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	<title>Withania somnifera {Solanaceae}, (or,ALMOST A PANACEA)</title>
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<title>Withania somnifera {Solanaceae}, (or,ALMOST A PANACEA)</title>

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Withania somnifera</A>Atropa belladonna
 Brugmansia aurea
 Brugmansia suaveolens
 Brugmansia versicolor
 Brunfelsia pauciflora var. calycina
 Brunfelsia unidentifed
 Capsicum chinense
 Capsicum gemnifolium
 Capsicum pubescens
 Cestrum alternifolium
 Cestrum nocturnum
 Cyphomandra betacea
 Iochroma unidentified
 Lycianthes unidentified
 Lycium carolinianum
 Nicotiana glauca
 Solandra longiflora
 Solandra maxima
 Solanum asarifolium
 Solanum auriculatum
 Solanum jasminoides
 Solanum quitoense
 Solanum seaforthianum
 Solanum wendlandii
 Streptosolen jamesonii
 Withania somnifera Contact:=Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
 Conservatory & Gardens
 75 North Eagleville Rd.,
 Unit 3043
 Storrs, CT 06269-3043

Office: (860) 486-0809
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</A>MORE LINKS-b-and-t-world-seeds.com/sublists</FONTS>shwagandha
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Ashwangandha or withanias</a>
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Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

General information:

Query NCU-3e
                              Common Name: 
                              Family: Solanaceae Juss.

Country of Origin: Australia, E. Asia, Africa. 
                              Habitat: Open places, disturbed areas etc. shruA                         stony places.OTHER LIST LOCATIONS,
Distributional range:

Native:

Africa: Algeria; Angola; Botswana; Cape Verde; Chad; Egypt; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Kenya;
    Lesotho; Liberia; Libya; Malawi; Mali; Mauritius; Morocco; Namibia; Nigeria; Somalia;
    South Africa - Cape Province, Natal, Orange Free State, Transvaal; Spain - Canary Islands;
    Sudan; Tanzania; Tunisia; Uganda; Zimbabwe 
    Asia-Temperate: Afghanistan; Arabia; Iran [s.]; Iraq; Israel; Jordan; Lebanon; Syria; Turkey
    Asia-Tropical: India; Pakistan; Sri Lanka 
    Europe: Greece [incl. Crete]; Italy - Sardinia, Sicily; Spain [incl. Baleares]

Description: Additional Common Names: Ajagandha,
                              Kanaje Hindi, Samm Al Ferakh

USES COMMON TO VARIOUS SOCIETIES,
Abortifacient; Adaptogen; Antibiotic; Aphrodisiac; Astringent; Deobstruent; Diuretic;
Narcotic; Sedative; Tonic.

Ashwagandha is one of the most widespread tranquilisers used in India, where it holds a
position of importance similar to ginseng in China[238]. It acts mainly on the reproductive and
nervous systems, having a rejunative effect on the body, and is used to improve vitality and aid
recovery after chronic illness[238, 254]. The plant is little known in the West[192].

The whole plant, but especially the leaves and the root bark, are abortifacient, adaptogen,
antibiotic, aphrodisiac, deobstruent, diuretic, narcotic, strongly sedative and tonic[169, 192,
238, 240]. Internally, it is used to tone the uterus after a miscarriage and also in treating
post-partum difficulties[192]. It is also used to treat nervous exhaustion, debility, insomnia,
wasting diseases, failure to thrive in children, impotence, infertility, multiple sclerosis etc[238].
Externally it has been applied as a poultice to boils, swellings and other painful parts[192, 240].
The root is harvested in the autumn and dried for later use[238]. Some caution is advised in the
use of this plant since it is toxic[K].

The fruit is diuretic[240].

The seed is diuretic and hypnotic[240].

Other Uses

Repellent; Soap.

The fruit is rich in saponins and can be used as a soap substitute[169, 192].

The leaves are an insect repellent[169].

Plants For A Future: Database SEARCH Results</A>MORE FINE DATA AND LINKS</FONTS>

MORE MEDICINAL INFO
Edible Uses

Curdling agent.

The seeds are used to curdle plant milks in order to make vegetarian cheeses[183, 240].

Medicinal Uses

Disclaimer

Abortifacient; Adaptogen; Antibiotic; Aphrodisiac; Astringent; Deobstruent; Diuretic;
Narcotic; Sedative; Tonic.

The fruit is diuretic[240].

The seed is diuretic and hypnotic[240]. 
sTIL MORE HEALTH DATA ONWithania somnifera
 (Ashwagandha)

Therapeutic Actions:

Anemia with emaciation 
    Anti-inflammatory 
    Antitumor activity, in animal studies 
    Ayurvedic superior rejuvenative herb for the muscles, bone marrow and semen 
    Catalyzes the anabolic processes of the body 
    Free-radical scavenging activity 
    Hypotensive 
    Immunomodulating 
    Increases phagocytosis and intracellular killing of peritoneal macrophages 
    Inhibits aging 
    Nervous exhaustion 
    Nurtures and clarifies the mind promoting dreamless sleep 
    Promotes the healing of tissue 
    Regenerates the hormonal system 
    Sedative 
    Stimulates the immune system 
    Stress-induced health conditions

Clinical Indications:

Aging prevention 
    Alzheimer's 
    Chronic fatigue syndrome 
    Hypertension 
    Impotence due to aging or stress 
    Insomnia 
    Memory loss 
    Multiple sclerosis 
    Anemia 
    Aspergillus infection 
    Chronic inflammation 
    Cognitive function deficits 
    Depressed white blood cell count due to cytotoxic drugs 
    Glandular swelling 
    Infertility 
    Problems of old age

Contraindications:

Pregnancy

Drug/Nutrient Interaction:

No interactions have been reported

Chemical Constituents:

Ashwagandholine, an alkaloid 
    Withaferin A, has significant antitumor and radiosensitizing effects in experimental tumors
    of animals in vivo, without any noticeable systemic toxicity 
    Withanolides, steroidal compounds whose action and appearance resemble the active
    constituents of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) known as ginsenosides

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Education

Amalaki, Ashvagandha, Bala, Bhringaraja, Chandana, Gokshura, Haritaki, Mandukaparni, Vacha, Vibhitaka

Ashvagandha, 'smelling like a horse'

Botanical Name: Withania somnifera, Solanaceae

Common Name: Asgandh (H), Amukkira (T), Winter Cherry (E)

Part Used: root, leaves, fruit

Dravyguna: root.

�Rasa: tikta, kashaya

�Vipaka: katu

�Virya: ushna

�Karma: Vatapittahara, Kaphakopa, balyam, vajikarana, tonic, adaptogen, relaxing nervine, post-partum tonic, immunomodulant, astringent, galactagogue, diuretic, thermogenic (Dash 1991, 59; Dash and Junius 1983, 155; Frawley and Lad 1986, 160; Varier 1996, 409)

Indications:

�Root: asthma, bronchitis, edema, leucoderma, anorexia, consumption, asthenia, anemia, exhaustion, aging, insomnia, ADD/ADHD, neurasthenia, infertility, impotence, repeated miscarriage, paralysis, memory loss, multiple sclerosis, immune-dysfunction, carcinoma, rheumatism, arthritis, lumbago (Dash 1991 59; Dash and Junius 1987, 155; Kirtikar and Basu 1993, 1775-76; Frawley and Lad 1986, 160; Nadkarni 1976, 1293-94; Varier 1996, 409)

�Leaves: used internally for fever and hemorrhoids; externally for wounds, hemorrhoids, tumors, tuberculous glands, anthrax pustules, syphylitic sores, erysipelas, and in ophthalmitis (Kirtikar and Basu 1993 1775-76; Varier 1996, 409)

�Fruit: used externally in ringworm (Kirtikar and Basu 1993 1775-76)

Contraindications: Caution should be used with clients on anticonvulsants, barbituates and benzodiazepines. Ashvagandha is traditionally avoided in lymphatic congestion, during colds and flu, or symptoms of ama (Frawley and Lad 1986, 160).

Toxicity: None reported (Aphale et al 1998).

Dosage: root

�Churna: 3 5 g b.i.d. - t.i.d.

�Kashaya: 100 mL t.i.d.

�Tincture: fresh root, 95%, 1:2; dried root, 50%, 1:4; 1 10 mL t.i.d.

Medical research:

�Adaptogen: The traditional use of Ashvagandha as a rasayana has been validated by scientific investigation. Wistar rats treated with an extract of Withania somnifera showed better stress tolerance in cold water swimming tests (Archana and Namasivayam 1999).

�Antiinflammatory: A methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Withania somnifera had antiinflammatory activities comparable to that of hydrocortisone sodium succinate (al-Hindawi et al 1992). An 80% ethanolic extract of Withania somnifera displayed significant antiinflammatory activity on carrageenan-induced paw edema (al-Hindawi 1989).

�Antioxidant: An aqueous suspension of root extract of Ashvagandha prevented the rise of experimentally induced lipid peroxidation in rabbits and mice (Dhuley 1998a). An extract of Withania somnifera, consisting of equimolar concentrations of sitoindosides VII-X and withaferin A, induced an increase in the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in rat brain, consistent with other research that reports an antioxidant, immunomodulant and antiinflammatory activity (Bhattacharya et al 1997).

�Cancer: The administration of Ashvagandha rasayana (an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation containing Ashvagandha) significantly reduced the lung tumor nodule formation by 55.6% in experimental animals (Menon et al. 1997). An alcoholic extract of the dried roots as well as withaferin A isolated from the extract showed significant antitumor and radiosensitizing effects in experimental tumors in Chinese hamster cells, without any noticeable systemic toxicity (Devi 1996). The steroidal lactone withaferin A displayed significant antitumor and radiosensitizing effects, inhibiting tumor growth and increasing survival in Swiss mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (Devi et al 1995; Sharad et al 1996). The administration of an extract of Withania somnifera was found to significantly reduce leucopenia induced by cyclophosphamide treated experimental animals, indicating its usefulness in cancer therapy (Davis and Kuttan 1998). The administration of methanolic extract of Ashvagandha was found to significantly increase the WBC count in normal Balb/c mice and reduce leucopenia induced by a sublethal dose of gamma radiation. Withania increased bone marrow cellularity and normalised the ratio of normochromatic erythrocytes and polychromatic erythrocytes. This observed activity was thought to be due to stem cell proliferation (Kuttan 1996).

�Central Nervous system: Isolated constituents of Withania somnifera (sitoindosides VII-X and withaferin-A) increased cortical muscarinic acetylcholine receptor capacity, partly explaining the cognition-enhancing and memory-improving effects traditionally attributed to Ashvagandha (Schliebs et al 1997). A methanolic extract of Withania somnifera inhibited the specific binding of [3H]GABA and [35S]TBPS, and enhanced the binding of [3H]flunitrazepam to their putative receptor sites, suggesting a GABA-mimetic activity (Mehta et al 1991). A commercial root extract of Withania somnifera used repeatedly over 9 days attenuated the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine and suppressed morphine-withdrawal jumps (Kulkarni and Ninan 1997).

�Immunity: Myelosuppressed mice treated with an extract of Ashvagandha displayed a significant increase in hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, platelet count and body weight as compared to controls, as well as increased hemolytic antibody responses towards human erythrocytes (Ziauddin et al 1996). Researchers at the Amala Cancer Research Centre in Kerala, India, found that the administration of an extract from the powdered root of Withania somnifera enhanced the levels of interferon gamma, interleukin-2 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor in normal and cyclophosphamide-treated mice, suggesting an immunopotentiating and myeloprotective effect (Davis and Kuttan 1999). Mice infected intravenously with Aspergillus fumigatus and treated for 7 consecutive days with an oral preparation of an extract of Withania somnifera at a dose of 100mg/kg displayed increased phagocytic activity and prolonged survival time (Dhuley 1998). The antifungal activity of Withania has been confirmed elsewhere, attributed to the withanolides (Choudhary et al 1995).

�Musculo-skeletal: A herbomineral formulation containing roots of Withania somnifera, the stem of Boswellia serrata, rhizomes of Curcuma longa and a zinc complex (Articulin-F), was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, cross-over study in clients with osteoarthritis. The results produced a significant drop in severity of pain and disability, although radiological assessment did not show any significant changes. Sideeffects were minimal and did not necessitate the withdrawal of treatment. (Kulkarni et al 1991)

Comments: Ashvagandha is the Indian equivalent to Ginseng (Panax ginseng)., but unlike Ginseng, Ashvagandha has a sedative rather than stimulant action on the central nervous system, making it a superior medicine for exhaustion with nervous irritability. A rejuvenating preparation can be made by mixing Ashvagandha with 10-15% Pippali, taken with one half part ghrita and 1 part honey on an empty stomach, morning and evening. Ashvagandha is a useful nervine, taken before bed to relax and nourish the body in deficiency diseases, but is only seen to be efficacious when taken on a sustained basis- it is not a sufficient sedative to treat acute insomnia. For poor memory, lack of concentration and in the treatment of ADD/ADHD Ashvagandha may be used in equal proportions with Brahmi and Ling zhi (Ganoderma lucidum). Ashvagandha is widely used in any debility, emaciation or consumptive condition, in both adults and children (Kirtikar and Basu 1993, 1775; Nadkarni 1976, 1294).

As its name �smelling like a horse� suggests, Ashvagandha is an important vajikarana rasayana, indicating the sexual potency of a stallion, and is used in the treatment of infertility, impotence and �seminal depletion� (Nadkarni 1976, 1293). When mixed with equal parts Shatavari (Asparagus racemosa), it is an appropriate treatment for female infertility and frigidity and is useful in threatened miscarriage.

For poor eyesight Ashvagandha powder is mixed with equal proportions of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra root) powder and the fresh juice of Amalaki (Emblica officinalis fruit) (Nadkarni, 1294). An infusion of the leaves may be used in in the treatment of ophthalmia (Kirtikar and Basu 1993, 1776).

In the form of Narayana taila, Ashvagandha may be taken internally, 3 10 gtt. b.i.d. for consumption and emaciation in children, and as an enema for anal fistula (Nadkarni 1976, 1294). Narayana taila may also be taken as nasya (2-3 gtt.) in cases of hearing loss and in abhyanga in cases of paralysis, tetanus, rheumatism and lumbago (Nadkarni 1976, 1294).

Nadkarni mentions that Ashvagandha is used in the treatment of antiinflammatory joint disease (1976, 1293), but as Lad and Frawley suggest, Ashvagandha can facilitate the production of ama (1986, 160), and thus an eliminative regimen is best utilized prior to using this botanical. Likewise, Ashvagandha is an appropriate remedy in the treatment of asthma and bronchitis (Kirtikar and Basu 1993, 1775-6), but should be used concurrently with dravyas that have a dipana-pacana property to avoid the production of ama.

Varrier mentions that a paste made of the roots and bruised leaves may be applied to carbuncles, ulcers and painful swellings (1996, 409).

References:

al-Hindawi, M.K., I.H. Al-Deen, M.H. Nabi, and M.H. Ismail. 1989. Anti-inflammatory activity of some Iraqi plants using intact rats. J Ethnopharmacol. Sep; 26(2):163-8

Aphale A.A., A.D. Chhibba, N.R. Kumbhakarna, M. Mateenuddin and S.H. Dahat. 1998. Subacute toxicity study of the combination of ginseng (Panax ginseng) and ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in rats: a safety assessment. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol Apr; 42(2):299-302

Archana, R. and A. Namasivayam. 1999. Antistressor effect of Withania somnifera. J Ethnopharmacol. Jan; 64(1):91-3

Bhattacharya, S.K., K.S. Satyan and S. Ghosal. 1997. Antioxidant activity of glycowithanolides from Withania somnifera. Indian J Exp Biol. Mar; 35(3):236-9

Choudhary, M.I., Dur-e-Shahwar, Z. Parveen, A. Jabbar , I. Ali, Atta-ur-Rahman. 1995. Antifungal steroidal lactones from Withania coagulance. Phytochemistry Nov; 40(4):1243-6

Dash, Bhagwan. 1991. Materia Medica of Ayurveda. New Delhi: B. Jain Publishers.

----------- and Manfred Junius. 1983. AA Handbook of Ayurveda. New Delhi: Concept Publishing.

Davis, L. and G. Kuttan. 1999. Effect of Withania somnifera on cytokine production in normal and cyclophosphamide treated mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol Nov; 21(4):695-703

Davis L. and G. Kuttan. 1998. Suppressive effect of cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity by Withania somnifera extract in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. Oct; 62(3):209-14

Devi, P.U. 1996. Withania somnifera Dunal (Ashwagandha): potential plant source of a promising drug for cancer chemotherapy and radiosensitization. Indian J Exp Biol. Oct; 34(10):927-32

Devi, P.U., A.C. Sharada, and F.E. Solomon. 1995. In vivo growth inhibitory and radiosensitizing effects of withaferin A on mouse Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Cancer Lett. Aug 16; 95(1-2):189-93

Dhuley, J.N. 1998a. Effect of Ashwagandha on lipid peroxidation in stress-induced animals. J Ethnopharmacol. Mar; 60(2):173-8

Dhuley, J.N. 1998b. Therapeutic efficacy of Ashwagandha against experimental aspergillosis in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. Feb; 20(1):191-8

Frawley, David and Vasant Lad. 1986. The Yoga Of Herbs: An Ayurvedic Guide to Herbal Medicine. Santa Fe: Lotus Press.

Kirtikar KR and BD Basu. 1993. Indian Medicinal Plants. 2nd ed. Vol. 1-4. 1935. Reprint. Delhi: Periodical Experts.

Kulkarni, S.K. and I. Ninan. 1997. Inhibition of morphine tolerance and dependence by Withania somnifera in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. Aug; 57(3):213-7

Kulkarni, R.R., P.S. Patki, V.P. Jog, S.G. Gandage and B. Patwardhan. 1991. Treatment of osteoarthritis with a herbomineral formulation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. J Ethnopharmacol. May-Jun; 33(1-2):91-5

Kuttan, G. 1996. Use of Withania somnifera Dunal as an adjuvant during radiation therapy. Indian J Exp Biol. Sep; 34(9):854-6

Mehta, A.K., P. Binkley, S.S. Gandhi, and M.K. Ticku. 1991. Pharmacological effects of Withania somnifera root extract on GABAA receptor complex. Indian J Med Res. Aug; 94:312-5

Menon L.G., R. Kuttan, and G. Kuttan. 1997. Effect of rasayanas in the inhibition of lung metastasis induced by B16F-10 melanoma cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. Dec; 16(4):365-8

Nadkarni, Dr. K.M. 1976. The Indian Materia Medica, with Ayurvedic, Unani and Home Remedies. Revised and enlarged by A.K. Nadkarni. 1954. Reprint. Bombay: Bombay Popular Prakashan PVP.

Schliebs, R., A. Liebmann , S.K. Bhattacharya, A. Kumar, S. Ghosal, and V. Bigl. 1997. Systemic administration of defined extracts from Withania somnifera (Indian Ginseng) and Shilajit differentially affects cholinergic but not glutamatergic and GABAergic markers in rat brain. Neurochem Int. Feb; 30(2):181-90

Sharad, A.C., F.E. Solomon, P.U. Devi, N. Udupa, and K.K. Srinivasan. 1996. Antitumor and radiosensitizing effects of withaferin A on mouse Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in vivo. Acta Oncol. 35(1):95-100

Varrier, P.S. 1996. Indian Medicinal Plants: A Compendium of 500 species. Edited by PK Warrier, VPK Nambiar and C Ramankutty. vol 5. Hyderabad: Orient Longman.

Ziauddin, M., N. Phansalkar, P. Patki , S. Diwanay, B. Patwardhan. 1996. Studies on the immunomodulatory effects of Ashwagandha. J Ethnopharmacol. Feb; 50(2):69-76

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<blink><h4>HERE IS A LITTLE MORE HERB DATA TO GUIDE INSIGHT AND RESEARCH AND PRACTICE</h4></blink>
Herb Information
 Name: Dianthus
 Biological Name: Herba dianthi

Caryophyllaceae
             Other Names: Dianthus, Chinese pink flower, Qu mai
             Parts Used: Whole plant
             Remedies For:

Diuretic, antibacterial, antiparasitic, stimulates
             peristalsis, lowers blood pressure

Drains dampness, clears heat, promotes urination. It is
             indicated for genitourinary tract
             infections associated with damp heat, with painful and
             difficult urination, and possibly
             with blood. It can be used for damp heat associated with
             constipation or cessation of
             menses due to blood stagnation.
             Dosage: 6-12 grams

Combinations: For urinary tract infections, combine 9 grams
             each of dianthus, plantain
             seeds, polyporus, and poria, 6 grams of cinnamon twigs, and
             20 grams of talcum.

For amenorrhea, combine 9 grams each of dianthus, peach
             seed, safflower, and
             leonurus.
             Safety:

Dianthus should not be used by pregnant women or by those
             with deficiency of kidney
             or spleen qi
: Gravel Root
             Biological Name: Eupatorium purpureum

Compositae
             Other Names: Gravel Root, Gravelweed, Joe-Pye Weed, Queen of
             the Meadow, purple
             boneset, trumpet weed, kidney root
             Parts Used: Rhizome and root
             Active Compounds:

Volatile oil, of unknown composition

Flavonoids, including euparin

Resin

Remedies For:

Diuretic, anti-lithic, anti-rheumatic, stimulant, tonic,
             astringent, relaxant.

Gravel Root is used primarily for kidney stones or gravel.
             In urinary infections such as
             cystitis and urethritis it may be used with benefit, whilst
             it can also play a useful role in a
             systemic treatment of rheumatism and gout.

Combinations : For kidney stones or gravel it combines well
             with Stone Root, Parsley
             Piert, Pellitory of the Wall or Hydrangea.
             Description: Found in the USA.
             Dosage:

Decoction: Put 1 teaspoonful of the herb in a cup of water,
             bring to the boil and simmer
             for 10 minutes. This should be drunk three times a day.

Tincture: Take 1-2 ml of the tincture three times a day.
             Safety:

No information available. Some herbs are known to react with
             your medication. Please
             consult your physician before starting on any herb.

: Guaiacum
             Biological Name: Guaiacum officinale

Zygophyllaceae
             Other Names: Guaiacum, Guaiac, Lignum vitae, pockwood
             Parts Used: The heart-wood
             Active Compounds:

Lignans; furoguaiacidin, guaiacin, furoguaiacin,
                 furoguaiaoxidin.

Resin acids; guaiaretic, hydroguaiaretic, guaiacic and
                 a- and b- guaiaconic
                 acids

Miscellaneous; vanillin, terpenoids including
                 guaiagutin, guaiasaponin.

Remedies For:

Anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, laxative, diaphoretic,
             diuretic.

Guaiacum is useful for rheumatic complaints. It is
             especially useful where there is much
             inflammation and pain present. Used in chronic rheumatism
             and rheumatoid arthritis.
             Aids in the treatment of gout and may be used in the
             prevention of its recurrence. Due
             to the high content of resins in this herb, care must be
             taken with patients with gastritis
             or peptic ulceration.

Combinations : It may be used together with Bogbean,
             Meadowsweet or Celery Seed.
             Description:

Guaiac is the resin from a tree that grows in West Indies,
             Mexico, Central America, and
             northern south America. The crooked trunk grows 30 to 40
             feet high and provides
             lignum vitae, the olive brown, heavy, very hard wood which
             contains the oily resin.
             Dosage:

Decoction: put 1 teaspoonful of the wood chips in a cup of
             water, bring to boil and
             simmer for 15-20 minutes. This should be drunk three times a
             day.

Tincture: 1-2ml three times a day.
             Safety:

Due to the high content of resins in this herb, care must be
             taken with patients with
             gastritis or peptic ulceration.

No other information available. Some herbs are known to
             react with your medication.
             Please consult your physician before starting on any herb.

Herb Information
             Name: Astragalus
             Biological Name: Astragalus membranaceus

Family: Leguminosae
             Other Names: Huang qi, Astragalus
             Parts Used: Roots
             Active Compounds:

Astragalus contains numerous components, including
             flavonoids, polysaccharides,
             triterpene glycosides (e.g., astragalosides I-VII), amino
             acids, and trace minerals.
             Astragalus appears to restore T-cell (a specific type of
             white blood cell ) counts to
             relatively normal ranges in some cancer patients.
             History:

Shen Nong, the founder of Chinese herbal medicine,
             classified astragalus as a
             superior herb in his classical treatise Shen Nong Pen Tsao
             Ching (circa A.D. 100).
             The Chinese name huang qi translates as "yellow leader,"
             referring to the yellow color
             of the root and its status as one of the most important
             tonic herbs. Traditional Chinese
             medicine utilized this herb for night sweats, deficiency of
             chi (e.g., fatigue, weakness,
             and loss of appetite), and diarrhea.
             Remedies For:

Immune tonic, diuretic, lowers blood pressure, Qi tonic

Astragalus is useful for the treatment of:

Alzheimer's disease
                 Chemotherapy support 
                 Common cold/sore throat 
                 Immune function

Astragalus is the primary herb used in Chinese medicine to
             tone the immune system
             of the lungs. It is useful for conditions of immune
             deficiency that lead to spontaneous
             sweating. It is also used for spleen qi deficiency with
             symptoms of weak, low
             metabolism; edema; and prolapse of internal organs, as it
             raises the spleen yang and
             qi. It can be used for qi and blood deficiency caused by
             loss of blood or after childbirth.
             Description:

Astragalus is native to northern China and the elevated
             regions of the Chinese
             provinces Yunnan and Sichuan. The portion of the plant used
             medicinally is the four- to
             seven-year-old dried root collected in the spring.

While there are over 2,000 types of astragalus world-wide,
             the Chinese version has
             been extensively tested, both chemically and
             pharmacologically'
             Dosage:

Textbooks on Chinese herbs recommend taking 9-15 grams of
             the crude herb per day
             in decoction form made by boiling the root in water for a
             few minutes and then brewing
             the tea. Supplements typically contain 500 mg of astragalus.
             Two to three tablets or
             capsules or 3-5 ml of tincture three times per day are often
             recommended.
             Safety:

Astragalus should not be used for cases of excess or when
             there is deficiency of yin
             with heat signs, and it should not be used when there is
             stagnation of qi or dampness,
             especially when there is painful obstruction.

Herb Information
             Name: Belladonna
             Biological Name: Atropa belladonna
             Other Names: Black cherry, deadly nightshade, dwale, poison
             black cherry, belladonna
             Parts Used: Leaves, tops, berries
             Remedies For:

Antispasmodic, calmative, diaphoretic, diuretic, narcotic.

The narcotic action of belladonna can produce paralysis by
             affecting the central
             nervous system. Not to be used without medical direction.
             Description:

Belladonna is a perennial plant found occasionally in waste
             places in the eastern
             states of the U.S., more commonly in European pastures,
             mountain forests, ruins, and
             waste places. A thick, creeping, whitish, fleshy rootstock
             sends up an erect, leafy stem
             that usually splits into three branches and attains a height
             of up to 5 feet. The dull
             green, ovate leaves grow in pairs, one leaf being half as
             large as the other. Belladonna
             flowers are solitary, bell-shaped, and dull brown to dark
             purple in color. The fruit is a
             sweet-tasting, black, shiny berry about the size of a
             cherry.
             Safety:

The narcotic action of belladonna can produce paralysis by
             affecting the central
             nervous system. Not to be used without medical direction.

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