| Chapter 32+33 study guide Ch.32 Acid Rain- Gases from power plants and factories produced Acid Rain. It was a form of pollution in which toxic chemicals come back to Earth in the form of rain, snow, or hail. Culture Shock- Some people went into culture shock when they have seen the effect of WWII. They become devastated about what has become of their country Interdependence- The dependence of countries goods, resources, and knowledge from other parts of the world. Political, economic and culture have created problems too. Liberation Theology-Some Roman Catholic clergy adopted a movement called liberation theology. The urged the church to take a more active role in opposing the social conditions that contributed to poverty. Multinational Corporation- Have enterprises with branches in many countries, have invested in the developing world. They bring new technology to industries. Nonaligned- To avoid superpower rivalry, many new nations choose to remain nonaligned. That means not aligned to the cold war. Privatization- Debtor nations had to agree to adopt free-market policies. Many turned from socialism to Privatization, selling off state-owned industries to private investors. Terrorism- since the 1960s, the world has seen a rise in Terrorism. Terrorism is the deliberate use of random violence, especially against civilians, to exact revenge or achieves political goals. Political Instability in Africa- Military dictators in Africa spent huge sums on weapons and warfare instead of on education, housing, or health care. Developing Countries- Many developing countries tried to slow population growth. In farming children were forced to labor. Effects of the Cold War- Economic and political struggles were at the root of ethnic clashes. It also ended some long standing conflicts. Spread of American culture around the globe- Since WWII, American fads, fashions, music, and entertainment have captured the world�s imagination. Factories and Environmental Damage- an American oil tanker spill in 1989 destroyed much marine life off the coast of Alaska. Explain how computers have shaped new global culture- Computerized robots operated in factories to speed thing up. Computers led to an information revolution. Ch.33 Datente- Datente is the lavation of tensions. Detente brought new agreements to reduce nuclear stockpiles. Deficit- Govern. Spending and tax cuts greatly increased the national deficit. That was the gap between what a govern. Spends and what it takes in through taxes and other sources. Dissident- Brezhnev rigorously suppressed dissidents. Those were people who spoke out against the government. Glasnost- At home, Gorbachev launched a two-pronged effort at reform. First, he called for glasnost, or openness. Welfare State- Under welfare state, a government keeps most features of a capitalist economy, but takes greater responsibility for the social and economic needs of its people. Leonid Brezhnev- In time, Leonid Brezhnev took over the Soviet Union. He held power until his death in 1982. Charles de Gaulle- In 1858, de Gaulle set up the fifth republic. Its constitution gave him, as a president, great power. Martin Luther King Jr. - Dr. King emerged as a leader of the civil rights movement. King organized boycotts and lead peaceful marches throughout the 1960s to end segregation. Joseph McCarthy- Between 1950 and 1954, Senator Joseph McCarthy charged many Americans with harboring communist sympathies. His campaign took place during a war. Margaret Thatcher- Margaret Thatcher was a British leader during the late 1990s. She opposed increased links with Europe. Perestroika- Gorbachev urged the restructuring of government and the economy, called Perestroika. He hoped it would boost efficiency and output. Service Industry- Is one that provides a service rather than a product. Service industries include healthcare, finance, sales, education, and recreation. Welfare State- A major goal of leftist parties was to extend welfare state. Under this a government keeps most features of a capitalist economy, but takes greater responsibility for the social and economic needs of its people. Mikhail Gorbachev- Loosened the Soviet grip on Eastern Europe. This caused communist governments to fall. Helmut Kohl- He was the architect of unity. He assured both the Soviet Union and the west that a united Germany would pose no threat for peace. Nikita Krushev- Emerged as the new Soviet leader. In 1956, he shocked top communist party members when he publicly denounced Salinas�s abuse of power. Josie Tito- A fierce guerrilla leader. He battled German occupying forces. He set up a communist government in Yugoslavia. Lech Walesa- Organized an independent trade union called Solidarity. It claimed 10 million members, who pressed for political change. Global economic competition- American industries faced stiff competition from Asian and other nations. The U.S. lost manufacturing jobs to the developing worlds. Civil War in Yugoslavia- The death of Josip Tito and the fall of communism tore Yugoslavia apart and started a civil war in Yugoslavia. American foreign policy during Cold War the U.S. joined the UN peacekeeping missions in the Middle East and elsewhere. America helped Europe rebuild after the war. NAFTA- A treaty that created a vast free-trade zone between two nations. NAFTA extended this zone into Mexico. Warsaw Pact- Communist nations of Eastern Europe that were dominated by the Soviet Union, formed the Warsaw Pact. NATO- Was originally formed to defend the west against communism; it had to redefine its role in a post-Cold War world. European Coal and Steel Community- European recovery from WWII was helped by economic cooperation. In 1952, 6 nations set up the European Coal and Steel Community. Glasnost- At home, Gorbachev launched a two-pronged effort at reform. First, he called for glasnost, or openness. 1973 Oil Crisis- In 1973, the west suffered an economic jolt when OPEC cut oil production and raised prices. The oil crisis slowed economic growth. Berlin Wall as a symbol of Cold War- The mass exodus led to the building of the Berlin Wall in 1961. Overnight, the migration ended. European Union in the 1990s, Eastern European nations looked to the west for aid and many hoped to join the European Union. Civil Rights Movement- The Civil Rights movement inspired other groups, such as Native Americans and Hispanics, to campaign for equality. The new civil rights banned discrimination. "Ethnic Cleansing" Bosnia- Serbs practiced "ethnic cleansing," forcibly removing other ethnic groups from areas they controlled. |