, wakakunai, wa, desu, sonnani>* wakai=young
 
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Exercise 4, Please translate the following conversations into Japanese.

A, What is this food ?
B. This is Japanese Raamen .
A, Is this delicious ?
B, Yes, it is very delicious.
   but,it is little bit hot.

(but=demo)(food=tabemono)(hot=karai) (Raamen is Japanese noodle soup )

C, Where is your car ?
D, It is here.
C, This car is so beautiful, isn't it ?
D, Thank you. But this one is not so new.

( "-isn't it ?" form is "desu ne." Just add "ne"( sentence final particle) after "desu"
 
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