1. Numbers! Numbers! Numbers! Sines, cosines,
hypotenuses, fluxions, curves small enough to
count as straight lines, distances between two
points that are in the same place! Are these philosophy?
Can they make a man great?

 Unfamiliar to everyone, and some thought it was a serious argument,
rather than something from a work of fiction. It is not by Macauley,
Berkeley, Dodgson or De Morgan, but in fact from a play by George
Bernard Shaw called "In Good King Charles's Golden Days" and is put
into the mouth of Isaac Newton. One person got it after the hint
appeared.

 2. 'There's the way he went down,' the officer continued.
'The man's gone.'  
   Amidst mumblings and curses the gang descended the pair 
of ladders and came into the open air; but Captain Bob was 
nowhere to be seen.

This remained undefeated. It might have been by W.W. Jacobs, Arthur
Ransome, Thackeray, Ballard, Richmal Crompton, the 1955 Rupert Bear
Annual, Dickens or C.S. Forester (a popular guess when the hint
appeared). However it's actually by Thomas Hardy, from "The Trumpet
Major".

 3. Finally she made some grunts, and said:  'Globol obol ookle 
ogle globol gloogle gloo,' and ended by pursing up her lips and 
making a vulgar noise such as children make in their nurseries. 
Then she went back to her place and sat down. 
   'Thank you very much,' said John politely.

Identified by three people. It is from C.S. Lewis's "The Pilgrim's
Regress" -- rather than, say, by Waugh, Milne, Wodehouse, Richmal
Crompton, Saki, Chesterbelloc, ...

4. Hope not for mind in women; at their best
   Sweetness and wit, they're but Mummy, possessed.

As three people told me, it is by John Donne, from "Love's
Alchemy". It is quoted by A.S. Byatt and C.S. Lewis, though they did
not originate it. Nor did Kipling, Gorey, Pope, Young, Byron or
Jonson.

 5. "I suppose you will be getting away pretty soon, now
Full term is over, Professor," said a person not in the
story to the Professor of Ontography, soon after they
had sat down next to each other at a feast in the hospitable 
hall of St. James's College.

This one was attributed to Lodge, Douglas Adams, Snow, Masterman,
J.I.M. Stewart, Stella Gibbons, Kingsley Amis, Glyn Daniel and Dorothy
L. Sayers.  However it is actually from one of M.R. James's ghost
stories, as three people told me.

 6. ... he was sent, as usual, to a public school, where a 
little learning was painfully beaten into him, and from
thence to the university, where it was carefully taken out of him:
and he was sent home like a  well-threshed ear of corn,
with nothing in his head: having finished his education
to the high satisfaction of the master and fellows of
his college, who had, in testimony of their
approbation,  presented him with a silver fish-slice, on which
his name figured at the head of a laudatory inscription
in some semi-barbarous dialect of Anglo-Saxonised Latin.

One person got this (it is from "Nightmare Abbey" by Peacock).  Other
theories gave it to Butler, Dickens, Wells, Kingsley or Thackeray.

 7. As recently as a week ago, in the Director's office, he had 
imagined himself courageously resisting, stoically accepting 
suffering without a word. The Director's threats had actually
elated him, made him feel larger than life.

This one was credited to C.S. Lewis, Orwell, Frayn, Tom Sharpe, Kafka,
Angus Wilson and Chesterton. However Aldous Huxley is the correct
answer, as in "Brave New World". Three people got it.

 8. 'I don't think we see God as so much of a smiter nowadays,'
Kev the Rev. explained. 'We see Him more as the depth of our being.'

This is by John Mortimer, "Titmuss Regained", as only one person said.
It was also blamed on David Lodge, Sue Townsend, Peterborough from the
Daily Telegraph and Adrian Plass.

 9. Many words have no legal meaning. Others have a legal
meaning very unlike their ordinary meaning. For example,
the word 'daffy-down-dilly.' It is a criminal libel to call
a lawyer a daffy-down-dilly. Ha! Yes, I advise you never
to do such a thing. No, I certainly advise you _never_
to do it.

Not by Dave Barry, Chesterton, Stevenson, A.P. Herbert, Belloc, Waugh
or Margery Allingham. In fact it is by Dorothy Sayers ("Unnatural
death") as one knew and another guessed.

10. Timothy Bobbin has ten little toes.
    He takes them out walking wherever he goes.
    And if Timothy gets a cold in the head,
    His ten little toes stay with him in bed.

This is from a short story by P.G Wodehouse (see "The Clicking of
Cuthbert") as two people told me. I was also told that it was by
Beachcomber, Richmal Crompton and Belloc.