The Treaty of Sèvres, 1920
(from: The Treaties of Peace 1919-1923, Vol. II, Carnegie Endowment for International
Peace, New York, 1924.)
THE TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN THE ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED POWERS AND TURKEY SIGNED
AT SÈVRES AUGUST 10, 1920
THE BRITISH EMPIRE, FRANCE, ITALY AND JAPAN,
These Powers being described in the present Treaty as the Principal Allied
Powers;
ARMENIA, BELGIUM, GREECE, THE HEDJAZ, POLAND, PORTUGAL, ROUMANIA, THE SERB-CROAT-SLOVENE
STATE AND CZECHO-SLOVAKIA,
These Powers constituting, with the Principal Powers mentioned above, the Allied
Powers, of the one part;
AND TURKEY,
on the other part;
Whereas on the request of the Imperial Ottoman Government an Armistice was
granted to Turkey on October 30, 1918, by the Principal Allied Powers in order
that a Treaty of Peace might be concluded, and
Whereas the Allied Powers are equally desirous that the war in which certain
among them were successively involved, directly or indirectly, against Turkey,
and which originated in the declaration of war against Serbia on July 28, I914,
by the former Imperial and Royal Austro-Hungarian Government, and in the hostilities
opened by Turkey against the Allied Powers on October 29, 1914, and conducted
by Germany in alliance with Turkey, should be replaced by a firm, just and durable
Peace,
For this purpose the HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES have appointed as their Plenipotentiaries:
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND AND
OF THE BRITISH DOMINIONS BEYOND TIIE SEAS, EMPEROR OF INDIA:Sir George Dixon GRAHAME,
K. C. V. O., Minister Plenipotentiary of His Britannic Majesty at Paris;
for the DOMINION of CANADA:The Honourable Sir George Halsey PERLEY, K.C. M.
GHigh Commissioner for Canada in the United Kingdom;
for the COMMONWEALTH of AUSTRALIA:The Right Honourable Andrew FISHER, High
Commissioner for Australia in the United Kingdom;
for the DOMINION of NEW ZEALAND:Sir George Dixon GRAHAME, K. C. V. O., Minister
Plenipotentiary of His Britannic Majesty at Paris;
for the UNION of SOUTH AFRICA:Mr. Reginald Andrew BLANKENBERG, O. B. E., Acting
High Commissioner for the Union of South Africa in the United Kingdom;
for INDIA:Sir Arthur HIRTZEL, K. C. B., Assistant Under Secretary of State
for India;
THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC:Mr. Alexandre MILLERAND, President of
the Council, Minister for Foreign AffairsMr. Frederic FRANÇOIS-MARSAL,
Minister of FinanceMr. Auguste Paul-Louis ISAAC, Minister of Commerce and Industry;Mr.
Jules CAMBON, Ambassador of FranceMr. Georges Maurice PALÉOLOGUE, Ambassador
of France, Secretary-General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs;
Hls MAJESTY THE KING OF ITALY:Count LELIO BONIN LONGARE, Senator of the Kingdom
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of H. M. the King of Italy at
ParisGeneral Giovanni MARIETTI, Italian Military Representative on the Supreme
War Council;
Hls MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN:Viscount CHINDA, Ambassador Extraordinary
and Plenipotentiary of H. M. the Emperor of Japan at London;Mr. K. MATSUI, Ambassador
Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of H. M. the Emperor of Japan at Paris;
ARMENIA:Mr. Avetis AHARONIAN, President of the Delegation of the Armenian Republic;
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIANS:Mr. Jules VAN DEN HEUVEL, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary, Minister of State;Mr. ROLIN JAEQUEMYNS, Member of
the Institute of Private International Law, Secretary-General of the Belgian Delegation;
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE HELLENES:Mr. Eleftherios K. VENIZELOS, President
of the Council of Ministers;Mr. Athos ROMANOS, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of H. M. the King of the Hellenes at Paris;
HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE HEDJAZ:
THE PRESIDENT OF THE POLISH REPUBLIC:Count Maurice ZAMOYSKI, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Polish Republic at Paris;Mr. Erasme PILTZ;
THE PRESIDENT OF THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC:Dr. Affonso da COSTA, formerly President
of the Council of Ministers;
His MAJESTY THE KING OF ROUMANIA:Mr. Nicolae TITULESCU, Minister of Finance;
Prince DIMITRIE GHIKA, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of
H. M. the King of Roumania at Paris;
Hls MAJESTY THE KING OF THE SERBS, THE CROATS AND THE SLOVENES:
Mr. Nicolas P. PACHITCH, formerly President of the Council of Ministers;Mr.
Ante TRUMBIC, Minister for Foreign Affairs;
THE PRESIDENT OF THE CZECHO-SLOVAK REPUBLIC:Mr. Edward BENES, Minister for
Foreign Affairs;Mr. Stephen OSUSKY, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
of the Czecho-Slovak Republic at London;
TURKEY:General HAADI Pasha, Senator;RIZA TEVFIK Bey, Senator;RECHAD HALISS
Bey, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Turkey at Berne; WHO,
having communicated their full powers, found in good and due form, have AGREED
AS FOLLOWS:
From the coming into force of the present Treaty the state of war will terminate.
From that moment and subject to the provisions of the present Treaty, officiai
relations will exist between the Allied Powers and Turkey.
PART I.THE COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS.ARTICLES 1 TO 26 AND ANNEXSee
Part I, Treaty of Versailles, Pages 10-23.
PART II.FRONTIERS OF TURKEY.ARTICLE 27.
I. In Europe, the frontiers of Turkey will be laid down as follows:1. The Black
Sea: from the entrance of the Bosphorus to the point described below.
2. With Greece:From a point to be chosen on the Black Sea near the mouth of
the Biyuk Dere, situated about 7 kilometres north-west of Podima, south-westwards
to the most north-westerly point of the limit of the basin of the Istranja Dere
(about 8 kilometres northwest of Istranja), a line to be fixed on the ground passing
through Kapilja Dagh and Uchbunar Tepe;thence south-south-eastwards to a point
to be chosen on the railway from Chorlu to Chatalja about 1 kilometre west of
the railway station of Sinekli, a line following as far as possible the western
limit of the basin of the Istranja Dere;thence south-eastwards to a point to be
chosen between Fener and Kurfali on the watershed between the basins of those
rivers which flow into Biyuk Chekmeje Geul, on the north-east, and the basin of
those rivers which flow direct into the Sea of Marmora on the south-west, a line
to be fixed on the ground passing south of Sinekli;thence south-eastwards to a
point to be chosen on the Sea of Marmora about 1 kilometre south-west of Kalikratia,
a line following as far as possible this watershed.
3. The Sea of Marmora:from the point defined above to the entrance of the Bosphorus.
II. In Asia, the frontiers of Turkey will be laid down as follows:1. On the
West and South:From the entrance of the Bosphorus into the Sea of Marmora to a
point described below, situated in the eastern Mediterranean Sea in the neighbourhood
of the Gulf of Alexandretta near Karatash Burun the Sea of Marmora, the Dardanelles,
and the Eastern Mediterranean Sea; the islands of the Sea of Marmora, and those
which are situated within a distance of 3 miles from the coast, remaining Turkish,
subject to the provisions of Section IV and Articles 84 and 122, Part III (Political
Clauses).
2. With Syria:From a point to be chosen on the eastern bank of the outlet of
the Hassan Dede, about 3 kilometres north-west of Karatash Bu- run, north-eastwards
to a point to be chosen on the Djaihun Irmak about 1 kilometre north of Babeli,
a line to be fixed on the ground passing north of Karatash; thence to Kesik Kale,
the course of the Djaihun Irmak upstream;thence north-eastwards to a point to
be chosen on the Djaihun Irmak about 15 kilometres east-southeast of Karsbazar,
a line to be fixed on the ground passing north of Kara Tepe;thence to the bend
in the Djaihun Irmak situated west of Duldul Dagh, the course of the Djaihun Irmak
upstream;thence in a general south-easterly direction to a point to be chosen
on Emir Musi Dagh about 15 kilometres south-south-west of Giaour Geul a line to
be fixed on the ground at a distance of about 18 kilometres from the railway,
and leaving Duldul Dagh to Syria;thence eastwards to a point to be chosen about
5 kilometres north of Urfa a generally straight line from west to east to be hxed
on the ground passing north of the roads connecting the towns of Bagh- che, Aintab,
Biridjik, and Urfa and leaving the last three named towns to Syria;thence eastwards
to the south-western extremity of the bend in the Tigris about 6 kilometres north
of Azekh (27 kilometres west of Djezire-ibn-Omar), a generally straight line from
west to east to be fixed on the ground leaving the town of Mardin to Syria;thence
to a point to be chosen on the Tigris between the point of confluence of the Khabur
Su with the Tigris and the bend in the Tigris situated about 10 kilometres north
of this point,the course of the Tigris downstream, leaving the island on which
is situated the town of Djezire-ibn-Omar to Syria.
3. With Mesopotamia:Thence in a general easterly direction to a point to be
chosen on the northern boundary of the vilayet of Mosul,a line to be fixed on
the ground;thence eastwards to the point where it meets the frontier between Turkey
and Persia,the northern boundary of the vilayet of Mosul, modified, however, so
as to pass south of Amadia.
4. On the East and the North East:From the point above defined to the Black
Sea, the existing frontier between Turkey and Persia, then the former frontier
between Turkey and Russia, subject to the provisions of Article 89.
5. The Black Sea.ARTICLE 28.
The frontiers described by the present Treaty are traced on the one in a million
maps attached to the present Treaty. In case of differences between the text and
the map, the text will prevail. [See Introduction.]
ARTICLE 29.
Boundary Commissions, whose composition is or will be fixed in the present
Treaty or in Treaties supplementary thereto, will have to trace these frontiers
on the ground.
They shall have the power, not only of fixing those portions which are defined
as "a line to be fixed on the ground," but also, if the Commission considers
it necessary, of revising in matters of detail portions defined by administrative
boundaries or otherwise. They shall endeavour in all cases to follow as nearly
as possible the descriptions given in the Treaties, taking into account, as far
as possible, administrative boundaries and local economic interests.
The decisions of the Commissions will be taken by a majority, and shall be
binding on the parties concerned.
The expenses of the Boundary Commissions will be borne in equal shares by the
parties concerned.
ARTICLE 30.
In so far as frontiers defined by a waterway are concerned, the phrases "course"
or "channel" used in the descriptions of the present Treaty signify,
as regards non-navigable rivers, the median line of the waterway or of its principal
branch, and, as regards navigable rivers, the median line of the principal channel
of navigation. It will rest with the Boundary Commissions provided for by the
present Treaty to specify whether the frontier line shall follow any changes of
the course or channel which may take place, or whether it shall be definitely
fixed by the position of the course or channel at the time when the present Treaty
comes into force.
In the absence of provisions to the contrary in the present Treaty, islands
and islets Iying within three miles of the coast are included within the frontier
of the coastal State.
ARTICLE 31.
The various States concerned undertake to furnish to the Commissions all documents
necessary for their tasks, especially authentic copies of agreements fixing existing
or old frontiers, all large scale maps in existence, geodetic data, surveys completed
but unpublished, and information concerning the changes of frontier watercourses.
The maps, geodetic data, and surveys, even if unpublished, which are in the possession
of the Turkish authorities must be delivered at Constantinople, within thirty
days from the coming into force of the present Treaty, to such representative
of the Commissions concerned as may be appointed by the principal Allied Powers.
The States concerned also undertake to instruct the local authorities to communicate
to the Commissions all documents, especially plans, cadastral and land books,
and to furnish on demand all details regarding property, existing economic conditions,
and other necessary information.
ARTICLE 32.
The various States interested undertake to give every assistance to the Boundary
Commissions, whether directly or through local authorities, in everything that
concerns transport, accommodation, labour, materials (sign-posts, boundary pillars)
necessary for the accomplishment of their mission.
In particular the Turkish Government undertakes to furnish to the Principal
Allied Powers such technical personnel as they may consider necessary to assist
the Boundary Commissions in the accomplishment of their mission.
ARTICLE 33.
The various States interested undertake to safeguard the trigonometrical points,
signals, posts or frontier marks erected by the Commissions.
ARTICLE 34
The pillars will be placed so as to be intervisible; they will be numbered,
and their position and their number will be noted on a cartographic document.
ARTICLE 35.
The protocols defining the boundary and the maps and documents attached thereto
will be made out in triplicate, of which two copies will be forwarded to the Governments
of the limitrophe States, and the third to the Government of the French Republic,
which will deliver authentic copies to the Powers who sign the present Treaty.
PART III.
POLITICAL CLAUSES.SECTION I.CONSTANTINOPLE.ARTICLE 36.
Subject to the provisions of the present Treaty, the High Contracting Parties
agree that the rights and title of the Turkish Government over Constantinople
shall not be affected, and that the said Government and His Majesty the Sultan
shall be entitled to reside there and to maintain there the capital of the Turkish
State.
Nevertheless, in the event of Turkey failing to observe faithfully the provisions
of the present Treaty, or of any treaties or conventions supplementary thereto,
particularly as regards the protection of the rights of racial, religious or linguistic
minorities, the Allied Powers expressly reserve the right to modify the above
provisions, and Turkey hereby agrees to accept any dispositions which may be taken
in this connection.
SECTION I I .
STRAITS.
ARTICLE 37.
The navigation of the Straits, including the Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmora
and the Bosphorus, shall in future be open, both in peace and war, to every vessel
of commerce or of war and to military and commercial aircraft, without distinction
of flag.
These waters shall not be subject to blockade, nor shall any belligerent right
be exercised nor any act of hostility be committed within them, unless in pursuance
of a decision of the Council of the League of Nations.
ARTICLE 33.
The Turkish Government recognises that it is necessary to take further measures
to ensure the freedom of navigation provided for in Article 37, and accordingly
delegates, so far as it is concerned, to a Commission to be called the "Commission
of the Straits," and hereinafter referred to as 'the Commission," the
control of the waters specified in Article 39.
The Greek Government, so far as it is concerned, delegates to the Commission
the same powers and undertakes to give it in all respects the same facilities.
Such control shall be exercised in the name of the Turkish and Greek Governments
respectively, and in the manner provided in this Section.
ARTICLE 39.
The authority of the Commission will extend to all the waters between the Mediterranean
mouth of the Dardanelles and the Black Sea mouth of the Bosphorus, and to the
waters within three miles of each of these mouths.
This authority may be exercised on shore to such extent as may be necessary
for the execution of the provisions of this Section.
ARTICLE 40.
The Commission shall be composed of representatives appointed respectively
by the United States of America (if and when that Government is willing to participate),
the British Empire, France, Italy, Japan, Russia (if and when Russia becomes a
member of the League of Nations), Greece, Roumania, and Bulgaria and Turkey (if
and when the two latter States become members of the League of Nations). Each
Power shall appoint one representative. The representatives of the United States
of America, the British Empire, France, Italy, Japan and Russia shall each have
two votes. The representatives of Greece, Roumania, and Bulgaria and Turkey shall
each have one vote. Each Commissioner shall be removable only by the Government
which appointed him.
ARTICLE 41.
The Commissioners shall enjoy, within the limits specified in Article 39, diplomatic
privileges and immunities.
ARTICLE 42.
The Commission will exercise the powers conferred on it by the present Treaty
in complete independence of the local author ity. It will have its own flag, its
own budget and its separate organisation.
ARTICLE 43.
Within the limits of its jurisdiction as laid down in Article 39 the Commission
will be charged with the following duties:
(a) the execution of any works considered necessary for the improvement of
the channels or the approaches to harbours;(b) the lighting and buoying of the
channels;(c) the control of pilotage and towage;(d) the control of anchorages;(e)
the control necessary to assure the application in the ports of Constantinople
and Haidar Pasha of the regime prescribed in Articles 335 to 344, Part XI (Ports,
Waterways and Railways) of the present Treaty;(f) the control of all matters relating
to wrecks and salvage;(g) the control of lighterage;
ARTICLE 44.
In the event of the Commission finding that the liberty of passage is being
interfered with, it will inform the representatives at Constantinople of the Allied
Powers providing the occupying forces provided for in Article 178. These representatives
will thereupon concert with the naval and military commanders of the said forces
such measures as may be deemed necessary to preserve the freedom of the Straits.
Similar action shall be taken by the said representatives in the event of any
external action threatening the liberty of passage of the Straits.
ARTICLE 45.
For the purpose of the acquisition of any property or the execution of any
permanent works which may be required, the Commission shall be entitled to raise
such loans as it may consider necessary. These loans will be secured, so far as
possible, on the dues to be levied on the shipping using the Straits, as provided
in Article 53.
ARTICLE 46.
The functions previously exercised by the Constantinople Superior Council of
Health and the Turkish Sanitary Administration which was directed by the said
Council, and the functions exercised by the National Life-boat Service of the
Bosphorus will within the limits specified in Article 39 be discharged under the
control of the Commission and in such manner as it may direct.
The Commission will co-operate in the execution of any common policy adopted
by the League of Nations for preventing and combating disease.
ARTICLE 47.
Subject to the general powers of control conferred upon the Commission, the
rights of any persons or companies now holding concessions relating to lighthouses,
docks, quays or similar matters shall be maintained; but the Commission shall
be entitled if it thinks it necessary in the general interest to buy out or modify
such rights upon the conditions laid down in Article 311 Part IX (Economic Clauses)
of the present Treaty, or itself to take up a new concession.
ARTICLE 48.
In order to facilitate the execution of the duties with which it is entrusted
by this Section, the Commission shall have power to organise such a force of special
police as may be necessary. This force shall be drawn so far as possible from
the native population of the zone of the Straits and islands referred to in Article
178, Part V (Military, Naval and Air Clauses), excluding the islands of Lemnos,
Imbros, Samothrace, Tenedos and Mitylene. The said force shall be commanded by
foreign police officers appointed by the Commission.
ARTICLE 49.
In the portion of the zone of the Straits, including the islands of the Sea
of Marmora, which remains Turkish, and pending the coming into force of the reform
of the Turkish judicial system provided for in Article I36, all infringements
of the regulations and by-laws made by the Commission, committed by nationals
of capitulatory Powers, shall be dealt with by the Consular Courts of the said
Powers. The Allied Powers agree to make such infringements justiciable before
their Consular Courts or authorities. Infringements committed by Turkish nationals
or nationals of non-capitulatory Powers shall be dealt with by the competent Turkish
judicial authorities.
In the portion of the said zone placed under Greek sovereignty such infringements
will be dealt with by the competent Greek judicial authorities.
ARTICLE 50.
The officers or members of the crew of any merchant vessel vwithin the limits
of the jurisdiction of the Commission who may be arrested on shore for any offence
committed either ashore or afloat within the limits of the said jurisdiction shall
be brought before the competent judicial authority by the Commission's police.
If the accused was arrested otherwise than by the Commission's police he shall
immediately be handed over to them.
ARTICLE 51 .
The Commission shall appoint such subordinate officers or officials as may
be found indispensable to assist it in carrying out the duties with which it is
charged.
ARTICLE 52.
In all matters relating to the navigation of the waters within the limits of
the jurisdiction of the Commission all the ships referred to in Article 37 shall
be treated upon a footing of absolute equality.
ARTICLE 53.
Subject to the provisions of Article 47 the existing rights under which dues
and charges can be levied for various purposes, whether direct by the Turkish
Government or by international bodies or private companies, on ships or cargoes
within the limits of the jurisdiction of the Commission shall be transferred to
the Commisssion The Commission shall fix these dues and charges at such amounts
only as may be reasonably necessary to cover the cost of the works executed and
the services rendered to shipping, including the general costs and expenses of
the administration of the Commission, and the salaries and pay provided for in
paragraph 3 of the Annex to this Section.
For these purposes only and with the prior consent of the Council of the League
of Nations the Commission may also establish dues and charges other than those
now existing and fix their amounts.
ARTICLE 54.
All dues and charges imposed by the Commission shall be levied without any
discrimination and on a footing of absolute equality between all vessels, whatever
their port of origin, destination or departure, their flag or ownership, or the
nationality or ownership of their cargoes.
This disposition does not affect the right of the Commission to fix in accordance
with tonnage the dues provided for by this Section.
ARTICLE 55.
The Turkish and Greek Governments respectively undertake to facilitate the
acquisition by the Commission of such land and buildings as the Commission shall
consider it necessary to acquire in order to carry out effectively the duties
with which it is entrusted.
ARTICLE 56.
Ships of war in transit through the waters specified in Article 39 shall conform
in all respects to the regulations issued by the Commission for the observance
of the ordinary rules of navigation and of sanitary requirements.
ARTICLE 57.
(1) Belligerent warships shall not revictual nor take in stores except so far
as may be strictly necessary to enable them to complete the passage of the Straits
and to reach the nearest port where they can call, nor shall they replenish or
increase their supplies of war material or their armament or complete their crews,
within the waters under the control of the Commission. Only such repairs as are
absolutely necessary to render them seaworthy shall be carried out, and they shall
not add in any manner whatever to their fighting force. The Commission shall decide
what repairs are necessary, and these must be carried out with the least possible
delay.
(2) The passage of belligerent warships through the waters under the control
of the Commission shall be effected with the least possible delay, and without
any other interruption than that resulting from the necessities of the service.
(3) The stay of such warships at ports within the jurisdiction of the Commission
shall not exceed twenty-four hours except in case of distress. In such case they
shall be bound to leave as soon as possible. An interval of at least twenty-four
hours shall always elapse between the sailing of a belligerent ship from the waters
under the control of the Commission and the departure of a ship belonging to an
opposing belligerent.
(4) Any further regulations affecting in time of war the waters under the control
of the Commission, and relating in particular to the passage of war material and
contraband destined for the enemies of Turkey, or revictualling, taking in stores
or carrying out repairs in the said waters, will be laid down by the League of
Nations.
ARTICLE 58.
Prizes shall in all respects be subjected to the same conditions as belligerent
vessels of war.
ARTICLE 59.
No belligerent shall embark or disembark troops, munitions of war or warlike
materials in the waters under the control of the Commission, except in case of
accidental hindrance of the passage, and in such cases the passage shall be resumed
with all possible despatch.
ARTICLE 60.
Nothing in Articles 57, 58 or 59 shall be deemed to limit the powers of a belligerent
or belligerents acting in pursuance of a decision by the Council of the League
of Nations.
ARTICLE 61.
Any differences which may arise between the Powers as to the interpretation
or execution of the provisions of this Section, and as regards Constantinople
and Haidar Pasha of the provisions of Articles 335 to 344, Part Xl (Ports, Waterways,
and Railways) shall be referred to the Commission. In the event of the decision
of the Commission not being accepted by any Power, the question shall, on the
demand of any Power concerned, be settled as provided by the League of Nations,
pending whose decision the ruling of the Commission will be carried out.
ANNEX
1.
The Chairmanship of the Commission of the Straits shall be rotatory for the
period of two years among the members of the Commission entitled to two votes.
The Commission shall take decisions by a majority vote and the Chairman shall
have a casting vote. Abstention shall be regarded as a vote against the proposal
under discussion.
Each of the Commissioners will have the right to designate a deputy Commissioner
to replace him in his absence.
2
The salary of each member of the Commission will be paid by the Government
which appointed him; these salaries will be fixed at reasonable amounts agreed
upon from time to time between the Governments represented on the Commission.
3
The salaries of the police officers referred to in Article 48, of such other
officials and officers as may be appointed under Article 51, and the pay of the
local police referred to in Article 48, shall be paid out of the receipts from
the dues and charges levied on shipping.
The Commission shall frame regulations as to the terms and conditions of employment
of all officers and officials appointed
4
The Commission shall have at its disposal such vessels as may be necessary
to enable it to carry out its functions as laid down in this Section and Annex.
5
In order to carry out all the duties with which it is charged by the provisions
of this Section and Annex and within the limits therein laid down the Commission
will have the power to prepare, issue and enforce the necessary regulations; this
power will include the right of amending so far as may be necessary or repealing
the existing regulations.
6.
The Commission shall frame regulations as to the manner in which the accounts
of all revenues and expenditure of the funds under its control shall be kept,
the auditing of such accounts and the publication every year of a full and accurate
report thereof.
SECTION III.KURDISTAN.ARTICLE 62.
A Commission sitting at Constantinople and composed of three members appointed
by the British, French and Italian Governments respectively shall draft within
six months from the coming into force of the present Treaty a scheme of local
autonomy for the predominantly Kurdish areas lying east of the Euphrates, south
of the southern boundary of Armenia as it may be hereafter determined, and north
of the frontier of Turkey with Syria and Mesopotamia, as defined in Article 27,
II (2) and (3). If unanimity cannot be secured on any question, it will be referred
by the members of the Commission to their respective Governments. The scheme shall
contain full safeguards for the protection of the Assyro-Chaldeans and other racial
or religious minorities within these areas, and with this object a Commission
composed of British, French, Italian, Persian and Kurdish representatives shall
visit the spot to examine and decide what rectifications, if any, should be made
in the Turkish frontier where, under the provisions of the present Treaty, that
frontier coincides with that of Persia.
ARTICLE 63.
The Turkish Government hereby agrees to accept and execute the decisions of
both the Commissions mentioned in Article 62 within three months from their communication
to the said Government.
ARTICLE 64.
If within one year from the coming into force of the present Treaty the Kurdish
peoples within the areas defined in Article 62 shall address themselves to the
Council of the League of Nations in such a manner as to show that a majority of
the population of these areas desires independence from Turkey, and if the Council
then considers that these peoples are capable of such independence and recommends
that it should be granted to them, Turkey hereby agrees to execute such a recommendation,
and to renounce all rights and title over these areas.
The detailed provisions for such renunciation will form the subject of a separate
agreement between the Principal Allied Powers and Turkey.
If and when such renunciation takes place, no objection will be raised by the
Principal Allied Powers to the voluntary adhesion to such an independent Kurdish
State of the Kurds inhabiting that part of Kurdistan which has hitherto been included
in the Mosul vilayet.
SECTION IV.SMYRNA.ARTICLE 65.
The provisions of this Section will apply to the city of Smyrna and the adjacent
territory defined in Article 66, until the determination of their final status
in accordance with Article 83.
ARTICLE 66.
The geographical limits of the territory adjacent to the city of Smyrna will
be laid down as follows:
From the mouth of the river which flows into the Aegean Sea about 5 kilometres
north of Skalanova, eastwards,the course of this river upstream;then south-eastwards,
the course of the southern branch of this river;then south-eastwards, to the western
point of the crest of the Gumush Dagh;A line to be fixed on the ground passing
west of Chinar K, and east of Akche Ova;thence north-eastwards, this crest line;thence
northwards to a point to be chosen on the railway from Ayasoluk to Deirmendik
about 1 kilometre west of Balachik station,a line to be fixed on the ground leaving
the road and railway from Sokia to Balachik station entirely in Turkish territory;thence
northwards to a point to be chosen on the southern boundary of the Sandjak of
Smyrna,a line to be fixed on the ground;thence to a point to be chosen in the
neighbourhood of Bos Dagh situated about 15 kilometres north-east of Odemish,the
southern and eastern boundary of the Sandjak of Smyrna;thence northwards to a
point to be chosen on the railway from Manisa to Alashehr about 6 kilometres west
of Salihli,a line to be fixed on the ground;thence northwards to Geurenez Dagh,a
line to be fixed on the ground passing east of Mermer Geul west of Kemer, crossing
the Kum Chai approximately south of Akshalan, and then following the watershed
west of Kavakalan;thence north-westwards to a point to be chosen on the boundary
between the Cazas of Kirkagach and Ak Hissar about 18 kilometres east of Kirkagach
and 20 kilometres north of Ak Hissar,a line to be fixed on the ground;thence westwards
to its junction with the boundary of the Caza of Soma,the southern boundary of
the Caza of Kirkagach,thence westwards to its junction with the boundary of the
Sandjak of Smyrna,the southern boundary of the Caza of Soma;thence northwards
to its junction with the boundary of the vilayet of Smyrna,the north-eastern boundary
of the Sandjak of Smyrna;thence westwards to a point to be chosen in the neighbourhood
of Charpajik (Tepe).the northern boundary of the vilayet of Smyrna;thence northwards
to a point to be chosen on the ground about 4 kilometres southwest of Keuiluje,a
line to be fixed on the ground;thence westwards to a point to be selected on the
ground between Cape Dahlina and Kemer Iskele,a line to be fixed on the ground
passing south of Kemer and Kemer Iskele together with the road joining these places.
ARTICLE 67.
A Commission shall be constituted within fifteen days from the coming into
force of the present Treaty to trace on the spot the boundaries of the territories
described in Article 66. This Commission shall be composed of three members nominated
by the British, French and Italian Governments respectively, one member nominated
by the Greek Government, and one nominated by the Turkish Government.
ARTICLE 68.
Subject to the provisions of this Section, the city of Smyrna and the territory
defined in Article 66 will be assimilated, in the application of the present Treaty,
to territory detached from Turkey.
ARTICLE 69
The city of Smyrna and the territory defined in Article 66 remain under Turkish
sovereignty. Turkey, however, transfers to the Greek Government the exercise of
her rights of sovereignty over the city of Smyrna and the said territory. In witness
of such sovereignty the Turkish flag shall remain permanently hoisted over an
outer fort in the town of Smyrna. The fort will be designated by the Principal
Allied Powers.
ARTICLE 70.
The Greek Government will be responsible for the administration of the city
of Smyrna and the territory defined in Article 66, and will effect this administration
by means of a body of officials which it will appoint specially for the purpose.
ARTICLE 71.
The Greek Government shall be entitled to maintain in the city of Smyrna and
the territory defined in Article 66 the military forces required for the maintenance
of order and public security.
ARTICLE 72.
A local parliament shall be set up with an electoral system calculated to ensure
proportional representation of all sections of the population, including racial,
linguistic and religious minorities. Within six months from the coming into force
of the present Treaty the Greek Government shall submit to the Council of the
League of Nations a scheme for an electoral system complying with the above requirements;
this scheme shall not come into force until approved by a majority of the Council.
The Greek Government shall be entitled to postpone the elections for so long
as may be required for the return of the inhabitants who have been banished or
deported by the Turkish authorities, but such postponement shall not exceed a
period of one year from the coming into force of the present Treaty.
ARTICLE 73.
The relations between the Greek administration and the local parliament shall
be determined by the said administration in accordance with the principles of
the Greek Constitution.
ARTICLE 74.
Compulsory military service shall not be enforced in the city of Smyrna and
the territory defined in Article 66 pending the final determination of their status
in accordance with Article 83.
ARTICLE 75.
The provisions of the separate Treaty referred to in Article 86 relating to
the protection of racial, linguistic and religious minorities, and to freedom
of commerce and transit, shall be applicable to the city of Smyrna and the territory
defined in Article 66.
ARTICLE 76.
The Greek Government may establish a Customs boundary along the frontier line
defined in Article 66, and may incorporate the city of Smyrna and the territory
defined in the said Article in the Greek customs system.
ARTICLE 77.
The Greek Government engages to take no measures which would have the effect
of depreciating the existing Turkish currency, which shall retain its character
as legal tender pending the determination, in accordance with the provisions of
Article 83, of the final status of the territory.
ARTICLE 78.
The provisions of Part XI (Ports, Waterways and Railways) relating to the regime
of ports of international interest, free ports and transit shall be applicable
to the city of Smyrna and the territory defined in Article 66.
ARTICLE 79.
As regards nationality, such inhabitants of the city of Smyrna and the territory
defined in Article 66 as are of Turkish nationality and cannot claim any other
nationality under the terms of the present Treaty shall be treated on exactly
the same footing as Greek nationals. Greece shall provide for their diplomatic
and consular protection abroad.
ARTICLE 80.
The provisions of Article 24I, Part VIII (Financial Clauses) will apply in
the case of the city of Smyrna and the territory defined in Article 66.
The provisions of Article 293, Part IX (Economic Clauses) will not be applicable
in the case of the said city and territory.
ARTICLE 8I.
Until the determination, in accordance with the provisions of Article 83, of
the final status of Smyrna and the territory defined in Article 66, the rights
to exploit the salt marshes of Phocea belonging to the Administration of the Ottoman
Public Debt, including all plant and machinery and materials for transport by
land or sea, shall not be altered or interfered with. No tax or charge shall be
imposed during this period on the manufacture, exportation or transport of salt
produced from these marshes. The Greek administration will have the right to regulate
and tax the consumption of salt at Symrna and within the territory defined in
Article 66.
If after the expiration of the period referred to in the preceding paragraph
Greece considers it opportuhe to effect changes in the provisions above set forth,
the salt marshes of Phocea will be treated as a concession and the guarantees
provided by Article 312, Part IX (Economic Clauses) will apply, subject, however,
to the provisions of Article 246, Part VIII (Financial Clauses) of the present
Treaty.
ARTICLE 82.
Subsequent agreements will decide all questions which are not decided by the
present Treaty and which may arise from the execution of the provisions of this
Section.
ARTICLE 83.
When a period of five years shall have elapsed after the coming into force
of the present Treaty the local parliament referred to in Article 72 may, by a
majority of votes, ask the Council of the League of Nations for the definitive
incorporation in the King dom of Greece of the city of Smyrna and the territory
defined in Article 66. The Council may require, as a preliminary, a plebiscite
under conditions which it will lay down.
In the event of such incorporation as a result of the application of the foregoing
paragraph, the Turkish sovereignty referred to in Article 69 shall cease. Turkey
hereby renounces in that event in favour of Greece all rights and title over the
city of Smyrna and the territory defined in Article 66.
SECTION V.
GREECE.
ARTICLE 84.
Without prejudice to the frontiers of Bulgaria laid down by the Treaty of Peace
signed at Neuilly-sur-Seine on November 27, 1919, Turkey renounces in favour of
Greece all rights and title over the territories of the former Turkish Empire
in Europe situated outside the frontiers of Turkey as laid down by the present
Treaty.
The islands of the Sea of Marmora are not included in the transfer of sovereignty
effected by the above paragraph.
Turkey further renounces in favour of Greece all her rights and title over
the islands of Imbros and Tenedos. The decision taken by the Conference of Ambassadors
at London in execution of Articles 5 of the Treaty of London of May 17-30, 1913,
and 15 of the Treaty of Athens of November 1-14, 1913, and notified to the Greek
Govermnent on February 13, 1914, relating to the sovereignty of Greece over the
other islands of the Eastern Mediterranean, particularly Lemnos, Samothrace, Mytilene,
Chios, Samos and Nikaria, is confirmed, without prejudice to the provisions of
the present Treaty relating to the islands placed under the sovereignty of Italy
and referred to in Article 122, and to the islands lying less than three miles
fron the coast of Asia.
Nevertheless, in the portion of the zone of the Straits and the islands, referred
to in Article 178, which under the present Treaty are placed under Greek sovereignty,
Greece accepts and undertakes to observe, failing any contrary stipulation in
the present Treaty, all the obligations which, in order to assure the freedom
of the Straits, are imposed by the present Treaty on Turkey in that portion of
the said zone, including the islands of the Sea of Marmora, which remains under
Turkish sovereignty.
ARTICLE 85.
A Commission shall be constituted within fifteen days from the coming into
force of the present Treaty to trace on the spot the frontier line described in
Article 27, 1 (2). This Commission shall be composed of four members nominated
by the Principal Allied Powers, one member nominated by Greece, and one member
nominated by Turkey.
ARTICLE 86.
Greece accepts and agrees to embody in a separate Treaty such provisions as
may be deemed necessary, particularly as regards Adrianople, to protect the interests
of inhabitants of that State who differ from the majority of the population in
race, language or religion.
Greece further accepts and agrees to embody in a separate Treaty such provisions
as may be deemed necessary to protect freedom of transit and equitable treatment
for the commerce of other nations.
ARTICLE 87.
The proportion and nature of the financial obligations of Turkey which Greece
will have to assume on account of the territory placed under her sovereignty will
be determined in accordance with Articles 241 to 244, Part VIII (Financial Clauses)
of the present Treaty.
Subsequent agreements will decide all questions which are not decided by the
present Treaty and which may arise in consequence of the transfer of the said
territories.
SECTION VI.
ARMENIA.ARTICLE 88.
Turkey, in accordance with the action already taken by the Allied Powers, hereby
recognises Armenia as a free and independent State.
ARTICLE 89.
Turkey and Armenia as well as the other High Contracting Parties agree to submit
to the arbitration of the President of the United States of America the question
of the frontier to be fixed between Turkey and Armenia in the vilayets of Erzerum,
Trebizond, Van and Bitlis, and to accept his decision thereupon, as well as any
stipulations he may prescribe as to access for Armenia to the sea, and as to the
demilitarisation of any portion of Turkish territory adjacent to the said frontier.
ARTICLE 90.
In the event of the determination of the frontier under Article 89 involving
the transfer of the whole or any part of the territory of the said Vilayets to
Armenia, Turkey hereby renounces as from the date of such decision all rights
and title over the territory so transferred. The provisions of the present Treaty
applicable to territory detached from Turkey shall thereupon become applicable
to the said territory.
The proportion and nature of the financial obligations of Turkey which Armenia
will have to assume, or of the rights which will pass to her, on account of the
transfer of the said territory will be determined in accordance with Articles
241 to 244, Part VIII (Financial Clauses) of the present Treaty.
Subsequent agreements will, if necessary, decide all questions which are not
decided by the present Treaty and which may arise in consequence of the transfer
of the said territory.
ARTICLE 91.
In the event of any portion of the territory referred to in Article 89 being
transferred to Armenia, a Boundary Commission, whose composition will be determined
subsequently, will be constituted within three months from the delivery of the
decision referred to in the said Article to trace on the spot the frontier between
Armenia and Turkey as established by such decision.
ARTICLE 92.
The frontiers between Armenia and Azerbaijan and Georgia respectively will
be determined by direct agreement between the States concerned.
If in either case the States concerned have failed to determine the frontier
by agreement at the date of the decision referred to in Article 89, the frontier
line in question will be determined by the Pricipal Allied Powers, who will also
provide for its being traced on the spot.
ARTICLE 93.
Armenia accepts and agrees to embody in a Treaty with the Principal Allied
Powers such provisions as may be deemed necessary by these Powers to protect the
interests of inhabitants of that State who differ from the majority of the population
in race, language, or religion.
Armenia further accepts and agrees to embody in a Treaty with the Principal
Allied Powers such provisions as these Powers may deem necessary to protect freedom
of transit and equitable treatment for the commerce of other nations.
SECTION VII.SYRIA, MESOPOTAMIA, PALESTINE.ARTICLE 94.
The High Contracting Parties agree that Syria and Mesopotamia shall, in accordance
with the fourth paragraph of Article 22.
Part I (Covenant of the League of Nations), be provisionally recognised as
independent States subject to the rendering of administrative advice and assistance
by a Mandatory until such time as they are able to stand alone.
A Commission shall be constituted within fifteen days from the coming into
force of the present Treaty to trace on the spot the frontier line described in
Article 27, II (2) and (3). This Commission will be composed of three members
nominated by France, Great Britain and Italy respectively, and one member nominated
by Turkey; it will be assisted by a representative of Syria for the Syrian frontier,
and by a representative of Mesopotamia for the Mesopotamian frontier.
The determination of the other frontiers of the said States, and the selection
of the Mandatories, will be made by the Principal Allied Powers.
ARTICLE 95.
The High Contracting Parties agree to entrust, by application of the provisions
of Article 22, the administration of Palestine, within such boundaries as may
be determined by the Principal Allied Powers, to a Mandatory to be selected by
the said Powers. The Mandatory will be responsible for putting into effect the
declaration originally made on November 2, 1917, by the British Government, and
adopted by the other Allied Powers, in favour of the establishment in Palestine
of a national home for the Jewish people, it being clearly understood that nothing
shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish
communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in
any other country.
The Mandatory undertakes to appoint as soon as possible a special Commission
to study and regulate all questions and claims relating to the different religious
communities. In the composition of this Commission the religious interests concerned
will be taken into account. The Chairman of the Commission will be appointed by
the Council of the League of Nations.
ARTICLE 96.
The terms of the mandates in respect of the above territories will be formulated
by the Principal Allied Powers and submitted to the Council of the League of Nations
for approval.
ARTICLE 97.
Turkey hereby undertakes, in accordance with the provisions of Article 132,
to accept any decisions which may be taken in relation to the questions dealt
with in this Section.
SECTION VIII.HEDJAZ.ARTICLE 98.
Turkey, in accordance with the action already taken by the Allied Powers, hereby
recognises the Hedjaz as a free and indepedent State, and renounces in favour
of the Hedjaz all rights and titles over the territories of the former Turkish
Empire situated outside the frontiers of Turkey as laid down by the present Treaty,
and comprised within the boundaries which may ultimately be fixed.
ARTICLE 99.
In view of the sacred character attributed by Moslems of all countries to the
cities and the Holy Places of Mecca and Medina His Majesty the King of the Hedjaz
undertakes to assure free and easy access thereto to Moslems of every country
who desire to go there on pilgrimage or for any other religious object, and to
respect and ensure respect for the pious foundations which are or may be established
there by Moslems of any countries in accordance with the precepts of the law of
the Koran.
ARTICLE 100.
His Majesty the King of the Hedjaz undertakes that in commercial matters the
most complete equality of treatment shall be assured in the territory of the Hedjaz
to the persons, ships and goods of nationals of any of the Allied Powers, or of
any of the new States set up in the territories of the former Turkish Empire,
as well as to the persons, ships and goods of nationals of States, Members of
the League of Nations.
SECTION IX.
EGYPT, SOUDAN, CYPRUS.I. EGYPT.ARTICLE 101.
Turkey renounces all rights and title in or over Egypt. This renunciation shall
take effect as from November 5, 1914. Turkey declares that in conformity with
the action taken by the Allied Powers she recognises the Protectorate proclaimed
over Egypt by Great Britain on December 18, 1914.
ARTICLE 102.
Turkish subjects habitually resident in Egypt on December 18, 1914, will acquire
Egyptian nationality ipso facto and will lose their Turkish nationality, except
that if at that date such persons were temporarily absent from, and have not since
returned to, Egypt they will not acquire Egyptian nationality without a special
authorisation from the Egyptian Government.
ARTICLE 103.
Turkish subjects who became resident in Egypt after December 18, 1914, and
are habitually resident there at the date of the coming into force of the present
Treaty may, subject to the conditions prescribed in Article 105 for the right
of option, claim Egyptian nationality, but such claim may in individual cases
be refused by the competent Egyptian authority.
ARTICLE 104.
For all purposes connected with the present Treaty, Egypt and Egyptian nationals,
their goods and vessels, shall be treated on the same footing, as from August
I, 1914, as the Allied Powers, their nationals, goods and vessels, and provisions
in respect of territory under Turkish sovereignty, or of territory detached from
Turkey in accordance with the present Treaty, shall not apply to Egypt.
ARTICLE I05.
Within a period of one year after the coming into force of the present Treaty
persons over eighteen years of age acquiring Egyptian nationality under the provisions
of Article 102 will be entitled to opt for Turkish nationality. In case such persons,
or those who under Article 103 are entitled to claim Egyptian nationality, differ
in race from the majority of the population of Egypt, they will within the same
period be entitled to opt for the nationality of any State in favour of which
territory is detached from Turkey, if the majority of the population of that State
is of the same race as the person exercising the right to opt.
Option by a husband covers a wife and option by parents covers their children
under eighteen years of age.
Persons who have exercised the above right to opt must, except where authorised
to continue to reside in Egypt, transfer within the ensuing twelve months their
place of residence to the State for which they have opted. They will be entitled
to retain their immovable property in Egypt, and may carry with them their movable
property of every description. No export or import duties or charges may be imposed
upon them in connection with the removal of such property.
ARTICLE 106.
The Egyptian Government shall have complete liberty of action in regulating
the status of Turkish subjects in Egypt and the conditions under which they may
establish themselves in the territory.
ARTICLE 107.
Egyptian nationals shall be entitled, when abroad, to British diplonlatic and
consular protection.
ARTICLE 108.
Egyptian goods entering Turkey shall enjoy the treatment accorded to British
goods.
ARTICLE 109.
Turkey renounces in favour of Great Britain the powers conferred upon His Imperial
Majesty the Sultan by the Convention signed at Constantinople on October 29, 1888,
relating to the free navigation of the Suez Canal.
ARTICLE 110.
All property and possessions in Egypt belonging to the Turkish Government pass
to the Egyptian Government without payment.
ARTICLE 111 .
All movable and immovable property in Egypt belonging to Turkish nationals
(who do not acquire Egyptian nationality) shall be dealt with in aecordance with
the provisions of Part IX (Economie Clauses) of the present Treaty.
ARTICLE 112.
Turkey renounces all claim to the tribute formerly paid by Egypt.
Great Britain undertakes to relieve Turkey of all liability in respect of the
Turkish loans secured on the Egyptian tribute.
These loans are:
The guaranteed loan of 1855;The loan of 1894 representing the converted loans
of 1854 and 1871; The loan of 1891 representing the converted loan of 1877.
The sums which the Khedives of Egypt have from time to time undertaken to pay
over to the houses by which these loans were issued will be applied as heretofore
to the interest and the sinking funds of the loans of 1894 and 1891 until the
final extinction of those loans. The Government of Egypt will also continue to
apply the sum hitherto paid towards the interest on the guaranteed loan of 1855.
Upon the extinction of these loans of 1894, 1891 and 1855, all liability on
the part of the Egyptian Government arising out of the tribute formerly paid by
Egypt to Turkey will cease.
2. SOUDAN.
ARTICLE 113.
The High Contracting Parties declare and place on record that they have taken
note of the Convention between the British Government and the Egyptian Government
defining the status and regulating the administration of the Soudan, signed on
January I9, I899, as amended by the supplementary Convention relating to the town
of Suakin signed on July 10, 1899.
ARTICLE 114.
Soudanese shall be entitled when in foreign countries to British diplomatic
and consular protection.
3. CYPRUS
ARTICLE 115.
The High Contracting Parties recognise the annexation of Cyprus proclaimed
by the British Government on November 5, 1914.
ARTICLE 116.
Turkey renounces all rights and title over or relating to Cyprus, including
the right to the tribute formerly paid by that island to the Sultan.
ARTICLE 117.
Turkish nationals born or habitually resident in Cyprus will acquire British
nationality and lose their Turkish nationality, subject to the conditions laid
down in the local law.
SECTION X.
MOROCCO, TUNIS.
ARTICLE 118.
Turkey recognises the French Protectorate in Morocco, and accepts all the consequences
thereof. This recognition shall take effect as from March 30, 1912.
ARTICLE 119.
Moroccan goods entering Turkey shall be subject to the same treatment as French
goods.
ARTICLE 120.
Turkey recognises the French Protectorate over Tunis and accepts all the consequences
thereof. This recognition shall take effect as from May 12, 1881.
Tunisian goods entering Turkey shall be subject to the same treatment as French
goods.
SECTION XI.
LIBYA, AEGEAN ISLANDS.
ARTICLE 121.
Turkey definitely renounces all rights and privileges which under the Treaty
of Lausanne of October 18, 1912, were left to the Sultan in Libya.
ARTICLE 122.
Turkey renounces in favour of Italy all rights and title over the following
islands of the Aegean Sea; Stampalia (Astropalia), Rhodes (Rhodos), Calki (Kharki),
Scarpanto, Casos (Casso) Pscopis (Tilos), Misiros (Nisyros), Calymnos (Kalymnos)
Leros, Patmos, Lipsos (Lipso), Sini (Symi), and Cos (Kos), which are now occupied
by Italy, and the islets dependent thereon, and also over the island of Castellorizzo.
SECTION Xll.
NATIONALITY.
ARTICLE 123.
Turkish subjects habitually resident in territory which in accordance with
the provisions of the present Treaty is detached from Turkey will become ipso
facto, in the conditions laid down by the local law, nationals of the State to
which such territory is transferred.
ARTICLE 124.
Persons over eighteen years of age losing their Turkish nationality and obtaining
ipso facto a new nationality under Article 123 shall be entitled within a period
of one year from the coming into force of the present Treaty to opt for Turkish
nationality.
ARTICLE 125.
Persons over eighteen years of age habitually resident in territory detached
from Turkey in accordance with the present Treaty and differing in race from the
majority of the population of such territory shall within one year from the coming
into force of the present Treaty be entitled to opt for Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia,
Greece, the Hedjaz, Mesopotamia, Syria, Bulgaria or Turkey, if the majority of
the population of the State selected is of the same race as the person exercising
the right to opt.
ARTICLE 126.
Persons who have exercised the right to opt in accordance with the provisions
of Articles 124 or 125 must within the succeeding twelve months transfer their
place of residence to the State for which they have opted.
They will be entitled to retain their immovable property in the territory of
the other State where they had their place of residence before exercising their
right to opt.
They may carry with them their movable property of every description. No export
or import duties may be imposed upon them in connection with the removal of such
property.
ARTICLE 127.
The High Contracting Parties undertake to put no hindrance in the way of the
exercise of the right which the persons concerned have under the present Treaty,
or under the Treaties of Peace concluded with Germany, Austria, Bulgaria or Hungary
or under any treaty concluded by the Allied Powers, or any of them, with Russia,
or between any of the Allied Powers themselves, to choose any other nationality
which may be open to them.
In particular, Turkey undertakes to facilitate by every means in her power
the voluntary emigration of persons desiring to avail themselves of the right
to opt provided by Article 125, and to carry out any measures which may be prescribed
with this object by the Council of the League of Nations.
ARTICLE 128.
Turkey undertakes to recognise any new nationality which has been or may be
acquired by her nationals under the laws of the Allied Powers or new States and
in accordance with the decisions of the competent authorities of these Powers
pursuant to naturalisation laws or under Treaty stipulations, and to regard such
persons as having, in consequence of the acquisition of such new nationality,
in all respects severed their allegiance to their country of origin.
In particular, persons who before the coming into force of the present Treaty
have acquired the nationality of one of the Allied Powers in accordance with the
law of such Power shall be recognised by the Turkish Government as nationals of
such Power and as having lost their Turkish nationality, notwithstanding any provisions
of Turkish law to the contrary. No confiscation of property or other penalty provided
by Turkish law shall be incurred on account of the acquisition of any such nationality.
ARTICLE 129.
Jews of other than Turkish nationality who are habitually resident, on the
coming into force of the present Treaty, within the boundaries of Palestine, as
determined in accordance with Article 95 will ipso facto become citizens of Palestine
to the exclusion of any other nationality.
ARTICLE 130.
For the purposes of the provisions of this Section, the status of a married
woman will be governed by that of her husband and the status of children under
eighteen years of age by that of their parents.
ARTICLE 131.
The provisions of this Section will apply to the city of Smyrna and the territory
defined in Article 66 as from the establishment of the final status of the territory
in accordance with Article 83.
SECTION XIII.
GENERAL PROVISIONS.
ARTICLE 132.
Outside her frontiers as fixed by the present Treaty Turkey hereby renounces
in favour of the Principal Allied Powers all rights and title which she could
claim on any ground over or concerning any territories outside Europe which are
not otherwise disposed of by the present Treaty.
Turkey undertakes to recognise and conform to the measures which may be taken
now or in the future by the Principal Allied Powers, in agreement where necessary
with third Powers, in order to carry the above stipulation into effect.
ARTICLE 133.
Turkey undertakes to recognise the full force of the Treaties of Peace and
Additional Conventions concluded by the Allied Powers with the Powers who fought
on the side of Turkey, and to recognise whatever dispositions have been or may
be made concerning the territories of the former German Empire, of Austria, of
Hungary and of Bulgaria, and to recognise the new States within their frontiers
as there laid down.
ARTICLE 134.
Turkey hereby recognises and accepts the frontiers of Germany, Austria, Bulgaria,
Greece, Hungary, Poland, Roumania, the Serb-Croat-Slovene State and the Czecho-Slovak
State as these frontiers may be determined by the Treaties referred to in Article
133 or by any supplementary conventions.
ARTICLE 135.
Turkey undertakes to recognise the full force of all treaties or agreements
which may be entered into by the Allied Powers with States now existing or coming
into existence in future in the whole or part of the former Empire of Russia as
it existed on August 1, 1914, and to recognise the frontiers of any such States
as determined therein.
Turkey acknowledges and agrees to respect as permanent and inalienable the
independence of the said States.
In accordance with the provisions of Article 259, Part VIII (Financial Clauses),
and Article 277, Part IX (Economic Clauses), of the present Treaty, Turkey accepts
definitely the abrogation of the Brest-Litovsk Treaties and of all treaties conventions
and agreements entered into by her with the Maximalist Government in Russia.
ARTICLE 136.
A Commission composed of four members, appointed by the British Empire, France,
Italy and Japan respectively, shall be set up within three months from the coming
into force of the present Treaty, to prepare, with the assistance of technical
experts representing the other capitulatory Powers, Allied or neutral, who with
this object will each be invited to appoint an expert, a scheme of judicial reform
to replace the present capitulatory system in judicial matters in Turkey. This
Commission may recommend, after consultation with the Turkish Government, the
adoption of either a mixed or an unified judicial system.
The scheme prepared by the Commission will be submitted to the Governments
of the Allied and neutral Powers concerned. As soon as the Principal Allied Powers
have approved the scheme they will inform the Turkish Government, which hereby
agrees to accept the new system.
The Principal Allied Powers reserve the right to agree among themselves, and
if necessary with the other Allied or neutral Powers concerned, as to the date
on which the new system is to come into force.
ARTICLE 137.
Without prejudice to the provisions of Part VII (Penalties), no inhabitant
of Turkey shall be disturbed or molested, under any pretext whatever, on account
of any political or military action taken by him, or any assistance of any kind
given by him to the Allied Powers, or their nationals, between August 1, 1914,
and the coming into force of the present Treaty; all sentences pronounced against
any inhabitant of Turkey for the above reasons shall be completely annulled, and
any proceedings already instituted shall be arrested.
ARTICLE 138.
No inhabitant of territory detached from Turkey in accordance with the present
Treaty shall be disturbed or molested on account of his political attitude after
August 1, 1914, or of the determination of his nationality effected in accordance
with the present Treaty.
ARTICLE 139.
Turkey renounces formally all rights of suzerainty or jurisdiction of any kind
over Moslems who are subject to the sovereignty or protectorate of any other State.
No power shall be exercised directly or indirectly by any Turkish authority
whatever in any territory detached from Turkey or of which the existing status
under the present Treaty is recognised by Turkey.
PART IV.
PROTECTION OF MINORITIES.
ARTICLE 140.
Turkey undertakes that the stipulations contained in Articles 141, I45 and
I47 shall be recognised as fundamental laws, and that no civil or military law
or regulation, no Imperial Iradeh nor official action shall conflict or interfere
with these stipulations, nor shall any law, regulation, Imperial Iradeh nor official
action prevail over them.
ARTICLE 141.
Turkey undertakes to assure full and complete protection of life and liberty
to all inhabitants of Turkey without distinction of birth, nationality, language,
race or religion. All inhabitants of Turkey shall be entitled to the free exercise,
whether public or private, of any creed, religion or belief.
The penalties for any interference with the free exercise of the right referred
to in the preceding paragraph shall be the same whatever may be the creed concerned.
ARTICLE 142.
Whereas, in view of the terrorist regime which has existed in Turkey since
November 1, 1914, conversions to Islam could not take place under normal conditions,
no conversions since that date are recognised and all persons who were non-Moslems
before November 1, 1914, will be considered as still remaining such, unless, after
regaining their liberty, they voluntarily perform the necessary formalities for
embracing the Islamic faith.
In order to repair so far as possible the wrongs inflicted on individuals in
the course of the massacres perpetrated in Turkey during the war, the Turkish
Government undertakes to afford all the assistance in its power or in that of
the Turkish authorities in the search for and deliverance of all persons, of whatever
race or religion, who have disappeared, been carried off, interned or placed in
captivity since November 1, 1914.
The Turkish Government undertakes to facilitate the operations of mixed commissions
appointed by the Council of the League of Nations to receive the complaints of
the victims themselves, their families or their relations, to make the necessary
enquiries, and to order the liberation of the persons in question.
The Turkish Government undertakes to ensure the execution
of the decisions of these commissions, and to assure the security and the liberty
of the persons thus restored to the full enjoyment of their rights.
ARTICLE 143
Turkey undertakes to recognise such provisions as the Allied Powers may consider
opportune with respect to the reciprocal and voluntary emigration of persons belonging
to racial minorities.
Turkey renounces any right to avail herself of the provisions of Article I6
of the Convention between Greece and Bulgaria relating to reciprocal emigration,
signed at Neuilly-sur-Seine on November 27, 19l9. Within six months from the coming
into force of the present Treaty, Greece and Turkey will enter into a special
arrangement relating to the reciprocal and voluntary emigration of the populations
of Turkish and Greek race in the territories transferred to Greece and remaining
Turkish respectively.
In case agreement cannot be reached as to such arrangement, Greece and Turkey
will be entitled to apply to the Council of the League of Nations, which will
fix the terms of such arrangement.
ARTICLE 144.
The Turkish Government recognises the injustice of the law of 1915 relating
to Abandoned Properties (Emval-i-Metroukeh), and of the supplementary provisions
thereof, and declares them to be null and void, in the past as in the future.
The Turkish Government solemnly undertakes to facilitate to the greatest possible
extent the return to their homes and re-establishment in their businesses of the
Turkish subjects of non-Turkish race who have been forcibly driven from their
homes by fear of massacre or any other form of pressure since January 1, 1914.
It recognises that any immovable or movable property of the said Turkish subjects
or of the communities to which they belong, which can be recovered, must be restored
to them as soon as possible, in whatever hands it may be found. Such property
shall be restored free of all charges or servitudes with which it may have been
burdened and without compensation of any kind to the present owners or occupiers,
subject to any action which they may be able to bring against the persons from
whom they derived title.
The Turkish Government agrees that arbitral commissions shall be appointed
by the Council of the League of Nations wherever found necessary. These commissions
shall each be composed of one representative of the Turkish Government, one representative
of the community which claims that it or one of its members has been injured,
and a ehairman appointed by the Council of the League of Nations. These arbitral
commissions shall hear all claims covered by this Article and decide them by summary
procedure.
The arbitral commissions will have power to order:
(1) The provision by the Turkish Government of labour for any work of reconstruction
or restoration deemed necessary. This labour shall be recruited from the races
inhabiting the territory where the arbitral commission considers the execution
of the said works to be necessary
(2) The removal of any person who, after enquiry, shall be recognised as having
taken an active part in massacres or deportations or as having provoked them;
the measures to be taken with regard to such person's possessions will be indicated
by the commission;
(3) The disposal of property belonging to members of a community who have died
or disappeared since January 1, 1914, without leaving heirs; such property may
be handed over to the community instead of to the State
(4) The cancellation of all acts of sale or any acts creating rights over immovable
property concluded after January 1, I914. The indemnification of the holders will
be a charge upon the Turkish Government, but must not serve as a pretext for delaying
the restitution. The arbitral commission will, however have the power to impose
equitable arrangements between the interested parties, if any sum has been paid
by the present holder of such property.
The Turkish Government undertakes to facilitate in the fullest possible measure
the work of the commissions and to ensure the execution of their decisions, which
will be final. No decision of the Turkish judicial or administrative authorities
shall prevail over such decisions.
ARTICLE 145.
All Turkish nationals shall be equal before the law and shall enjoy the same
civil and political rights without distinction as to race, language or religion.
Difference of religion, creed or confession shall not prejudice any Turkish
national in matters relating to the enjoyment of civil or political rights, as
for instance admission to public employments, functions and honours, or the exercise
of professions and industries.
Within a period of two years from the coming into force of the present Treaty
the Turkish Government will submit to the Allied Powers a scheme for the organisation
of an electoral system based on the principle of proportional representation of
racial minorities.
No restriction shall be imposed on the free use by any Turkish national of
any language in private intercourse, in commerce, religion, in the press or in
publications of any kind, or at public meetings. Adequate facilities shall be
given to Turkish nationals of non-Turkish speech for the use of their language,
either orally or in writing, before the courts.
ARTICLE 146.
The Turkish Government undertakes to recognize the validity of diplomas granted
by recognised foreign universities and schools, and to admit the holders thereof
to the free exercise of the professions and industries for which such diplomas
qualify.
This provision will apply equally to nationals of Allied powers who are resident
in Turkey.
ARTICLE 147.
Turkish nationals who belong to racial, religious or linguistic minorities
shall enjoy the ame treatment and security in law and in fact as other Turkish
nationals. In particular they shall have an equal right to establish, manage and
control at their own expense, and independently of and without interference by
the Turkish authorities, any charitable, religious and social institutions, schools
for primary, secondary and higher instruction and other educational establishments,
with the right to use their own language and to exercise their own religion freely
therein.
ARTICLE 148.
In towns and districts where there is a considerable proportion of Turkish
nationals belonging to racial, linguistic or religious minorities, these minorities
shall be assured an equitable share in the enjoyment and application of the sums
which may be provided out of public funds under the State, municipal or other
budgets for educational or charitable purposes.
The sums in question shall be paid to the qualified representatives of the
communities concerned.
ARTICLE 149.
The Turkish Government undertakes to recognise and respect the ecclesiastical
and scholastic autonomy of all racial minorities in Turkey. For this purpose,
and subject to any provisions to the contrary in the present Treaty, the Turkish
Government confirms and will uphold in their entirety the prerogatives and immunities
of an ecclesiastical, scholastic or judicial nature granted by the Sultans to
non-Moslem races in virtue of special orders or imperial decrees (firmans, hattis,
berats, etc.) as well as by ministerial orders or orders of the Grand Vizier.
All laws, decrees, regulations and circulars issued by the Turkish Government
and containing abrogations, restrictions or amendments of such prerogatives and
immunities shall be considered to such extent null and void.
Any modification of the Turkish judical system which may be introduced in accordance
with the provisions of the present Treaty shall be held to override this Article,
in so far as such modification may affect individuals belonging to racial minorities.
ARTICLE 150.
In towns and districts where there is resident a considerable proportion of
Turkish nationals of the Christian or Jewish religions the Turkish Government
undertakes that such Turkish nationals shall not be compelled to perform any act
which constitutes a violation of their faith or religious observances, and shall
not be placed under any disability by reason of their refusal to attend courts
of law or to perform any legal business on their weekly day of rest. This provision,
however, shall not exempt such Turkish nationals (Christians or Jews) from such
obligations as shall be imposed upon all other Turkish nationals for the preservation
of public order.
ARTICLE 151.
The Principal Allied Powers, in consultation with the Council of the League
of Nations, will decide what measures are necessary to guarantee the execution
of the provisions of this Part. The Turkish Government hereby accepts all decisions
which may be taken on this subject.
PART V.
MILITARY, NAVAL AND AIR CLAUSES.
In order to render possible the initiation of a general limitation of the armaments
of all nations, Turkey undertakes strictly to observe the military, naval and
air clauses which follow.
SECTION I.
MILITARY CLAUSES.
CHAPTER I.GENERAL CLAUSES.ARTICLE 152.
The armed force at the disposal of Turkey shall only consist of:
(I) The Sultan's bodyguard;(2) Troops of gendarmerie, intended to maintain
order and security in the interior and to ensure the protection of minorities(3)
Special elements intended for the reinforcement of the troops of gendarmerie in
case of serious trouble, and eventually to ensure the control of the frontiers.
ARTICLE 153.
Within six months from the coming into force of the present Treaty, the military
forces other than that provided for in Article 152 shall be demobilised and disbanded.
CHAPTER II.
EFFECTIVES, ORGANISATION AND CADRES OF THE TURKISH ARMED FORCE.
ARTICLE 154.
The Sultan's bodyguard shall consist of a staff and infantry and cavalry units,
the strength of which shall not exceed 700 officers and men. This strength is
not included in the total force provided for in Article 155.
The composition of this guard is given in Table 1 annexed to this Section.
ARTICLE 155.
The total strength of the forces enumerated in paragraphs (2) and (3) of Article
152 shall not exceed 50,000 men, including staffs, offficers, training personnel
and depot troops.
ARTICLE 156.
The troops of gendarmerie shall be distributed over the territory of Turkey,
which for this purpose will be divided into territorial areas to be delimited
as provided in Article 200.
A legion of gendarmerie, composed of mounted and unmounted troops, provided
with machine guns and with administrative and medical services will be organised
in each territorial region, it will supply in the vilayets, sandjaks, cazas, etc.,
the detachments necessary for the organisation of a fixed protective service,
mobile reserves being at its disposal at one or more points within the region.
On account of their special duties, the legions shall not include either artillery
or technical services.
The total strength of the legions shall not exceed 35,000 men, to be included
in the total strength of the armed force provided for in Article 155.
The maximum strength of any one legion shall not exceed one quarter of the
total strength of the legions.
The elements of any one legion shall not be employed outside the territory
of their region, except by special authorisation from the Inter-Allied Commission
provided for in Article 200.
ARTICLE 157.
The special elements for reinforcements may include details of infantry, cavalry,
mountain artillery, pioneers and the corresponding technical and general services;
their total strength shall not exceed 15,000 men, to be included in the total
strength provided for in Article 155.
The number of such reinforcements for any one legion shall not exceed one third
of the whole strength of these elements without the special authority of the Inter-Allied
Commission provided for in Article 200.
The proportion of the various arms and services entering into the composition
of these special elements is laid down in Table II annexed to this Section.
Their quartering will be fixed as provided in Article 200.
ToTable 2
ARTICLE 158.
In the formations referred to in Articles 156 and 157, the proportion of officers,
including the personnel of staffs and special services, shall not exceed one twentieth
of the total effectives with the colours, and that of non-commissioned officers
shall not exceed one twelfth of the total effectives with the colours.
ARTICLE 159.
Offficers supplied by the various Allied or neutral Powers shail collaborate,
under the direction of the Turkish Government, in the command, the organisation
and the training of the gendarmerie officers authorised by Article 158, but their
number shall not exceed fifteen per cent. of that strength. Special agreements
to be drawn up by the Inter-Allied Commission mentioned in Article 200 shall fix
the proportion of these offficers according to nationality, and shall determine
the conditions of their participation in the various missions assigned to them
by this Article.
ARTICLE 160.
In any one territorial region all officers placed at the disposal of the Turkish
Government under the conditions laid down in Article 159 shall in principle be
of the same nationality.
ARTICLE 161.
In the zone of the Straits and islands referred to in Article 178, excluding
the islands of Lemnos, Imbros, Samothrace Tenedos and Mitylene, the forces o Turkish,
will be under the Inter-Allied Command of the forces in occupation of that zone.
ARTICLE 162.
All measures of mobilisation, or appertaining to mobilisation or tending to
an increase of the strength or of the means of transport of any of the forces
provided for in this Chapter are forbidden.
The various formations, staffs and administrative services shall not, in any
case, include supplementary cadres.
ARTICLE 163.
Within the period fixed by Article 153, all existing forces of gendarmerie
shall be amalgamated with the legions provided for in Article 156.
ARTICLE 164.
The formation of any body of troops not provided for in this Section is forbidden.
The suppression of existing formations which are in excess of the authorised
strength of 50,000 men (not including the Sultan's bodyguard) shall be effected
progressively from the date of the signature of the present Treaty, in such manner
as to be completed within six months at the latest after the coming into force
of the Treaty, in accordance with the provisions of Article 158.
The number of offficers, or persons in the position of officers, in the War
Ministry and the Turkish General Staff, as well as in the administrations attached
to them, shail, within the same period, be reduced to the establishment considered
by the Commission referred to in Article 200 as strictly necessary for the good
working of the general services of the armed Turkish force, this establishment
being included in the maximum figure laid down in Article 158.
CHAPTER III.
RECRUITING.
ARTICLE 165.
The Turkish armed force shall in future be constituted and recruited by voluntary
enlistment only.
Enlistment shall be open to all subjects of the Turkish State equally, without
distinction of race or religion.
As regards the legions referred to in Article 156, their system of recruiting
shall be in principle regional, and so regulated that the Moslem and non-Moslem
elements of the population of each region may be, so far as possible, represented
on the strength of the corresponding legion.
The provisions of the preceding paragraphs apply to officers as well as to
men.
ARTICLE 166.
The length of engagement of non-commissioned officers and men shall be twelve
consecutive years.
The annual replacement of men released from service for any reason whatever
before the expiration of their term of engagement shall not exceed five per cent.
of the total effectives fixed hy Article 155.
ARTICLE 167.
All officers must be regulars (officers de carrière).
Officers at present serving in the army or the gendarmerie who are retained
in the new armed force must undertake to serve at least up to the age of forty-five.
Offficers at present serving in the army or the gendarmerie who are not admitted
to the new armed force shall be definitely released from all military obligations,
and must not take part in any military exercises, theoretical or practical.
Officers newly-appointed must undertake to serve on the active list for at
least twenty-five consecutive years.
The annual replacement of officers leaving the service for any cause before
the expiration of their term of engagement shall not exceed five per cent. of
the total effectives of officers provided by Article 158.
CHAPTER IV.
SCHOOLS, EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS, MILITARY CLASS AND SOCIETIES
ARTICLE 168.
On the expiration of three months from the coming into force of the present
Treaty there must only exist in Turkey the number of military schools which is
absolutely indispensable for the recruitment of offficers and non-commissioned
officers of the units allowed, i.e.:
school for officers;
1 school per territorial region for non-commissioned officers.
The number of students admitted to instruction in these schools shall be strictly
in proportion to the vacancies to be filled in the cadres of officers and non-commissioned
officers.
ARTICLE 169.
Educational establishments, other than those referred to in Article 168, as
well as all sporting or other societies, must not occupy themselves with any military
matters.
CHAPTER V.
CUSTOMS OFFICIALS, LOCAL URBAN AND RURAL POLICE, FOREST GUARDS.
ARTICLE 170.
Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 48, Part III (Political Clauses),
the number of customs officials, local urban or rural police, forest guards or
other like officials shall not exceed the number of men employed in a similar
capacity in 1913 within the territorial limits of Turkey as fixed by the present
Treaty.
The number of these officials may only be increased in the future in proportion
to the increase of population in the localities or municipalities which employ
them.
These employees and officials, as well as those employed in the railway service,
must not be assembled for the purpose of taking part in any military exercises.
In each administrative district the local urban and rural police and forest
guards shall be recruited and officered according to the principles laid down
in the case of the gendarmerie by Article 165.
In the Turkish police, which, as forming part of the civil administration of
Turkey, will remain distinct from the Turkish armed force, officers or officials
supplied by the various Allied or neutral Powers shall collaborate, under the
direction of the Turkish Government, in the organisation the command and the training
of the said police. The number of these officers or officials shall not exceed
fifteen per cent. of the strength of similar Turkish officers or officials.
CHAPTER VI.
ARMAMENT, MUNITIONS AND MATERIAL
ARTICLE 171 .
On the expiration of six months from the coming into force of the present Treaty,
the armament which may be in use or held in reserve for replacement in the various
formations of the Turkish armed force shall not exceed the figures fixed per thousand
men in Table III annexed to this Section.
ARTICLE 172
The stock of munitions at the disposal of Turkey shall not exceed the amounts
fixed in Table III annexed to this Section.
ARTICLE 173.
Within six months from the coming into force of the present Treaty all existing
arms, munitions of the various categories and war material in excess of the quantities
authorised shall be handed over to the Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control
provided for in Article 200 in such places as shall be appointed by this Commission.
The Principal Allied Powers will decide what is to be done with this material.
ARTICLE 174.
The manufacture of arms, munitions and war material, including aircraft and
parts of aircraft of every description, shall take place only in the factories
or establishments authorised by the Inter-Allied Commission referred to in Article
200.
Within six months from the coming into force of the present Treaty all other
establishments for the manufacture, preparation, storage or design of arms, munitions
or any war material shall be abolished or converted to purely commercial uses.
The same will apply to all arsenals other than those utilised as depots for
the authorised stocks of munitions.
The plant of establishments or arsenals in excess of that required for the
authorised manufacture shall be rendered useless or converted to purely commercial
uses, in accordance with the decisions of the Military Inter-Allied Commission
of Control referred to in Article 200.
ARTICLE 175
The importation into Turkey of arms, munitions and war materials, including
aircraft and parts of aircraft of every description, is strictly forbidden, except
with the special authority of the Inter-Allied Commission referred to in Article
200.
The manufacture for foreign countries and the exportation of arms, munitions
and war material of any description is also forbidden.
ARTICLE 176.
The use of flame-throwers, asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases and all similar
liquids, materials or processes being forbidden, their manufacture and importation
are strictly forbidden in Turkey.
Material specially intended for the manufacture, storage or use of the said
products or processes is equally forbidden.
The manufacture and importation into Turkey of armoured cars, tanks or any
other similar machines suitable for use in war are equally forbidden.
CHAPTER VII.
FORTIFICATIONS
ARTICLE 177.
In the zone of the Straits and islands referred to in Article 178 the fortifications
will be disarmed and demolished as provided in that Article.
Outside this zone, and subject to the provisions of Article 89, the existing
fortified works may be preserved in their present condition, but will be disarmed
within the same period of three months.
CHAPTER VIII.
MAINTENANCE OF THE FREEDOM OF THE STRAITS
ARTICLE 178.
For the purpose of guaranteeing the freedom of the Straits, the High Contracting
Parties agree to the following provisions:
(I) Within three months from the coming into force of the present Treaty, all
works, fortifications and batteries within the zone defined in Article 179 and
comprising the coast and islands of the Sea of Marmora and the coast of the Straits,
also those in the Islands of Lemnos, Imbros, Samothrace, Tenedos and Mitylene,
shall be disarmed and demolished.
The reconstruction of these works and the construction of similar works are
forbidden in the above zone and islands. France, Great Britain and Italy shall
have the right to prepare for demolition any existing roads and railways in the
said zone and in the islands of Lemnos, Imbros, Samothrace, and Tenedos which
allow of the rapid transport of mobile batteries, the construction there of such
roads and railways remaining forbidden.
In the islands of Lemnos, Imbros, Samothrace and Tenedos the construction of
new roads or railways must not be undertaken except with the authority of the
three Powers mentioned above.
(2) The measures prescribed in the first paragraph of (I) shall be executed
by and at the expense of Greece and Turkey as regards their respective territories,
and under control as provided in Article 203.
(3) The territories of the zone and the islands of Lemnos, Imbros, Samothrace,
Tenedos, and Mitylene shall not be used for military purposes, except by the three
Allied Powers referred to above, acting in concert. This provision does not exclude
the employment in the said zone and islands of forces of Greek and Turkish gendarmerie,
who will be under the Inter-Allied command of the forces of occupation, in accordance
with the provisions of Article 161, nor the maintenance of a garrison of Greek
troops in the island of Mitylene, nor the presence of the Sultan's bodyguard referred
to in Article 152.
(4) The said Powers, acting in concert, shall have the right to maintain in
the said territories and islands such military and air forces as they may consider
necessary to prevent any action being taken or prepared which might directly or
indirectly prejudice the freedom of the Straits.
This supervision will be carried out in naval matters by a guard-ship belonging
to each of the said Allied Powers.
The forces of occupation referred to above may, in case of necessity, exercise
on land the right of requisition, subject to the same conditions as those laid
down in the Regulations annexed to the Fourth Hague Convention, 1907, or any other
Convention replacing it to which all the said Powers are parties. Requisitions
shall, however, only be made against payment on the spot.
Part Two Part Three
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