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,e;Jf;fNs! tpopkpd;! vOkpd;!! |
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fl;Liu: DR. rhl;lu;[p M.A., Ph.d,. (USA) |
gpuhkzu;fisg; gw;wpj; jPjhfg; Ngrpa #j;jpudpd; ehf;if mWj;jpl Ntz;Lk;. Kjy; %d;W cau;[hjpadNuhLk; jd;id rkkhf vz;Zk; msTf;F ve;jf; fPo; [hjpf;fhuDk; neQ;Ruk; nfhz;lhy; mtid rTf;fhy; mbf;f Ntz;Lk;. (mg;g];jk;gh ju;ky; #j;jpuk; : 111-10-26)
Ntjk; XJtij fhjhy; Nfl;Ltpl;lhy; <aj;ijf; fha;r;rp mtd; fhJfspy; Cw;wplNtz;Lk;. mtd; Ntjj;ij cr;rupj;jhy; mtdJ ehf;if mWj;Jj; Jz;lhf;fpl Ntz;Lk;. Ntj ehjq;fis mtd; cs;sj;jpy; Njf;fp itj;jhy; mtdJ cliyf; fz;l Jz;lq;fshfj; Jz;lhbl Ntz;Lk;. kDtpd; tpjp 167-272 $Wfpd;wJ.
gpuhkz ju;kj;ij #j;jpud; xUtd; fw;Wf; nfhs;sNth> fw;Wf;nfhLf;fNth JzpthNdahdhy; murd; ed;whf #lhd vz;izia mtDila fhJfspYk;> thapYk; Cw;wpl Ntz;Lk;. kDtpd;tpjp ,d;Dk; nrhy;fpd;wJ.
gpuhkzd; vd;djhd; F&ukhd Fw;wj;ijr; nra;jhYk; mtidj; jz;bf;f ,ayhJ.
,g;gb xU mePjp Ntjj;jpd; ngauhy; ,e;j cyfpy; vq;NfAk; ,Uf;Fk; vd vjpu;ghu;g;gjw;fpy;iy.
fhe;jpiaf; nfhd;wtu;fs; jho;j;jg;gl;l kf;fs; kPJ fl;ltpo;j;Jtpl;LtUk; mePjpfs; rpy rpWNkw;Nfhs;fs;!
§ `up[dg; ngz;fs; epu;thzkhf tPjpfspy; cyhtu itf;fg;gl;lhu;fs;. fuz;l; 6-4-1983
§ jho;j;jg;gl;l [hjpiar; rhu;e;j xUtdppd; Mil gpuhkzd; xUtdpd; Mil kPJ gl;Ltpl;lJ vd;gjdhy; me;jj; jho;j;jg;gl;l [hjpiar; rhu;e;jtd; fbdkhfj; jhf;fg;gl;lhd; - ilk;]; Mg; ,e;jpah ehspjo; 18-11-1984
§ `up[dq;fs; Fbf;fj; jz;zPu; vLf;Fk; fpzw;wpy; cau;[hjp `pe;Jf;fs; ,we;j kpUfq;fisAk; kdpj kyj;ijAk; vwpe;J> `up[dq;fs; Fbf;fj; jz;zPu; vLj;Jf; nfhs;s ,ayhky; nra;jhu;fs;. fhty;Jiwapdu; ve;j eltbf;ifAk; vLf;ftpy;iy. - ilk;]; Mg; ,e;jpah ehspjo; 18-11-84
§ Nfhapypy; flTisf; Fk;gpl jdf;Fk; cupik Ntz;Lk; vd;W Ntz;bf; nfhz;l xU `up[d; td;ikahfj; jhf;fg;gl;lhd;. kdpj kyk; mtd; thapNy jpzpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J jhj;J}u; vd;w fpuhkj;jpNy ele;J (Nrhuhg; jhY}fh). -nlf;fhd; n`uhy;L ehspjo; 5-2-88
§ nts;sj;jhy; #og;gl;Lj; jj;jspj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jtu;fisg; glfpy; Vw;wpg; ghJfhg;ghd ,lj;jpw;Ff; nfhz;L nrd;W nfhz;bUe;jdu;. NfhFk; topapy; glfpy; ,Uf;Fk; ngz;fspy; rpyu; `up[dg; ngz;fs; vd;gijf; fz;L nfhz;ldu;. mtu;fisg; glfpypUe;J J}f;fp jz;zPupy; vwpe;jdu;. -gpspl;]; 18-3-84
§ 1970Mk; Mz;L Mf];l; 18-k; ehs; ,e;jpahtpd; gpujku; ,e;jpuh fhe;jp mtu;fs; ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; gpd;tUk; jftiyr; nrhd;dhu;fs;. (,J gpuhkzu;fspd; fzf;F) fle;j %d;W tUlq;fspy; 1117 `up[dq;fs; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;Ls;shu;fs;.
§ jkpoj;jpd; Nryk; khtl;lj;jpy; ghy;kzk; khwhj 5taJ mup[dr; rpWjp jdk;> jhfk; jzpf;fg; gs;spf; $lj;jpy; jz;zPu; Fbj;jjw;fhf cau;[hjp tFg;ghrpupauhy; jhf;fg;gl;L fz;ghu;it ,oe;jJk; 1995k; Mz;L Mf];L jpq;fspy; jhd;.
Nkiy ehLfspd; epwntwpf; nfhs;ifAk; ,e;jpahtpd; cau;[hjp gpuhkzthjKk;
,e;jpahtpy; 5%f;Fk; FiwTjhd; gpuhkzu;fs;. ,tu;fs; 95% ,ejpaf; Fbkf;fis Ml;rp nra;J tUfpd;wdu;.
njd; Mg;gupf;fhtpy; nts;siau;fs; 15% jhd;. ,tu;fs; 85% fWg;gu;fis Ml;rp nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;whu;fs;.
Mdhy; ,e;jpah mbf;fb epwntwpf; nfhs;ifia mjhtJ fWg;gu;fis nts;isau;fs; Ml;rp nra;Ak; mePjpia mbf;fb Fiw $WtJz;L.
mNj mePjpia ,e;jpahtpy; nra;J nfhz;bUg;gtu;fSf;F mtu;fisf; Fiw$w ve;jj; jFjpAkpy;iy. ,ij VNdh czu;e;J nfhs;sj; jtwp tpl;ldu;.
[dehafk;> kjr;rhu;gpz;ik Mfpatw;iwg; gw;wp tha;epiwag; NRfpd;Nwhk;.
mNjNghy; rl;lj;jpd; Kd; midtUk; rkk; vdg; gPw;wpf; nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;.
Mdhy; ,e;j ehl;by; ngUkghd;ikahf thOk; xU rKjhaj;ij jPz;lj;ffhjtu;fshfTk;> ghu;f;fj;jfhjtu;fhsTk; Mf;fp itj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;.
cz;ik epiy ,g;gb ,Uf;f rkj;Jtk;> rNfhjuj;Jtk;> [dehafk; ,tw;iwg; gw;wpg; Ngrpl ekf;F vd;d jFjp ,Uf;fpd;wJ?
,e;jpahtpd; cz;ikahd FbfNs! ,e;j Mjpf;fthjpfis mg;Gwg;gLj;j mzp jpuSq;fs;.
kf;fs; njhlu;G fUtpfs; ahu; gpbapy;?
,d;W ,e;j ehl;by; ntsptUk ehspjo;fs;> khj> thu> ,jo;fs; ,tw;wpy; ahu; KOikahd Mjpf;fk;> nrYj;Jfpd;whu;fs;? ,tw;wpy; 81 rjtPjk; gpuhkzu;fs; gpbapy; jhd;.
,d;W ehl;by; ntsptUk nra;jpfis kf;fSf;Fr; nrhy;ypLk; gj;jpupf;iffs; ,e;jpad; vf;];gpu];> `pe;J> ilk;]; M/g; ,e;jpah ,it midj;Jk; gpuhkzu;fspd; Mjpf;fj;jpy; ,Ug;git.
,tw;wpy; gzpahw;Wgtu;fSk; gpuhkzu;fs; jhk;.
,e;jpad; vf;];gpu]; 93 rjtPjk; gpuhkzu;fs;.
`pe;J 97 rjtPjk; gpuhkzu;fs;.
ilk;]; M/g; ,e;jpah 73 rjtPjk; gpuhkzufs;. ,tu;fs; (gpuhkzu;fs;) thndhyp> njhiyf;fhl;rp Mfpatw;wpy; jq;fs; Mjpf;fj;ij KOikahf epiyehl;btpl;lhu;fs;.
gzKk; - tsKk; - gpuhkzu;fSk;
kD];kpu;jp tpj V11 133 ,g;gbr; nrhy;Yfpd;wJ. gpuhkzu;fis tuptpjpg;gpw;F cl;gLj;jf; $lhJ. mtu;fis muRj;Jiw nrytpy; guhkupf;f Ntz;;Lk;. #j;jpuu;fs; vd;w fPo;[hjp `pe;Jf;fs; gw;wp kD];kpu;jp ,g;gbf; $Wfpd;wJ. tpjp vz;: X - 129y;> nry;tj;ijr; Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;tJ #j;jpuu;fSf;F MfhJ. mtu;fSf;F mjw;Fupa jpwikfs; ,Ue;jhYk rupNa! #j;jpud; nry;tj;ij Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;tJ vd;gJ gpuhkzDf;F Ntjidiaj; jUk;. ,d;Dk; gpuhkzd; gyj;ij gpuNahfpj;Jr; #j;jpuDila nry;tj;ij mgfupj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.
gQ;rtdp\; gpu`khd; 3-1/11 ,g;gbf; $Wfpd;wJ.
#j;jpud; nry;tj;ij Nru;j;Jf; nfhz;lhYk; mtd; vg;NghJk; Xu; mbikahfNt ,Ug;ghd;. mtDila jiyahagzp cau;[hjpadupd; fhy;fis fOTtjhFk;.
Jsrpjh]; ,tu; xU gpuhkzd;. ,tu; jd;Dila E}ypy; - mjhtJ ,uhkhazj;jpy; gpd;tUkhW vOJfpd;whu;.
#j;jpud; xUtd; fw;wtdhfTk;> ey;nyhOf;fKs;stdhfTk; ,Ue;jhYk; mtDf;F me;j kjpg;Gkpy;iy.
Mq;fpNyau;fs; ,e;jpahit tpl;L ntspNawpa NghJ vy;yh njhopw;rhiyfisAk; gpuhkzu;fNs vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. ve;j msTf;F vd;why; mtu;fs; ,d;W ehl;bYs;s 60 rjtPjk; njhopy;fspd; Nky; VfNghf Mjpf;fk; cs;stu;fshf ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs;.
60 rjtpfpjk; Miyfis mlf;fpahSk; ,tu;fs; ehl;bd; nkhj;j Fbkf;fSld; 5 rjtPjk; jhd; vd;gij kw;f;fyhfhJ.
,NjNghy; ,e;j 5 rjtpfpjj;jpdu; jhd; ehl;bd; cau;gjtpfspy; 60 rjtpfpjk; gjtpfis tfpf;fpd;wdu;.
,Njh ,e;jg; Gs;sp tpguj;ijg; ghUq;fs;. ,e;j ,e;jpah ,d;Wk; ahu; iffspy; rpr;fpj; jtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ vd;w cz;ik Gyg;gLk;.
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vz; |
tptuq;fs; |
gpuhkzu;fspd; % |
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1 |
ehlhSkd;wj;jpd; kf;fs; rigapy; |
45 |
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2 |
ehlhSkd;wj;jpd; Nky; rigpay; |
36 |
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3 |
ftu;du;fs; - L.G. |
50 |
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4 |
ftu;du;fspd; nrayhsu;fs;. |
54 |
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5 |
kj;jpa mikr;ruitapd; nrayhsu;fs; |
53 |
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6 |
kj;jpa mikr;ruitapd; jiyik nrayhsu;fs; |
54 |
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7 |
mikr;ru;fspd; jdpr; nrayhsu;fs; |
70 |
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8 |
ePjpgjpfspd; jdp nrayhsu;fs; |
62 |
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9 |
gy;fiyf;fofq;fspd; Jiz Nte;ju;fs; |
51 |
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10 |
cr;r ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpfs; |
56 |
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11 |
cau;ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpfs; - $Ljy; ePjpgjpfs; |
50 |
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12 |
,e;jpahtpd; gpujpepjpfshf ntspehl;Lj; J}Jtu;fs; |
41 |
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13 |
nghJ epWtdq;fspy; jiyik nghWg;ghsu;fs; (kj;jpa murpd; fPo; ,aq;Fgit) |
57 |
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14 |
khepiy muRfspd; fPo; ,aq;Fk; murpd; nghJ epWtdq;fspd; Kjd;ikg; nghWg;ghsu;fs; |
82 |
Mjhuk; : Voice of the Weak, Oct, 1989)
Vida epWtdq;fspy;
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tptuq;fs; |
gpuhkzu;fspd; % |
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tq;fpfs; |
57 |
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tpkhdj; Jiw |
61 |
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IAS mjpfhupfs; (khtl;l Ml;rpahsu; Nghd;w nghWg;gpy; ,Ug;gtu;fs;) |
72 |
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IPS fhty;Jiwapd; cau; nghWg;Gfspy; ,Ug;gtu;fs; |
61 |
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thndhyp kw;Wk; njhiyf;fhl;rpapy; gzpahw;Wgtu;fs; |
83 |
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CBI kj;jpa Gydha;Tj; Jiw mjpfhupfs;> Rq;ftup mjpfhupfs; Mfpatw;wpy; gzpahw;Wgtu;fs; |
72 |
,J jhd; ,e;j ehl;by; fpilf;Fk; Ntiy tha;g;Gfspd; epiy.
muR ,ae;jpuj;ij ,af;fpLk; mj;jid gjtpfSk;> muR cjtpAld; elf;Fk; epWtdq;fis epu;tfpf;Fk; Kf;fag; nghWg;GfSk; gpuhkzu; ifapy; - ,g;gb> murpd; f[hdh KOtJk; xU rhuhUf;Nf rk;gsk; rYif vd;W toq;fg;gl;L tpLfpd;wJ.
,e;j epiy khwp Ntz;Lk;. muRj; Jiwapy; fpilf;Fk; Ntiy tha;g;G trjpfs; Vida kf;fSf;Fk fpilj;jpl Ntz;Lk; vdg gupJiug;gNj kz;ly (FO) fkp\d; mwpf;if.
gupe;Jiu
,e;jpahit KOikahfj; jpd;W Vg;gk; tpl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; gpuhkz Vfhjpgj;jpak;> ,e;j kz;ly; FOtpd; gupe;Jiufisr; nray;gLj;Jtjpy; mj;jid Kl;Lf; fl;ilfis Nghl;L tUfpd;wJ. ,e;jpah Rje;jpuk; mile;J ,d;Wtiu ,e;jpahit gpuhkzu;fs; jhd; gpujku; gjtpapyUe;J Mz;L tUfpd;wdu;. tpgp rpq; kl;Lk; jhd; ,jpy; gpuhkzu; my;yhjtu;.
`pe;Jf;fNs> ,e;j epiyik ,d;Nw mfw;wpl Kd;tuhtpl;lhy;>
cq;fs; Foe;ijfs;> Foe;ijfspd; Foe;ijfs;> ,g;gb cq;fs; re;jjpapdu; midtujk; ,e;j Mupa te;Njhpfshy; mbikg;gLJ;jg;gl;L tpLthu;fs;.