1860: Japan sends a diplomatic mission to US
1868: Eugene Van Reed illegally ships 149 Japanese laborors to Hawaii
1869: JH Schnell takes several dozen Japanese to CA to establish Wakamatsu Tea & Silk Colony
1870: CA passes law against importation of Japanese women for prostitution
1877: 1st immigrant association formed by the Japanese via the Gospel Society in SF
1881: Hawaiian King Kalakaua visits Japan
1885: 1st Japanese contract laborors arrive in Hawaii under the Irwin Convention
1889: 1st Japanese Nishi Hongwanji priest arrives in Hawaii
1893: Japanese Shoemaker's League is the first Japanese trade association (SF)
1894: US circuit court in Inre Saito that the Japanese are ineligible for naturalization
1896: Japanese-Californian Shinsei Kaneko is naturalized
1897: Nishi Hongwanji include Hawaii as mission field
1989: SF Japanese set-up Young Men's Buddhist Association
1899: 1st Nishi Hongwanji arrive in CA
1900: Japanese-Hawaiian farmers arrive in mainland after the Organic Act ends
1903: 1,500 Japanese and Mexican sugar beat workers strike in Oxnard, CA
1904: Japanese-Hawaiian plantation workers strike
1905: SF school board attempts to segregate Japanese school children
1906: Japanese scientists studying SF eartquake aftermath are stoned
1907: President Teddy Roosevelt and Japan agree to disallow Japanese emigration into the US
1908: Japanese Association of America Established
1909: 7,000 Japanese plantation worker strike in HI
1912: CA Japanese hold statewide conference on Nisei education
1920: 10,000 Japanese & Filipino plantation worker strike in HI; picture brides ineligible for passports
1921: Japanese farmers driven out of Turlock, CA
1922: Takao Ozawa vs. US declares Japanese not eligible for naturalization; NM passes alien land law; American women marrying such alien loses citizenship
1923: O'Brien rules sharecropping illegal because allows Japanese to own land; Webb forbids stock ownership
1924: Immigration Act denies virtually all Asians admittence to US
1941: 2,000 JAs rounded in Dept. of Justice Camps
1942: FDR signs EO 9066 & 115,000 JAs interned; Congress passes Law 503 imposing penal sanctions against disobeyers
1944: Tule Lake under martial law; draft reinstated for Nisei; draft resisted at Heart Mountain; 442nd gains fame; EO revoked
1952: McCarren-Walter Act grants naturalization to small quota of Japanese
1956: CA repeals alien land laws
1962: Dan Inouye becomes US Senator; Spark Matsunaga becomes HI congressmen
1964: Patsy Takemoto Mink becomes first AA woman in Congress (HI)
1965: Immigration Law abolishes "national origins" as basis for allocating immigration quotas making Asian countries equal
1967: JAs finally legally allowed to marry whites
1976: President Gerald Ford rescinds EO 9066
1978: JACL adopts resolution for redress & reparations for internment
1981: Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians (Congress) regards internment as a "grave injustice" resulting from "race prejudice, war hysteria and a failure of political leadership"
1982: Vincent Chin mistaken as JA and beaten to death by disgruntled displaced Detroit car-workers
1983: Fred Korematsu, Min Yasui, & Gordon Hirabayashi file petitions to overturn their WWII convictions for violating curfew and evacuation orders
1987: US House of Rep votes 243:141 to make official apology to JAs and pay $20,000
1988: US Senate votes 69% to 27% to support redress
1989: President Reagan signs into law to pay each surviving JA internee $20,000
2001: JACL first to publicly renounce with lawsuits racial profiling of Arab-Americans
chapter history