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These are the obligatory parts of wudoo’ which must be done in
order for wudoo’ to be sound.
The evidence for these obligatory parts of wudoo’ is the aayah
in which Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“O you who believe! When you intend to offer As-Salaah (the
prayer), wash your faces and your hands (forearms) up to the
elbows, rub (by passing wet hands over) your heads, and (wash)
your feet up to the ankles. If you are in a state of Janaaba
(i.e. after a sexual discharge), purify yourselves (bathe your
whole body). But if you are ill or on a journey, or any of you
comes after answering the call of nature, or you have been in
contact with women (i.e. sexual intercourse), and you find no
water, then perform Tayammum with clean earth and rub therewith
your faces and hands. Allaah does not want to place you in
difficulty, but He wants to purify you, and to complete His
Favour to you that you may be thankful” [al-Maa’idah 5:6]
2 – Mustahabb parts of wudoo’. These were narrated in the Sunnah
of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), the
details of which are as follows:
1) You must have the intention of purifying yourself and
removing impurity. The intention should not be spoken out loud
for its place is in the heart. This applies to all acts of
worship.
2) You should say Bismillaah.
3) Then you should wash your hands three times
4) Then you should rinse your mouth three times, swirling the
water around inside your mouth, and rinse your nose three times,
blowing the water out and using the left hand to remove the
water from your nose.
5) You should wash you face three times, from the hairline to
the jawbone and chin, and from ear to ear. A man should wash the
hair of his beard because it is part of the face. If his beard
is thin he has to wash it inside and out, and if it is thick and
covers the skin, he should wash the surface of it only and run
his wet fingers through it.
6) Then he should wash his arms up to the elbows three times.
The arm extends from the fingertips, including the nails, to the
lower part of the upper arm. It is essential to remove anything
stuck to the hands before washing them, such as dough, mud,
paint, etc, that could prevent the water from reaching the skin.
7) Then after that he should wipe his head and ears once with
fresh water, not the water left over from washing his arms. The
way in which the head is to be wiped is that you put your wet
hands at the front of your head and bring them to the back of
your head, then bring them back to the place where you started.
Then put your index fingers in your ears and wipe the back of
the ears with your thumbs. With regard to a woman’s hair, she
should wipe it whether it is loose or braided from the front of
her head to the roots of the hair at the nape of her neck, but
she does not have to wipe the entire length of her hair.
8) Then you should wash your feet three times up to the ankles,
namely the bones at the bottom of the leg.
The evidence for that is the hadeeth narrated by Humraan the
freed slave of ‘Uthmaan, who said that ‘Uthmaan ibn ‘Affaan (may
Allaah be pleased with him) called for water to do wudoo’. He
washed his hands three times, then he rinsed his mouth and nose,
then he washed his face three times, then he washed his right
arm up to the elbow three times, then he washed his left arm
likewise. Then he wiped his head, then he washed his right foot
up to the ankle three times, then he washed his left foot
likewise. Then he said, “I saw the Messenger of Allaah (peace
and blessings of Allaah be upon him) doing wudoo’ as I have done
it, then the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah
be upon him) said, ‘Whoever does wudoo’ as I have done it, then
prays two rak’ahs in which he focuses completely on his prayer,
his previous sins will be forgiven.’” (Narrated by Muslim, al-Tahaarah,
331)
The conditions of wudoo are: being Muslim, being of sound mind,
having reached the age of discernment and having the intention
of doing wudoo’. Wudoo’ is not valid on the part of a kaafir, an
insane person, a small child who has not yet reached the age of
discernment or one who does not have the intention of doing
wudoo’ because his intention is to cool himself down, for
example. The water must also be pure (taahir), for impure (naajis)
water cannot be used for wudoo’. One must also remove anything
that could prevent water from reaching the skin and nails, such
as nail polish.
It is prescribed to say Bismillaah according to the majority of
scholars, but they differ as to whether it is obligatory or
Sunnah. If one remembers to say it, it may be said either at the
beginning of wudoo’ or during it.
There is no difference between men and women in the way wudoo’
should be done.
It is mustahabb to say, when one has completed wudoo’: “Ashhadu
an laa ilaaha ill-Allaah wahdahu laa shareeka lah, wa ashhadu
anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasooluhu (I bear witness that there
is no god except Allaah alone with no partner or associate, and
I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allaah),”
because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
said: “There is no one among you who does wudoo’ and does it
properly and does it well, then he says, ‘Ashhadu an laa ilaaha
ill-Allaah wahdahu laa shareeka lah, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan
‘abduhu wa rasooluhu,’ but the gates of Paradise will be opened
to him and he may enter through whichever of them he wishes.”
(Narrated by Muslim, al-Tahaarah, 345). A report narrated by al-Tirmidhi
adds: “Allaahumma ij’alni min al-tawwaabeena wa’j’alni min al-mutatahhireen
(O Allaah, make me one of those who repent and make me one of
those who purify themselves).” (al-Tahaarah, 50; classed as
saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh Sunan Abi Dawood, no. 48)
See al-Mulakhkhas al-Fiqhi by al-Fawzaan, 1/36)
With regard to your saying “may Allaah have mercy on the Prophet
“, what is prescribed in Islam is to send blessings and peace
upon him, as Allaah commanded us to do when He said
(interpretation of the meaning):
“Allaah sends His Salaah (Graces, Honours, Blessings, Mercy) on
the Prophet (Muhammad), and also His angels (ask Allaah to bless
and forgive him). O you who believe! Send your Salaah on (ask
Allaah to bless) him (Muhammad), and (you should) greet (salute)
him with the Islamic way of greeting (salutation, i.e. As-Salaamu
‘Alaykum)” [al-Ahzaab 33:56]
Source: Islam-QA.com
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