| a. Yuan Shikai was a man whom Sun Yixian hoped would restore order and create a strong central government. He had other ideas though, and he tried to set up a new ruling dynasty with himself as emperor. b. The Twenty-one demands were presented to Yuan Shikai by China. They sought to make China a Japanese protectorate. c. The May Fourth movement was a cultural and intellectual ferment in which students protested, �China�s territory may be conquered, but it cannot be given away.� d. Guomindang was Sun Yixian�s Nationalist party which established a government in South China. e. Jiang Jieshi took over the Guomindang after Sun�s death. He had received military training in Japan, and he was determined to reunite China. f. Mao Zedong believed the Communists should seek support not among the small urban working class, but among the large peasant masses. He was optimistic of the eventual success of Guomindang forces pursuing Communists. g. The Long March was an epic retreat. Mao and about 100,000 of his followers fled the Guomindang. They trekked 6,000 miles over the next year, facing daily attacks as they crossed the rugged mountains. h. The Japanese set up a puppet government in Nanjing. This former nationalist capital had killing and brutality accompanying enty into the city which became known as the �rape of Nanjing 2.Why did the new republic of China fall into chaos after 1912? Yuan Shikai set up his own government, in which he would basically control everything. His goals and government did not do much for the people, and they didn�t have much say in anything. 3. a.What Western ideas appealed to Chinese reformers? Marxism, the ideas of Marx and Lenin, appealed to some Chinese. b. How did these reformers plan to end the growth of foreign influence in china? The Russian Revolution seemed to offer a model of how a strong, well-organized party could transform a nation. 4. Describe the goals of each of the following: a. Sun Yixan set the goal of �catching up and surpassing the powers, east and west.� b. Jiang Jieshi�s goal was to take over the Guomindang and crush local warlords in Northern China and Beijing. c. Mao Zednog wanted Communists to seek support not among the small urban working classes, but among the large peasant masses |