| The first 'aett' consists of: 1- FEHU or FEOH - Cattle, worldly possessions Phonetic value "f" as in Follow 2- URUZ or UR - wild ox, strength Phonetic value "oo" as in Smooth 3 -THURISAZ or THORN - Thor, Divine protection, resistance, sudden change Phonetic value "th" as in Thorn 4 - ANSUZ, AS, (AE)SC, ASA, or OS - Signals, interaction with the divine. Phonetic value "aa" as in glad 5 - RAIDO, RAED or RAD - Wheel, Movement, journeys, motion Phonetic value "r" as in radical 6 - KENO or KEN - A torch, Light, knowledge, teaching or learning Phonetic value "k" as in kitchen 7 - GEBO or GYFU - Definition - Gift, connections between people, relationships, balance Phonetic value "g" as in gift 8 - WUNJO or WYN - Windvane, Joy, harmony Phonetic value "w" as in Wonder The second 'aett' consists of: 9 - HAGALAZ or HAGAL - Hailstone, disruptions by natural forces, interruption Phonetic value "h" happy 10 - NAUTHIZ, NYD or NOT - Need, necessity Phonetic value"n" as in Not 11 - ISA or IS - Ice, frozen, static existence, standstill, lack of movement Phonetic value "ee" as in Peel 12 - JERA, JER, or JARA - Year, season, cycles, harvest, change, plenty Phonetic value "j" as in Joy 13 - EIHWAZ, or EOH - Yew tree, bow, defense, continuity, endurance Phonetic value"eo" 14 - PERTH, PEORTH, PERTHO or PERTHRO - dice cup, pawn or game piece, initiation, memory, recollection, problem solving Phonetic value "p" as in Peace 15 - ALGIZ, ELHAZ, EIWAZ OR EOLH - Elk, protection, repelling of evil Phonetic value "zz" as in Buzz 16 - SOWELU, SIGEL, SIG or SOWILO - Sun, great power, wholeness Phonetic value "S" as is sun The third 'aett consists of: 17 - TEIWAZ or TYR - Definition - Sign of the Sky God Teiwaz or Tyr, victory through sacrifice, the spiritual warrior, right action Phonetic value "t" as in Turn 18 - BERKANA, BEORC or BAR - Birch tree, birth, new beginnings, growth Phonetic value "b" as in Born 19 - EHWAZ or EH - Horse, movement, bringing together, combination Phonetic value "eh' as in Then 20 - MANNAZ or MAN - Humans, Mankind, basic qualities of humankind, males and females Phonetic value "m" as in Man 21 - LAGUZ or LAGU - Water, fluidity, flow, life force Phonetic value "l" as in Love 22 - INGUZ, INGWAZ or ING - Sign of the God Ing, fertility, inner fire Phonetic value "ng" as in bring 23 - OTHILA, ODAL, ODIL, ETHIL or ETHEL - own earth, own land, individual liberty, separation from outsiders, enclosure, home Phonetic value "o" as in Over 24 - DAGAZ or DAG - Day, balance, dualism of nature, harmony Phonetic value "d" as in Day LATER DEVELOPMENTS The Elder Futhark did not remain unchanged as did the Roman and Greek alphabet. New forms came into being as the need arose. In what is known today as Holland and in NW Germany, four new runes were added to the existing 24. This formed the Futhark that migrated to England. The 28 character Futhark is known from a sword found in the River Thames in 1857. The additional letters of this rune row are: 25 - AC - Oak tree 26 - Os - speech/mouth 27 - Yr - a bow or yew tree 28 - Ior - a water beast In Britain another rune was added to this row: 29 - Ear - earth/grave This created the Anglo-Saxon Futhark of 29 runes. Around 800, in northern England and the south of Scotland the Anglo Saxon Futhark was extended further. Another 4 runes were added, creating the Northumbrian Futhark, the longest row of the Elder Futhark which ended the Anglo Saxon runic development. Some of the runes of the fourth aett have a Celtic influence. The extra runes in the Northumbrian row are: 30 - Cweorth - apple tree, ceremonial fire 31- Calc - chalice, calculating stone or chessman 32 - Stan - a stone 33 - Gar - a spear |
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