In this lesson, you will learn demonstratives such as "kore/sore/are"
and some interrogative words.
Please read well and send me your answers of exercises in this lesson
via e-mail.
A, Demonstrative pronouns ( Kore, Sore, Are )
Please read exemplary sentences. <You can hear these sentences.>
1, Q Kore wa anata no hon desu ka
.( Is this your book ?)
A, Hai, sou desu. Kore wa watashi
no hon desu. ( Yes.quite so, This is my book.)
2, Q, Sore wa anata no Kaban desu ka (
Is that your bag ? )
A, Hai, sou desu. Kore wa watashi
no Kaban desu. ( Yes.quite so, This is my bag)
3. Q, Are wa anata no ie desu ka .(
Is that your house ? )
A, Hai, sou desu. Are wa watashi
no ie desu. ( Yes.quite so, That is my house.)
( * Sou desu= quite so or that
is right )
< Grammatical notes >
* "KORE" means " this one ". "SORE " "ARE
" means " that one"
When you use those demonstrative
words, please note the following point.
If the object exists close
to you , you refer to the object by "Kore "
If the object exists close
to the listener , you refer to the object by "Sore"
If the object exists far
from you and listener, you refer to the object by "Are"
* If you want to specify the object as "this book
", "that house ", you say
KONO+( object ), SONO+(object
) , ANO+(object)
Example: Kono Hon ( this book), Sono Hito ( that person) , Ano Kuni ( that country )
*Please apply the above rule when you say "kono-- , Sono--, Ano--" style, too.
* If the object is plural, you can use the following
words.
"kore"=> "korera"
e.g korera wa watashi no desu.( These are mine.)
"kono"=>"korera-no"
e.g korera-no hon wa watashi no(hon) desu.( These books are mine.)
"sore"=>"sorera"
e.g sorera wa watashi no hon desu. ( Those are my books.)
"sono"=>"sorera-no"
e.g sorera-no hon wa watashi no(hon) desu. ( Those books are
mine.)
"are"=>"arera"
e.g arera wa kare no hon desu. ( Those are his books.)
"ano"=>"arera-no"
e.g arera-no hon wa kare no hon desu. ( Those books are his books.)
Let's do some exercises now.
<Exercise 1> Please make Japanese sentences as in the following example
example
Is this your watch ? ( watch= Tokei )--Kore wa anata no tokei desu
ka.
1, positive answer --- Hai. sou desu. Kore wa watashi no tokei desu.
2, negative answer --- Iie, sou dewa- arimasen. Kore wa watshi no tokei
dewa-arimasen.
1, Is this your father's car
? ( father=otoo-san) *Please see topic at the end of the lesson.
1)
positive answer ---
2)
negative answer ---
2, Is this person your friend
? ( friend = Tomodachi) ---
1)
positive answer ---
2)
negative answer ---
3, Are those Japanese dictionaries
yours ? ( yours = Anatano )
(
the dictionaries are close to the person to answer )
1)
positive answer ---
2)
negative answer ---
4, Is that camera your camera
? ( camera= kamera )
(
the camera is far from you and the person to answer )
1)
positive answer ---
2)
negative answer ---
5, Is that photo your
family ? ( photo = Shashin)
(
the photo is close to the person to answer )
1)
positive answer ---
2)
negative answer ---
B, Demonstrative of location ( Koko, Soko, Asoko )
Please read exemplary sentences. (You can click here to hear this
conversation.)
Koko wa anata no ie desu ka.
( Is this place your home?)
* In conversation, if the place or building is a
little far from the both persons , they can use "soko" to refer to that.
<Exercise
2> Please fill in the demonstrative word for location into the blank as
shown
example: Kono
ie wa watashi no ie dewa-arimasen. ( koko ) wa watashi no chichi
no ie desu.
1, Ano mise wa
keeki no mise desu. ( ) wa resutoran
dewa-arimasen. *mise=shop ,keeki=cake
, resutoran=restaurant
C, Interrogatives ( Nani,
Doko, Dare )
"NANI " means "What". "DOKO" means "Where"
and "DARE" means " who"
* "DOCHIRA " in stead of "Doko" is used
as a polite expression
Basic question sentence structure using
these interrogatives is as follows
*(Subject,topic) wa nan desuka ?
* Say "nan " instead of "nani
" before " desu". Don't say "nani desu ka "
Now, how do you answer these questions ? That is
easy!.
Examples: Kore wa nan desu ka --> ( Tsukue
= table)--> Kore wa Tsukue desu.
<Exercise 3>Please
make question and answers in Japanese as in the example.
Example: Q ( kore,
desu ,ka , wa, nan ) ----- Kore wa nan desu ka
1, Q ( Anata , nan, Shigoto,
desu, wa, no, ka )----
2, Q ( doko, Kaisha, wa, Anata,
desu,ka, no)----
3, Q ( Kono , desu, wa, ka, Shashin ,dare
)---
4, Q ( Shumi , no, Anata ,wa, ka, nan ,
desu )---
5, Q ( Anata , ka, wa, Iriguchi,
no, ie, no, doko, desu)--
6, Q( Sono, Eiga, Kantoku,no
,desu, ka, wa, dare)--
D, How to make proper question
sentence.
Please read the following
sentences
1, Koko wa watashi
no ie desu.
( This place is my house )
If the underlined words of
the above 3 sentences are answers for questions, how do you make
proper questions
1 (Answer) Koko wa watashi no ie
desu <------ (question) Koko wa
doko desu ka
<Exercise 4>
Please compose questions appropriate for the following answer sentences
Example
Answer : Watashi wa Suzuki desu ====> Question: Anata
wa dare desu ka.
1, Answer:
Watashi no namae wa Tom desu.( My name is Tom)
2, Answer:
Watashi no Gakkoo wa asoko desu. ( My school is there
)
3, Answer:
Kono Hito wa watashi no haha desu. ( This person is my mother)
*haha= mother
4, Answer:
Ano Kuruma wa watashi no Kuruma desu. ( That car is my car
)
5, Answer:
Sono Kokki wa Amerika no Kokki desu. ( That flag is an American
flag ) *Kokki= flag
=================================================================================
In Japanese, how to say personal nouns such as "father"."mother","elder/younger
brother","elder/
Generally speaking, when speaker refers to own family, the spaeker uses
modest form like "chichi".
I show you other examples here.
(mother)
(older brother)
(younger brother)
(older sister)
(younger sister)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------end
of lesson-2-------
Iie, watashi no ie wa asoko desu.( No,my
home is that place)
<Grammatical notes>
*"koko" means "this place " . "soko " and "asoko
" means "that place ".
If the place or building is far
from them, they can use "asoko" to refer to the place they are talikg
about.
in the example.
example: Ano gakkoo
wa anata no gakkoo desu ka ? Hai, ( asoko ) wa
watashi no gakkoo desu.
2, Kono heya wa benkyoo no heya desu ka ? Hai, (
) wa benkyoo no heya desu. *heya=room
3, Sono kouen wa
kuni no kouen desu ka.? Iie, ( ) wa kuni no kouen
dewa-arimasen. * kouen=park , kuni=nation
4,
Anata no kaisha wa ano biru desu ka.? Hai, soo desu. (
) wa watashi no kaisha desu. *biru=building
5, kare no ie wa soko
desu ka? Hai, ( ) wa kare no ie desu.
* "DONATA" in stead of "Dare" is used
as a polite expression.
example Kore wa nan desuka
. ( What is this ? )
*(subject,topic) wa doko/dochira
desuka ?
example. Koko wa doko/dochira
desuka.( Where isthis place? )
*(subject,topic)wa dare/donata desu
ka
example Anata wa dare/donata
desuka. ( Who are you ? )
Just replace the interrogative word by the word for the
answer .
Koko wa doko desu ka-->( Ginkou= bank)--> Koko wa Ginkou
desu.
Anata wa donata desu ka-->( Yamada)--> Watashi wa
Yamada desu.
(word order exercise)
A ( desu, wa, watashi, Kaban , no, kore ) -----Kore wa watashi no Kaban
desu. ( Kaban=bag)
A ( Watashi ,
desu, Shigoto, Sensei, no , wa ) ---
* Shigoto =job, work * sensei=teacher
A ( Kaisha
, desu, soko, wa, Watashi, no)----
* Kaisha= company, firm
A ( desu, wa,
Shashin, watashi ,Tsuma ,no , kono)--
* Shashin=picture, photo, Tsuma = wife
A( wa, Shumi,
desu, no, watashi , Karaoke)---
* Shumi= hobby
A ( desu,wa,
watashi, Iriguchi, no,no, ie, koko )--
* Iriguchi= entrance , ie=house
A ( wa,
desu,Kantoku, Eiga, no, sono, Kurosawa )--
* Eiga=movie, Kantoku=director
2, Koko wa tomodachi no ie desu.
( This place is friend's house)
3, Watashi no ie
wa koko desu. ( My house is this place/here )
for each sentence ? Here are the answers.
< This place is my house >
<Where is this place ? >
2 (Answer) Koko wa tomodachi no
ie desu. <------( question) Koko wa dare no ie desu
ka.
<This place is friend's house>
<Whose house is this place?>
3 (Answer) Watashi no ie wa koko
desu. <------ ( question) Anata no ie wa doko
desu ka ?
< My house is here/this palce >
< Where is your house ? >
as in the example.
* the underlined word becomes answer
Question:
Question
Question
Question
Question
<TOPIC> How to say "father", "mother"
in Japanese
younger sister"are different depending on whether they refer
to the speaker's family or not..
For example, you can refer to "father" in " my father " as "chichi"
( watashi no chichi).
But, in case of "father" in "your father", it is preferable to
refer as "otoo-san" (anata no otoo-san).
But, when speaker refers to the other family, the speaker uses honorific
form like "otto-san".
my mother-- watashi no haha
your mother--anata no okaa-san / his mother--kare no okaa-san
my older brother--watashi no ani
your older brother--anata no onii-san / her older brother--kanojo
no onii-san
my younger brother--watashi no otouto
your younger brother--anata no otouto-san / his younger brother--kare
no otouto-san
my older sister--watashi no ane
your older sister--anata no onee-san / Mr.Mori's older sister--Mori-san
no onee-san
my younger sister--watashi no imouto
your younger sister--anata no imouto-san/Mr.Ito's younger sister-Ito-san
no imouto-san
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