| Militarism � In the late 1800�s, there was a big glorification of the military this is called militarism. This rise was partly due to the ideas of Social Darwinism. To make there militaries the best, countries started to buy more weapons and soon military leaders started to push for it to start a war. Ultimatum � This is a final set o demands before a nation goes to war. An example is when Austria demanded that Serbia punish and kill all that were in the plot to kill the Archduke. Mobilize � Mobilization is the time needed to raise a good fighting army. I a few short weeks after the war had started the French had mobilized almost 8.5 million, Britain 9 million, Russia 12 million, and Germany 11 million. Neutrality � This is where a country does not declare war or help any fighting nations. In the beginning of WW I the United States declared neutrality. Total war � Soon the nations found that the modern war was one that called for more factory work and more hours to produce war materials this was called total war. Propaganda � Both sides, Allis and Central Powers, tried to make propagandas, to spread ideas of their cause to others in the opposing countries, to cause harm and destruction Atrocity � During WWI stories of horrible acts against innocent people, atrocities, were spread in propaganda. Armistice � This is what Wilhelm II signed to ended the war in early November, this is an agreement to end fighting Reparations � The Allies blamed the Central Powers for the war and made them pay reparations, or payments for the Allied loses. Mandate � These where lands taken from Germany and the Ottoman Empires after WWI. These mandates were then divided between the Allies. Edith Cavell � She was a British nurse who ran a Red Cross hospital in Belgium after Germany invaded. Unfortunately, Germany found out about this and shot her as a spy. Georges Clemenceau � He was the French leader present at The Paris Peace Conference. His main goal was to weaken Germany so it could never be a world threat again. Alfred Nobel � Was the inventor of dynamite. In his will, he set up the Nobel Peace Prize to award people for their inventions that helped peace Gavrilo Princip � Was the killer of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife. Princip plead guilty, but regretted the killing of the Archduke�s wife Sarajevo � This is where the Archduke was attacked the first time in Serbia. He was not hurt, but on of the guards was wounded. Woodrow Wilson � He was the President of the United States of America during WWI. He went to France t make peace after the war, and there he brought hope to most Europeans. Wilson�s Fourteen Points � Even though Wilson declared war he still wanted peace. So he released his fourteen points stating how this war and other wars can be avoided Francis Ferdinand � Was the Archduke of Austria-Hungry, he was going to Belgrade for peace talks, but was assassinated on his way to the capital. Kaiser William II � Was the Kaiser of Germany during WWI. He wanted to defeat France to show his military�s power. Bertha Von Suttner � She was born to an Austrian military family, but became a tireless worker of peace. She wrote a book called Lay Down Your Arms and it became a best seller. Triple Alliance � A triple alliance occurs when three countries become bound in treaties with each other. An example is Germany, Austria-Hungry, and Italy Ottoman Empire � Was where the war began. They called on Germany and Germany�s allies to help fight, soon starting the chain reaction. Trench Warfare � This is a type of warfare where you build holes in the ground, trenches, and wait for the right moment to attack the enemy. Machine gun (role it played in WWI) � The machine gun helped the war because it could shoot hundreds more bullets then a regular gun. Airplane (role it played in WWI) � The airplanes were used for light bombing, but mostly for recon missions over enemy territory. Role of women in WWI � Women helped grow the nations food, run businesses, and even became nurses to help on the front lines. Nationalism (tensions between France and Germany) � France was still upset over their lose in the Franco-Persian War and wanted to reclaim national pride by defeating Germany. Germany knew it was stronger than France and therefore wanted to start another war. Paris Peace Conference � This is where all the countries ending the Great War by signing the war treaties. American neutrality � At the beginning of WWI the US Woodrow Wilson wanted no part of the war and only wanted peaceful times for the US people. Black hand � This is the organization that planned and killed the Archduke of Austria-Hungry. Treaty of Versailles � This was the treaty the Allies made Germany sign, in it, they made Germany pay for all their, the Allies, losses in the war. Self-determination � This is what Wilson said would be the biggest factor in rebuilding Europe after the war Shleiffen Plan � This was the war plan for the Germans. They planed to first destroy France and then turn all their forces on Russia. U boat � These are the German boats that could be totally submerged and fire torpedoes at the ships. Lusitania � This was a Luxury Liner which was sunk by a U boat during WWI. This stirred up the US and soon made the US go to war against the Central Powers. Armistice � Wilhelm II ended the war in early November by signing an armistice, or agreement to end fighting. Mandate � These where lands taken from Germany and the Ottoman Empires after WWI. These mandates were then divided between the Allies. War reparations � The Allies blamed the Central Powers for the war and made them pay reparations, or payments for the Allied loses. Western front � The western front was against Germany and France in the beginning of WWI. They fought in trenches and took heavy losses. Eastern front � The eastern front was where the Russians and the Germans fought at the beginning of WWI. Some of the bloodiest battles were fought here. Verdun � This is a city where the Germans launched a surprise attack on. The Germans thought that it would be easily taken and the French casualties would be huge. The French defended the city successfully and the Germans retreated after 11 months of fighting. Battle of Marne � This was the last major German offensive on the western front, driving the Allies back. To answer back, the Allies launched a counter-attack driving the Germans back. After the battle the German generals knew that the war could not be won. |
| WW1 study guide |