MODAL VERBS
A. Translate into English
1. Exerciţiul este foarte uşor. Pot să-l fac singur.
2. Este deja întuneric afară. Trebuie să fie foarte târziu.
3. Ea ajunge în jur de ora şapte. Ar trebui să o luăm de la gară.
4. Pentru că trenul a plecat la ora şapte dimineaţa, a trebuit să ne trezim la ora 5:30.
5. Copilaşii nu trebuie să se joace cu lucruri ascuţite.
6. – Unde este Mary?
– Nu ştiu sigur dar poate fi în grădină.
7. Este încă devreme aşa că nu trebuie să te grăbeşti.
8. Fii atent şi o să poţi să rezolvi corect exerciţiul.
9. – Îmi este foame. Aş putea primi ceva de mâncare?
10. El putea să vorbească foarte bine germana când avea 16 ani.
11. Trebuie să-ţi faci tema de fiecare dată.
12. El poate să meargă la cinema.
13. Pietonii trebuie să treacă strada când culoarea semaforului este verde.
14. Kate putea să citească de când avea doar cinci ani.
15. Toţi elevii au trebuit să dea o testare săptămâna trecută.
16. Ceea ce spune el poate fi adevărat.
17. Nu trebuie să rezolvi aceste probleme de matematică.
18. S-ar putea ca el să fie la muncă.
19. Ea poate cânta la pian foarte bine.
20. Pentru că notele tale nu sunt mulţumitoare, trebuie să munceşti mai mult.
21. Nu am ştiut că nu pot fuma aici.
22. Pot să vorbesc cu tine câteva minute?
23. Această rochie trebuie să fie măsura ta. Ar trebui s-o cumperi!
24. Ar trebui să vii mai devreme. Am nevoie de de ajutorul tău.
25. Nu îndrăznesc să-l deranjez. Pare atât de ocupat!
B. Decide whether each pair of sentences have a similar meaning, or whether they are different. Write S for same or D for different.
1. You’d better go.
You should go.
2. You don’t have to press this button.
You mustn’t press this button.
3. You should have a rest.
You ought to have a rest.
4. You must be crazy!
You should be crazy!
5. You must be here before 8.30.
You have to be here before 8.30.
6. You mustn’t do that!
You dont’ have to do that!
7. You shouldn’t eat so much.
You ought not to eat so much.
8. We have to work harder.
We must work harder.
9. I’d better write my letters.
I must write my letters.
10. I ought to leave now.
I have to leave now.
C. Modals and Related Expressions
can could have to must might should
1. Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He ________ be exhausted after such a long flight. He ________ prefer to stay in tonight and get some rest.
2. If you want to get a better feeling for how the city is laid out, you ________ walk downtown and explore the waterfront.
3. Hiking the trail to the peak ________ be dangerous if you are not well prepared for dramatic weather changes. You ________ research the route a little more before you attempt the ascent.
4. When you have a small child in the house, you ________ leave small objects lying around. Such objects ________ be swallowed, causing serious injury or even death.
5. A: ________ you hold your breath for more than a minute?
B: No, I can't.
6. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It ________ have cost a fortune.
7. Please make sure to water my plants while I am gone. If they don't get enough water, they ________ die.
8. I ________ speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Egypt. But after we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and forgot almost everything I knew as a child. Now, I ________ just say a few things in the language.
9. The book is optional. My professor said we ________ read it if we needed extra credit. But we ________ read it if we don't want to.
10. A: Where is the spatula? It ________ be in this drawer but it's not here.
B: I just did a load of dishes last night and they're still in the dish washer. It ________ be in there. That's the only other place it ________ be.
11. You ________ take your umbrella along with you today. The weatherman on the news said there's a storm north of here and it ________ rain later on this afternoon.
12. ________ we pull over at the next rest stop? I really ________ use the bathroom and I don't know if I ________ hold it until we get to Chicago.
13. Oh no! Frank's wallet is lying on the coffee table. He ________ have left it here last night.
14. A: ________ I borrow your lighter for a minute?
B: Sure, no problem. Actually, you ________ keep it if you want to. I've given up smoking.
15. I ________ believe she said that to Megan! She ________ insult her cooking in front of everyone at the party last night. She ________ have just said she was full or had some salad if she didn't like the meal.
16. Do you ________ chew with your mouth open like that? Gee, it's making me sick watching you eat that piece of pizza.
17. Mrs. Starlet's body was found in the lounge just moments ago, and it's still warm! Nobody has left the mansion this evening, so the killer ________ be someone in this room. It ________ be any one of us!!!
18. A: I don't know why Denise started crying when I mentioned the wedding.
B: It ________ have been what you said about her brother. Or, perhaps she is just nervous. After all, the big day is tomorrow.
19. ________ you always say the first thing that pops into your head? ________ you think once in awhile before you speak?
20. I was reading the book last night before I went to bed. I never took it out of this room. It ________ be lying around here somewhere. Where ________ it be?PRESENT PERFECT
A. Use the verbs to make a form of the present perfect simple.
1. What’s the matter? (you cut) ______________________ yourself?
2. The ship (not sink) ______________________ but it’s in a dangerous condition.
3. (your sister write) ______________________ to you yet?
4. I (have) ______________________ a headache ever since lunchtime.
5. Nadia (never see) ______________________ any Chinese films.
6. Someone (steal) ______________________ Mr. Grant’s bike.
7. The passengers are tired because they (not sleep) ______________________ all night.
8. I’m afraid we (just break) ______________________ your window. Sorry!
9. David (not win) ______________________ a prize this time, I’m afraid.
10. (you ever eat) ______________________ Spanish food? It’s great!
11. We (be married) ______________________ for twenty-five wonderful years.
12. I (never eat) ______________________ snails before!
13. I (just be) ______________________ on holiday to Australia.
14. I (love) ______________________ you since the day we met!
15. I (write) ______________________ twenty-three letters.
16. Oh no! I (break) ______________________ my pencil!
B. Choose the correct word or phrase.
a) I live here/ I have lived here since the end of last year.
b) Someone has just stolen/ has just been stealing my bicycle.
c) I’m afraid the last train left/ has left an hour ago.
d) Yesterday I lost/ I have lost my wallet.
e) Thank you for your offer, but I have decided/ I decided not to accept.
f) Take your umbrella with you. It’s started/ It started raining.
g) We’re enjoying our trip. We have visited/ visited two countries so far.
h) I’m standing here/ I’ve been standing here for hours and I feel tired.
i) This had been/ was a busy week and it isn’t over yet!
j) I feel really tired. We went/ have been to a party last night.
C. Put each verb given into either present perfect simple, past simple or present simple.
1. Last week I (lose) ____________ my scarf and now I (just lose) ____________ my gloves.
2. I (work) ____________ for Blue Bank at the moment but I (decide) ____________ to change jobs.
3. We (be) ____________ here for hours. Are you sure we (come) ____________ to the right place?
4. (you see) ____________ my hat? I’m sure I (leave) ____________ it here earlier.
5. We (have) ____________ some coffee after that and then (catch) ____________ the bus home.
6. I (never eat) ____________ octopus, but once on holiday I (eat) ____________ some squid.
7. I (hope) ____________ you aren’t a vegetarian. I (cook) ____________ you some lamb chops.
8. Recently a lot of young people (begin) ____________ to use computers.
9. When we (reach) ____________ the cinema, there (not be) ____________ any tickets left.
10. Please come quickly! Nick (have) ____________ an accident and he (go) ____________ to hospital.
D. Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous
Robin: I think the waiter (forget) ____________ us. We (wait) ____________ here for over half an hour and nobody (take) ____________ our order yet.
Michele: I think you're right. He (walk) ____________ by us at least twenty times. He probably thinks we (order, already)____________ .
Robin: Look at that couple over there, they (be, only) ____________ here for five or ten minutes and they already have their food.
Michele: He must realize we (order, not) ____________ yet! We (sit) ____________ here for over half an hour staring at him.
Robin: I don't know if he (notice, even) ____________ us. He (run) ____________ from table to table taking orders and serving food.
Michele: That's true, and he (look, not) ____________ in our direction once.E. Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous
1. A: How long (be) ____________ in Canada?
B: I (study) ____________ here for more than three years.
2. I (have) ____________ the same car for more than ten years. I'm thinking about buying a new one.
3. I (love) ____________ chocolate since I was a child. You might even call me a "chocoholic".
4. Matt and Sarah (have) ____________ some difficulties in their relationship lately, so they (go) ____________ to a marriage counselor. I hope they work everything out.
5. John (work) ____________ for the government since he graduated from Harvard University. Until recently, he (enjoy) ____________ his work, but now he is talking about retiring.
6. Lately, I (think) ____________ about changing my career because I (become) ____________ dissatisfied with the conditions at my company.
7. I (see) ____________ Judy for more than five years and during that time I have (see) ____________ many changes in her personality.SUFFIXES
-ER
worker, driver, teacher
-YER
lawyer
-ISM
socialism, communism, Buddhism, Judaism
-IST
socialist, communist, chemist
-MENT
agreement, statement, appointment, development, astonishment, movement, amusement, encouragement
-ABLE
understandable, capable, incredible
-IC
economic, magic
- IFY
magnify, rectify
-ISE/ -YZE
compromise, analyze
-ITY/ -TY
diversity, honesty
-AGE
passage, mortgage, personage
-SHIP
friendship, citizenship
-NESS
kindness, loneliness
-ING
writing, meaning, being, understanding
-AL
arrival, removal, proposal
-ION
collection, action, direction, information, direction
-CY
tendency, accuracy
noun
verb
water
to water
spring
to spring
monkey
to monkey
verb
noun
to love
love
to work
work
to hate
hate
to taste
taste
to smell
smell
noun
verb
to see
sight
to give
gift
to prove
proof
to permit
permission
to breathe
breath
to sell
sale
to believe
belief
C. Attach the appropriate suffixes (b) to the following words (a).
(a) (b)
write
pay
percent
prefer
tend
examine
free
child
host
real
child
book
english
improve
great
friend
depart
leaf
-ment
-ism
-er
-dom
-ation
-ess
-man
-ship
-age
-ency
-hood
-let
-ness
-ure
-ance
D. Answer these questions by changing the verbs into derived nouns.
Do you prefer spring or autumn?
I have no preference for either.
1. Can you suggest a way out of trouble?
2. Does he intend to tell her the truth?
3. Can you describe him the rules of the game?
4. Can they achieve such a goal?
5. Have you informed them about the trip?
6. Can you examine all these students today?
7. Can he guide the group to the forest?
INTERVIEWS (PART 2)
§ If you could invite anyone you like to a dinner party (famous or historical figures, dead or alive), which five people would you invite?
1. What strengths and attributes could you bring to this position?
2. What is your greatest weakness?
3. What do you enjoy doing in your free time?
4. Do you have any questions for me?
A man went to apply for a job. After filling out all of his applications he waited anxiously for the outcome. The employer read all his applications & said, "We have an opening for people like you."
"Oh, great," the man said, "What is it?"
"It's called the door!".
A tour bus load full of noisy tourists arrives at Runnymede, England.
They gather around the guide who says, "This is the spot where the barons forced King John to sign the Magna Carta."
A man pushing his way to the front of the crowd asks, "When did that happen?"
"1215," answers the guide.
The man looks at his watch and says, "Shoot! Just missed it by a half hour!"
A young boy answered the phone in a whisper "Hello?"
The man at the other end asked to speak to his father. The boy replied in a whisper "He can't come to the phone."
The man then asked to speak to his mother. He again whispered "She's busy. She can't come to the phone either."
The man became confused and asked if anyone else was at the house with the boy. "Yes," he whispered. "The police and the firemen are here too." When the man asked to speak to one of them, hoping to finally get an adult on the phone to find out what was going on, the boy again whispered "They're busy too. They can't come to the phone either."
Finally the man asked the boy what his father, his mother, the police and the fire department were so busy doing that they could not come to the phone.
The boy whispered "They're looking for me."