Base Endings
This was always annoying for me to learn, but after you get it down it becomes easier and easier! There are more that I have not put on the site.
Base 1 Endings
Base 1 verb endings are sometimes called "negative bases" because they sometimes entail a negative connotation.
These are some common     endings:
-nai (desu), do not, will not Tabenai desu. Will not eat
-naide, without doing niko wa tabenaide. Please smile without eating. (i was pressed for an example ;)
-nai de kudassai, please don't niko wa tabenaide kudasai.
-nakatta (desu), did not sushi wa tabenakatta desu. I did not eat sushi.
-nakereba narimasen (my fave to say), must
-nakute (wa) ikemasen/dame desu, must; have to
-reru/rareru, be done; can do; can be done
Base 2 Endings
-hajimeru, begin doing
-kata, method of doing
-MASU
-masu, present/future tense
-mashita, past tense
-masen, negative present/future tense
-masen deshita, negative past tense
-mashou, Let's...
-mashou ka, Shall we...?
-nagara, while doing
-nasai, command
-owaru, finish doing
-sou (desu), look like (creates Quasi Adjective)
-tai (desu), want to
Base 3 Endings
"Dictionary form" is also known as the informal form
-made, until (I) do
-made ni, by the time (I) do
-mae ni, before doing
-tame (ni) in order to
-tokoro (desu), about to
Base 4 Endings
This form is considered the conditional form. Few endings require this form. When used without an ending it is an abrupt command.
-ru, able to
-ba yokatta (desu) it would be better if (I) had done.
Base 5 Endings
-ka, Shall we...?
-to omou, I think...
-to suru, about to
Base 6 (TE-form)     Endings
-ageru, do for someone
-aru, has been done
-iru, be doing
-itadaku/morau, have     someone do
-kudasai, please
-kuru, do and come back
-miru, try doing
-mo ii (desu) *OTERAI NI ITTEMO II DESU KA?(Is it alright if I use the bathroom? I had to memorize this during 2nd year studies in order to go to the bathroom), it's okay to
-shimau, do completely
-wa ikemasen/ wa dame desu, it's not okay to...
Base 7 (TA-form) Endings
This is also called the "Plain Past" form. It is used in casual speech to indicate past tense.
-koto ga aru, have done
-ra, did
-tame (ni), because (I) did
-tokoro (desu), just did
notes
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